｛学科加油站｝·提高站·代词在高考英语试题中的考查方式揭秘●山东省费县第一中学 籍万杰 大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。根据代词的意义、特反身代词和不定代词等。代词虽小，作用却很大，在高考试题的各种题型中都能见到考查代词的题目。代词是用来代替前文中的名词、名词短语或句子的词，根据其在句中的位置（find后）和指代的对象（the gorillas）可知，应填其宾格形式them。says Pahlsson. ③（2017年浙江卷）“She thought I had hurt 59 (I),” 征及在句中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、示词类。高考对代词的考查在这两种类型中都有涉及。1.给提示词语法填空题考查的设空类型有两种：给提示词类和无提一、语法填空中对代词的考查知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者是同一人，故应使用I【解析】括号中给出的提示词是主格代词I，根据句意可的反身代词，意思是“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China practical. 少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划【解析】句意为：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多④（2020年全国卷I ）Data about the moon’s composition, 式），考生应根据其在句中的位置、所作成分和前文所指代的对象，判定其所使用的性、数、格。表1为代词的不同形式。 表1 代词的不同形式物主代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheirmineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs当括号中给出的提示词是代词时（提示代词都是主格形decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are 是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故69题反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves人称代词主格I（我）meyou（你）youhe（他）himshe（她）herit（它）itwe（我们）usyou（你们）youthey（他们）them填much。第70题根据其后面的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。2.无提示词通常需要填入代词。此时应根据其在句中的位置和所作成分以及所指代的对象填入恰当的代词。近几年高考试题特别青睐于对it的考查，考生要特别注意it作形式主语或形式宾语，代替动名词短语、不定式短语或that从句的情况。当不给提示词的空格处在句中作主语、宾语或表语时， 【考例】①（2020年全国卷I）As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟）and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43 (walk) through a rainforest. 提示词是主格的they，根据句意，此处应表示参观者想象他们自己生活在历史的不同时代或者穿越森林，故应填入反身根据or并列的前后关系可知此处应与living保持平行和一致，故填walking。 代词themselves。第43题括号中给出的提示词是动词walk，【解析】考查代词和非谓语动词。第42题括号中给出的【考例】①（2018年浙江卷）Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. 境并分析句子结构可知，第57题引导定语从句，先行词是人，并且在定语从句中作主语，故填who或that。第58题【解析】考查定语从句的关系词和形式主语it。根据语在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out，故填it。for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. 是“试一试”。根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。【解析】考查固定搭配。give it a try是固定搭配，意思②（2018年全国卷I）If you are time poor, you need run each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. ②（2018年全国卷III）When the gorillas and I frightened 【解析】括号中给出的提示词是主格形式的代词they，31Copyright©博看网 www.bookan.com.cn. All Rights Reserved.｛学科加油站｝·提高站·to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day. 文可知，此处指代the railway，故填it。【解析】空格位于动词后作宾语，应填入代词。根据上③（2017年全国 卷 II ）However, the railway quickly proved 仔细分析，正确理解句意，并且继续向上搜索，找出离该代词最近的名词、短语或句子，以之替换该代词，看句意是否通顺合理。考生解题时须返回原文找出该代词所在的句子，然后【考例】①（2020年新高考全国 卷 I 山东，C篇）9. What A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【解析】考查that替代的事情。请看原文第一段和第二In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer 后指代不一致造成的逻辑错误，考查时往往较为隐蔽。考生要有意识地检查代词指代的对象，从性、数、格三方面进行核对。短文改错题经常设置代词错误。代词的错用主要是前二、短文改错中对代词的考查does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? 【考例】①（2020年全国卷I ）Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished. 冠词的漏用，pan是可数名词，此处指前文提到的平底锅，因此前面加表示特指的the。第二处代词指代逻辑错误，属于“数”的误用。根据前文的“I”以及后面的“I”可知，此处表示“妈妈试图阻止我，但失败了”，故将us改为me。fu in China. ②（2020年全国卷II）Best of luck with yours learning kung 【解析】在pan前面加the，us改为me。第一处错误是段部分内容：in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that…根据文章第一段中的“still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”可知，Tom Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的“that”指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件事。故选D项。 in the text? 本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。因此，划线代词意为：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。动名词前通常使用形容词性物主代词或者代词的宾格作它的逻辑主语，故将yours改为your或you。【解析】yours改为your/you。考查代词属格的误用。句②（2019年全国卷II ，A篇）21. Who does “I” refer to A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.eat things, we may become ill. But he insists on us eating healthy food. 式符号漏用。be forced to do“被迫做某事”是固定搭配。第二处代词逻辑错误，属于“性别”错误。此处指代前面的mom，应使用she。【解析】forced后面加to；he改为she。第一处属于不定③（2020年全国卷III）I tell my mom that if we’re forced 中都出现过。根据文章标题“My Favourite Books”和第一段【解析】考查代词指代对象。四个选项中的人名在文章“Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This top reads.”可知，这篇文章是以Jo Usmar的口吻写作的，因Jo Usmar最喜欢的三本书的作者。word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her 此，第一人称“I”指代的是作者Jo Usmar。其他三个人是③（2017年全国卷 I，C篇）29. What does the underlined A.Jazz becoming more accessible. B.The production of jazz growing faster. C.Jazz being less popular with the young. D.The jazz audience becoming larger.【解析】考查that的替代。请看原文第二段和第三段部或者对某一代词下面划线，考查其指代的意义。英语文章高考阅读理解题中有时会考查某一代词指代的对象，三、阅读理解中对代词的考查中经常使用代词来代替上下文中的名词或名词短语，将上下文内容连贯起来，使前后关系相呼应。文章中的代词it，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔结，才能得出代词所指代的对象或意义。that，this，I，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，较远，需要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总32Copyright©博看网 www.bookan.com.cn. All Rights Reserved.｛学科加油站｝·提高站·分内容：first time.G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.论的是small color choices，这一段谈论的是medium color choices，前后构成对比，故选G项，意思是在这个范围(medium color choices)的颜色选择比small color choices在两个主要方面上有所提升。另外，空格后面的代词They指【解析】该题位于段中，应为承上启下句。上一段谈Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that…·第三段中划线词that是替代词，替代上一段中的内容。根据上文可知，爵士乐听众的数量持续萎缩并且趋于老龄化，这种音乐不能与年轻一代接轨，即不受年轻人喜欢，因此选择C项。in the third letter refers to ______.④（2015年湖南卷， A篇）59. The underlined word “they” A. accidents B. vehicles C. pedestrians D. cyclists代的是medium color choices，并且“They require a bigger effect on the feeling of a space.”也符合G项中“in two major ways”的表述。完形填空题既考查考生的语言知识水平，又检测其分commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful 【解析】 原文：Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.该题指代对象较远。划线处的they与前面的两个they五、完形填空中对代词的利用析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力，是考生颇感棘手的题型。考生在解答完形填空题时要浏览全文，把握故事系、语言褒贬等手段选择符合文意和语境的选项。有时对选中是否有代词出现，如果空格后面的句子出现代词，则往往暗示我们其指代的对象就是要选的答案。情节和情感变化，综合运用前后照应、词汇复现、逻辑关项中的四个名词无法做出判断，这时要注意空格后面的句子指代的是同一对象，要跨越前面两个代词they，到上一段才能找到所指代的名词cyclists，故选D项。以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。所考查设空的句子通常在语境和逻辑两方面与上下文有着密切的关系。如果空格后面句子中出现代词，则考生应充分利用好该代词。因为代词就能够找到它所指代的对象。是指代前面句子中的一个名词或者整个句子，通过代词我们阅读七选五题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构四、阅读七选五中对代词的利用 【考例】①（2017年北京卷）It was a woman, 39 (pushing) an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with 40 . It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. 40. A. goods B. bottles C. foods D. bags现解题。女士购物车里堆满的到底是“商品”“瓶子”“食品”还是“袋子”？根据下一句“似乎这位妇女拥有的一切都在它们里面”可知，应该是“袋子”，故选D项。【解析】由下一句中的them可知，本题可以使用代词复【考例】（2018年全国卷I ，节选）Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. A. While all of them are useful.B. Whatever you’re looking for. C. If you’re experimenting with a color.D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with.E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces.F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the Larry and the other man 56 (backed off) and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 (free) to go. They let him and the other man go. 57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver 题可以借助代词复现解题。Larry问是否他还有需要，问的下文中的代词“They”是复数，四个选项中只有police是集合名词，表示复数，也符合常识，故选B项。【解析】根据上下文语境和下文中的“They”可知，本②（2016年全国卷I）Once fire and emergency people arrived, 对象肯定是这些急救人员（fire and emergency people）了。33Copyright©博看网 www.bookan.com.cn. All Rights Reserved.
