初三英语被动语态学习知识点整理

被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态平时为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随 时态的变化而变化。

以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A meeting was being held when I was there.

7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例 The project will have been completed before July.

被动语态的特别结构形式

1)带神情动词 的被动结构。其形式为：神情动词＋ be＋过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词能够有 两个宾语 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改 为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时， 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4）在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe

to 要省略，但变为被动结构 等后边不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式

时，要加 to 。 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词” ，“动词＋副词”等，也能够用于被动结构， 但要把它们看作一个整体， 不能够分开。 其中的介词或副词也 不能够省略 。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态 don't like being laughed at in the public.

) 。

例 I

初三英语被动语态学习知识点整理

It is said that+从句及其他近似句型

一些表示“听闻”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等能够用于句型“ It＋ be＋过去分词＋ that 从句”或“主语＋ be＋过去分词＋ to do sth.”。有： It is said that, 听闻 ,It is reported that , 据报道，It is believed that , 大家相信 ， It is hoped that , 大家希望 ，It is well known that , 众所周知 ， It is

thought that , 大家认为 ，It is suggested that, 据建议 。 例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1. 英语中有很多动词如 break， catch，clean， drive， lock，open，sell， read，

write ，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特色时， 常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 ,主语平时是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动重申的是主语的特 征，而被动语态则重申外界作用造成的影响。 试比较： The door won't lock． （指门自己有弊端） The door won't be locked ． （指不会有人来锁 门 , 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式 表示被动意义 。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感觉、 感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义