动词的用法

A. but it isn‟t this year B. but not this year C. but it hasn‟t this year D. but it hadn‟t this year (A) 并列句型，前后一致 plague 混乱; traffic congestion交通阻塞; 2. The commuter can _________ facts.

A. gather and to store B. gather and stored C. gather and storing D. gather and store (D) 3. The crewman switched on portable flashlights as the engineer _________ the scene. A.has surveyed B. surve;C. was surveying;D. is surveying (C) 4. We _________a solution to this problem by the end of this month. A. must B. will C. must find D. can (C)

5. The old woman neither _________anything when the policemen asked her about the accident. A. replied nor say B. replied nor said C. reply nor said D. replies nor says (B) 6. The boy _________at school.

A. was never behaved B. was never behaved himself C. never behaved D. never behaved himself. (D) behave 规矩，常与自身代词连用; 主动语态

7. Most pubs in the street _________until 1：00 in the morning. A. not close B. close not C. do not close D. not closed (C) 8. They _________had an enormous dinner like this.

A. rarely not have B. rarely have not C. have not rarely D. have rarely (D) rarely ， scarcely ， hardly ，never 等已含有否定义;

9. Many high-rise hotels_________. A. has now been constructing B. are now being constructedare now constructing D. are constructed now (B) 现在进行时态 被动语态 10. The girl smiled ，got up，_________ from the schoolmaster. A. receive the god medal B. and receiving the gold medal

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C. C. and receive the gold medal D. and received the gold medal (D) 连续动作 时态要一致 11. He fancied that he would get on well_________.

A. and that he would meet with amazing success B. and that he will meet with amazing success C. and that amazing success would be met with D. and meets with amazing success (A) 并列宾语从句，时态要一致 12. I can do it for her but I_________ .

A. don‟t feel like it B. don‟t feel like to C. don‟t feel liking it D. don‟t feel liked to (A)

feel like 想要;不带to的不定式还有 cannot but do ， cannot help but do ， rather than do ， other than do ， let do ， make do 等; 13. The burglar took away more than_________ .

A. he wanted to take B. he wanted to taken C. he wanted to D. he wanted to have taken (C) take away 消耗;带走; want to 想要; 14. He _________after climbing the mountain.

A. has scarcely no energy left B. had scarcely any energy left C. scarcely has no energy left D. scarcely has not any energy left (B) 15. She apologized to her for the party. A. not being able to attend B. not being able to attend C. being able not to attend D. being notable to attend (B) 动名词作介宾; apologize to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 16. Entering the lecture hall， _________from their clothing.

A. snow beat off B. they beat off snow C. snow was beaten off by them D. they were beaten off snow (B)

现在分词作状语从句;主动态;

17._________ a long way， Robbins began to feel tired.

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A. Having walked B. Walking C. Having been walked D. Being walk (A) 先后动作，前一个动作用完成式;

18. Weighing five hundred pounds，_________.

A. the cupboard could not be moved B. she could not move the cupboard

C. the cupboard was too heavy for one person to move D. the cupboard was unable to move (C) cupboard 橱柜;

19. Asked about the new play，_________.

A. his answer was confident B. he was confidently answered C. he answered confidently D. his answers were confident (C) 过去分词作状语从句;被动态; 20. _________，the inhabitants fled. A. The city take B. The city having been taken C. Having taken the city D. The city being taken (B) 现在分词的完成式，被动态;

21. _________black clouds covering the sky ，he stopped his work and went home. A. To see B. Having been seeing C. Seeing D. having to see (C) 现在分词作状语从句，主动态;

22. I advised _________，but he turned me a deaf ear. A. him not to smoke again B. him to smoke not again C. him to not smoke again D. not him to smoke again (A) 不定式的否定式词序：not to do

23. _________，he works very late at night. 被选为主任，他工作到深夜。 A. Having bee choosing director B. Choosing director

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C. Having chosen director D. Being chosen director (D) 现在分词作状语从句，被动态;

24. She prefers_________ taking an examination.

A. writing a term paper than B. being written for a term paper C. to write that a term paper D. writing a term paper to prefer doing…to doing…

25. The clerk is going to take bus money. A. by saving B. to save C. for to save D. saving (B) 不定式作目的状语;

26. The brakes need _________.

A. adjusting B. adjusted C. to adjustment D. to adjust (A)

need sb. to do…需要某人做。。。 need doing…需要被做。。 need sth.done 需要请人做; 27. Henry and Bady_________ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday. A. are used to go B. used to go C. would stay D. shall stay (b)

be used to do…被用于做。。 be used to doing… 习惯于;used to do…过去常常(现在不了); 28. Her government insisted _________she until she finished her degree. A. stayed B. stay C. would stay D. shall stay (B)

虚拟语气在宾语从句中，是should 动词原形或只用动词原形;这类谓语动词有：insist ， suggest ，order ， demand ， command ， propose ， arrange ， request ， require ， desire ， recommend 等;

29. Excuse me ，but it is necessary that_________ your temperature . A. be taken B. taking C. to take D. was taken (A)

虚拟语气在主语从句中，是should 动词原形、should have done .或只用动词原形;这类词有：

It is(was) necessary (important ， desirable ， imperative ， advisable ， desired ， suggested ， proposed ，settled ， requested ， decided) that….

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30.Hix Chemistry teacher recommends that he_________ A regular degree program. A. will begin B. begins C. begin D. is beginning (C)

31.The landlady asked him to move because she_________ in that chair. A. used to sit B. was used to sitting C. used to sitting D was used to sit (B) 32.His friends are looking forward his as soon as possible. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing (D)

属“动词 介词 动名词”结构，这类词有：look forward to doing pay attention to doing give up doing apologize for doing succeed in doing dream of doing object to doing insist on doing worry about doing provent(stop)…from doing excuse sb for doing devote…to doing accuse sb of doing aid sb in doing agree on doing think about doing ; 33.It is imperative that you_________ there in person. A. be B. will be C. will D. are (A)

34.Robin‟s doctor suggested_________ for a few days.

A. that he is resting B. his resting C. him to rest D. that he rest (D) 35.Frankly， I‟d rather you _________anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didn‟t do C. don‟t D. didn‟t(b)

would rather (had rather)….than…. 填充名词、代词或不带to的不定式; 36.His report proved_________ . A. truly B. true C. truth D. truism (B) ( to be ) true ， 省略不定式to be ; 37.Does he have difficulty English? A. to speak B. speak C. speaking D. spoke (C)

属“名词 介词 动名词”结构，这类词有：difficulty in doing advice on doing delay in doing experience in doing insist in doing habit of doing possibility of doing apology for doing

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success in doing sth. 等;

38.They would insist _________to another hotel. A. to move B. moving C. on moving D. moved (C) 39.We request the committee our suggestion again. A. to consider B. considering C. consider D. considered (A)

有些动词后只能跟不定式，这类词有：request ， afford ， agree ， aim ， ask . desire ， expect ，claim ， choose ， decide ， demand ， fail ， hope ， manage ， offer ， plan ， pretend ， promise ， refuse ，request ， resolve ， wish 等; 40.He stopped Mira_________ to his office.

A. from having come B. to cone C. for coming D. from coming (D) 见第32题;

41.In winter we go the hill_________. A. skiing B. to ski C. ski D. for ski (A)

属名词化的动名词，这类词有：skiing ， swimming ， living ， acting ， singing ， walking ， running ，working ， laughing ， crying 等; 42.She_________ playing volleyball very much. A. has B. wants C. lets D. enjoys (D)

有些动词后只能跟动名词，这类词有：enjoy ， admit ， avoid ， consider ， dislike ， delay ， finish ，imagine ， include ， keep ， mind ， miss ， practise ， recall ， repent ， resent ， resist ， risk ， stop ， suggest ; 43.They are busy _________.

A. to do this B. doing this C. to this D. did this (B)

属“形容词 介词 动名词”结构，这类词有：busy (in) doing according to doing aware of doing apologetic for doing capable of doing confident of doing angry about doing exact in doing afraid of doing fond of doing guilty of doing hopeful of doing intent on doing tired of doing responsible for doing suitable for doing

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wrong in doing right in doing 等; 44.She had a hard time _________mathematics. A. to study B. studies C. studing D. study (C) have ….doing…. 主动态; have…..done 被动态; 45.He is now accustomed to_________ early. A. works B. working C. work D. worked (B) be accustomed to doing 习惯于;

46. The man tries to avoid _________his manager. A. to meet B. meet C. to be meeting D. meeting (D) 47.The engineer demanded that Smith_________ with him. A. go B. must to C. went D. will go (A)

48.The plants have stopped _________. A. to grow B. to be growing C. for growing D. growing (D)

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部分连接动词的区别：

○ try doing 意为“尝试”，重在做 ; try to do 意谓“企图”，重在想办法; ○regret doing 指对过去的行为懊悔; regret to do 指对现在的事情抱歉; ○cannot help doing 禁不住; cannot help to do 不能帮忙; ○propose doing 建议做; propose to do 打算做; ○stop smoking 戒烟; stop to smoke 停下来吹烟;

○go on doing 继续做同一件事;go on to do 接着做另一件事; ○remember doing 表已完成的; remember to do 表未完成的动作; ○forget doing 忘记已做了的事;forget to do 忘记要做的事; ○agree on doing 商量做某事; agree to do 同意做某事; ○be good at eating 会吃 it is good to eat 很好吃

○be afraid of dying 恐怕要死了(客观); be afraid to die 害怕得要死(主观); ○like doing (长期的) 爱好; like to do (一时的)兴趣; ○living 钟爱的;lovely 可爱的; likely 可能的;

一、 属“形容词 介词 动名词”结构，这类词有：busy (in) doing according to doing

aware of doing apologetic for doing capable of doing be confident of doing有信心做 angry about doing exact in doing afraid of doing fond of doing guilty of doing hopeful of doing intent on doing tired of doing responsible for doing suitable for doing wrong in doing right in doing 等;

二、

有些动词后只能跟动名词，这类词有：enjoy ， admit ， avoid ， consider ， dislike ， delay ，

finish ，imagine ， include ， keep ， mind ， miss ， practise训练 ， recall回忆 ， repent后悔 ， resent愤慨;怨恨， resist (常用于否定句)忍耐,忍住[+v-in...， risk ， stop ， suggest ;

三、

属名词化的动名词，这类词有：skiing ， swimming ， living ， acting ， singing ， walking ，

running ，working ， laughing ， crying 等;

四、有些动词后只能跟不定式，这类词有：request ， afford ， agree ， aim ， ask . desire ， expect ，

claim ， choose ， decide ， demand ， fail ， hope ， manage ， offer ， plan ， pretend假装 ，

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promise ， refuse ，request ， resolve决心,决定 ， wish 等

五、 属“名词 介词 动名词”结构，这类词有：difficulty in doing advice on doing delay in doing experience in doing insist on doing habit of doing possibility of doing apology for doing success in doing sth. 等;

六、 属“动词 介词 动名词”结构，这类词有：look forward to doing pay attention to doing give up doing apologize for doing succeed in doing dream of doing object to doing insist on doing worry about doing provent(stop)…from doing excuse sb for doing devote…to doing accuse sb of doing aid sb in doing agree on doing think about doing ;

七、虚拟语气在主语从句中，是should 动词原形、should have done .或只用动词原形;这类词有： It is(was) necessary (important ， desirable ， imperative ， advisable ， desired ， suggested ， proposed ，settled ， requested ， decided) that….

八、 feel like 想要;不带to的不定式还有 cannot but do ， cannot help but do ， rather than do ， other than do ， let do ， make do 等; 一、feel like＋名词，意为“觉得好像……”。 It feels like rain soon．好像马上就要下雨了。 二、feel like＋物质名词，意为“摸上去像是……”。

1. I'm holding something that feels like a potato. 我拿的东西摸上去像个土豆。 2. This kind of brick feels like wood. 这种砖摸起来像木头。 三、feel like＋名词／代词，意为“觉得想做……”。

I feel like a rest after the long journey. 长途旅行后我想休息一下。 四、feel like＋doing，意为“想做……”。

1. I don't feel like walking very much today. 我今天不太想散步。

2. She really feels like having a talk with him about his study at school. 她的确想和他谈一下他在学校的学习情况。

3. I don't feel like eating anything now. 我现在什么都不想吃。

4. Sometimes when I look into the sky, I feel like making a trip somewhere. 当我看天空时，我很想到某个地方旅行。

五、feel like＋反身代词，意为“感到舒适；感觉身体好”，like可省略。 1. I'm not feeling myself today. 我今天感觉不舒服。

2. He felt（like）himself after doing exercise. 锻炼之后他感觉很舒服。 六、feel like＋从句，意为“觉得好像是……”。

He feels like that he has never been to such a place. 他感觉好像从未到过这样一个地方。

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四、同位语从句 （一）解题要点：

1、找到标志词（抽象名词belief、doubt、evidence、fact、feeling、hope、idea、information、news、possibility、principle 、problem、promise、proof、question、remark、reply、report、sign、story、thought） 2、选出 that

She believes in the principle __ that __ to love is to give, not to take.

The fact _______ he does so in so short period of time challenges explanation.

A. why

B. that

C. what

D. which

Evidence came up _______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.

A. where B. that A. which

B. that

C. which D. what

D. on which

Would the news _______he failed to pass the exam bother you?

C. of which

㈠外来词及其原有的复数形式，如：

① agendum: agenda; ② datum: data; ③ analysis: analyses; ④ criterion: criteria; ⑤ phenomenon: phenomena; ⑥ basis: bases.

㈡外来词原有的复数或英语复数，如：

① curriculum: curricula/ curriculums; ② formula: formulae/ formulas; ③ index: indices/ indexes; ④ terminus: termini/ terminuses.

㈢有些名词只有复数而没有单数，如：

① scissors; ② spectacles; ③ trousers; ④ pants; ⑤ measles; ⑥ mumps; ⑦ annals; ⑧ assets. ㈣有些名词形式是复数，但是含义是单数，如： linguistics, economics, news, the Philippines. ㈤有些名词形式是单数，但常当复数用，如： people, police, cattle, vermin

㈥有少数复数名词，既可当复数用，又可当少数用，如下列句子所示：

① The quickest means of travel is by plane. ② What Tom has just done is a means to an end.

③ What are the important means of transport in Singapore? ④ There are ways and means of solving a problem.exam8.com ㈦有些名词，单数是个意思，复数又是个意思，如：

① a. paper(一种原料，即纸)` b. papers(报纸、文件) ② a. work(工作) b.works(工厂、作品)

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㈧有些名词，单数有两个意思，复数只有一个意思，如：

① a. people(人们、种族) b. peoples(种族) ② a. light(光明、电灯) b. lights(电灯) ③ a. practice(练习、风俗习惯) b. practices(风俗习惯) 一、常考典型错误 1、一致性方面的错误 1)主谓一致

主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。

例：The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.

句中主语的主词为单数名词president，介词短语together with the workers与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。 2)名词单复数

有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many, several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。

例：Computer, as we all know, has many possible use in different fields. 句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。 3)代词与先行词一致

代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。

例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors„ study because without them one can read books only in translation.

本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several languages，因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。 2、时态、语态、虚拟语气 1)时态错误

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在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。 例：He can„t remember what he once knows.

主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。 2)语态错误

在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加被字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。

例：She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知。这里她是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。 3)虚拟语气错误

虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。 例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.

句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故is应改为be或should be。类似的动词还有demand, insist, order，等等。

3、连接词、并列句、从属句

这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。

例：Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like.

句中连词since用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是since使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得模糊不清。应把since改成while或whereas。 4、形容词、副词比较级、最高级

这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲，考生不难掌握。

例：Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容词，意思是昂贵的。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式，须改成costly。 5、平行结构

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平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。

例：Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.

本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。 6、非谓语动词

非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。

例：The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词learning。 7、固定搭配

固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。

例：It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology.

句中takes rise to是错误搭配，应把takes改为gives。give rise to是固定表达，有引起、导致的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。 8、词性错误

词性误用句中，错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题，首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置，然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。

例：We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job.

句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用，应改为副词形式necessarily。9、易混淆的词

英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。

例：His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 句中award是颁发，授予(奖赏)之义，而文中想要表达的意思是汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。应把award改成reward。 二、解题思路与技巧

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从上面的错误类型分析可知，做改错题一定要具有一双慧眼。重要的不是自己会运用一个语法点或知识点，而是能够识别出错误的用法，以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题步骤和技巧。

怎样回答阅读理解中的态度类问题

关于作者的态度类问题(Attitude)

阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。

关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样，常风的选项有： (1) positive(积极的) (2) negative(消极的) (3) neutral(中立的) (4) approval(赞成的) (5) disapproval(不赞成的) (6) indifferent(漠不关心的) (7) sarcastic(讽刺的) (8) critical(批评的) (9) optimistic(乐观的) (10) pessimistic(悲观的)

下面引类问题的几种提问方式： (1)What's the writer's attitude to …?

(2)What's the tone of the passage? (3)The author's view is (4)The writer's attitude of .this passage is apparently (5)The author suggests that (6)According to author 表示时间：

time in 1999， in 20 century， in a flash(瞬时)， a short time， in a while， in a wink(一瞬间) in advance(预先)， in an emergency(在紧急地时候)， in an evil hour(在不幸地时刻)， in an instant， in ancient times， in broad day(在大白天)， in course of， (在…期间)， in December， in due course(及时地)， in future，

in good season(及时地)， in no time(马上)， in one's childhood， in one's spare time， in one's teens， in one's youth，

in recent years， in season(适时)， in seconds(在很短的时间)， in some cases(有时候)， in spring， in the afternoon， in the beginning， in the daytime， in the end， in the evening， in the future， in the long run(最后)，

in the meantime， in the morning， in the nick of time(在紧急关头)，

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in the night， in the past， in the thick of (在最激烈的时刻)，

in the thick of(在最激烈的时刻)， in this period， in those days， in time of war， in time， on on a certain day， on a sudden(突然)，

on a winter morning， on Christmas Day， on night shift， on one's birthday， on schedule(按时)， on Sunday， on that date， on the eve of， on the following day， on the instant(马上)， on the moment(立刻)，

on the Monday morning， on the New Year's Eve， on the next morning， on the point of(正在…时候)， on the spur of the moment(立刻) on this day， on this occasion， on time， at a time(在某时)， at a wedding(婚礼)，

at all times(一直)， at any moment， at any time， at Christmas， at dark (天黑时)， at dawn(在黎明)， at daybreak， at dinner-time， at dusk(在黄昏)， at Easter， at first sight，(一见到)，

at first， at last， at midnight， at night， at nightfall， at noon， at present， at six clock， at sunrise， at sunset，

at that moment， at that time， at the age of， at the beginning of ， at the correct time， at the end of， at the last minute， at the moment，

at the present stage at the same time， at the stage(眼下) at the start， at the time being， at the time of， at the very start， at this point(此时)， at this season， at this time of day， at times(有时)

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所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分，如分词短语，不定式动词短语等，找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法，应该避免。 下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法： ⒈垂悬分词或分词短语，如：

① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二： (a)确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.” ⒉垂悬副词短语，如：

② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同：

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite. (b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite. ⒊垂悬不定式动词短语，如：

③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主语必须是“ 人”，如：

(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot. (b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.exam8.com

上述三类垂悬结构中，第一类发生的频率最高，必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并非垂悬结构：

第一，结构(The Absolute Construction，见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如：

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① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如： ② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued. ③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.

第三，当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时，也不需要逻辑主语，因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如：

④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible. ⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.

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