反意疑问句
一 反意疑问句的意义、构成、回答
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
其结构为:陈述句,+简单的问句。
完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。
如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。
对反意疑问句的回答, 无论问题的提法如何, 如果事实是肯定的, 就用yes, 事实是否定的, 就要用no。
★肯否交叉,二位一致;
不管问题,事实回答
一He likes playing football,_________?
一____, he does. /____, he doesn’t.
一His sister didn’t attend the meeting,______?
1
反意疑问句
一Yes, she____. /No, she_____.
二 简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用
1. 当陈述句部分的主语是名词时, 反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。
Your brother has gone to the library, ________?
2. 当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时, 反意疑问句的主语用it代替;
That isn’t a useful book,_____?
指示代词是these, those时, 反意疑问句的主语用they代替。如:
These are important reading materials, ________?
3. 当陈述句部分是I am…时, 反意疑问句部分通常要用aren’t I;
I’m late for the meeting,_______?
如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时, 反意疑问句部分通常要用am I.
I’m not doing well,______?
4. 当陈述句部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, no one, nobody, never, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时, 反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
2
反意疑问句
His sister seldom argues with people, ______?
但 如果陈述句部分是含有带否定前缀或后缀的词(impossible, unhappy, unfit, dislike, …)时, 反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。
It is impossible for him to make such a mistake, ______?
5. 当陈述句部分是everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时, 反意疑问句部分的主语多用they, 但也可用he;
Nobody came when I was out,______?
当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时, 反意疑问句部分的主语用it.
Everything has gone wrong today, ________?
6. 当陈述句部分是“there be+主语+其它”结构时, 反意疑问部分要用“… + there”结构。如:
There are some bananas in the basket, ___________?
7. 陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, ______?
3
反意疑问句
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, ________?
That he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, ________?
8、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况。
(1)have作“有”解时,反意疑问句部分可用have(not)或do(not)的相应形式。
His brother has a new bike, ______he?
(2)have用作实义动词时,反意疑问句部分只可用do(not)的相应形式。
You have lunch at school,_________?
9、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时,反意疑问部分有四种情况
1)must表示“禁止”时即mustn’t,反意疑问部分要用must 。
You mustn’t stop your car here, ________?
2)must表示“有必要”时,反意疑问句部分要用needn’t。
They must finish the work today, ________?
3)当must用来表示“推测”时,意为“一定、必定”
4
反意疑问句
①对现在的情况进行“推测”时,反意疑问句部分要用“isn’t / aren’t / don’t /doesn’t + 主语”
He must be good at maths, ________?
②对过去的情况进行“推测” (must + have done)时(一般句中有过去的时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“wasn’t / weren’t / didn’t + 主语”;
She must have read the novel last week, ________?
③对完成的情况进行“推测” (must + have done)时(一般没有过去时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。
You must have told her about it, ________?
10、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 dare (need) +主语。
We need not do it again, ________?
He dare not say so, ________?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词 do / does/ did + 主语。
She doesn’t dare to go home alone, ________?
11、 当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时,反意疑问句部分要用ought / should
5
反意疑问句
(oughtn’t / shouldn’t) 。
如陈述部分为情态动词used to,反意疑问部分可用 used/did +主语。
如陈述部分为had better,反意疑问部分用hadn’t +主语。
如陈述部分有would rather,疑问部分多用 wouldn’t +主语。
如陈述部分有You’d like to, 疑问部分用wouldn’t +主语。
Such things ought not to be allowed, ________?
The old man used to smoke, ________?
You’d better do it by yourself, ________?
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, ________?
You’d like to go with me, ________?
12、当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的I wish时,反意疑问部分要用may I,而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。
I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day, ________?
13. 感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式
6
反意疑问句
What a foolish child (he is), ________?
三 并列句结构中反意疑问句的运用
并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。当陈述句是由并列连接词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时,反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致,也就是说,对后一分句进行反问。
He was a lazy child, and he didn’t pass the exam, ________?
四 主从复合句结构中反意疑问句的运用
1. 一般情况下, 陈述句部分是主从复合句时, 反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
This is the second time that he has been to Japan, ________?
He said no one could match him in playing chess, ________?
2. 在宾语从句中, 如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+宾语从句”, 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致, 并要注意否定转移。(即I don’t think/suppose/believe /imagine 引导的宾语从句,这种宾语从句的反意疑问句应与从句的主语,谓语部分一致,而且用肯定式的提问。)
I don’t think you have heard of him before, ________?
7
反意疑问句
注意: 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称, 或主语是第一人称, 而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时, 这时, 反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。
Mary thinks you will come to the party, ________?
3. 带有定语从句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, ________?
五 祈使句结构中反意疑问句的运用
1.祈使句的肯定形式,其反意问句表示“请求”时,通常用will you;表示“邀请、劝说”时,用won’t you。
Be sure to write to us, ________?
Close the window, please, ________?
Come to have dinner with us this evening, ________?
2.祈使句的否定形式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ________?
Don’t be late again, ________?
8
反意疑问句
3.变异祈使句,即句首为一呼语,后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句,这时,我们应视为无主语的祈使句结构,反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。
Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, ________?
4. 祈使句构成反意疑问句时, 以Let开头的祈使句除了Let’s, 疑问部分用shall we之外, 其余一律用will you, 在这里并非表示疑问, 而是进一步叮咛嘱托。如:
Let’s go to see the film together, ________?
Let us go to see the film together, ________?
Please complete the following sentences.
(1)You’re a farmer, _______ ____?
(2)The weather isn’t fine, ____ ____?
(3)Kate came here last month, _______ ____?
(4)I don’t think Tom is at home, ___ ____?
(5)There weren’t enough nuts, _____ _____?
(6)There’s a pen in the box, ____ _______?
9
反意疑问句
(7)The man had bread for lunch, ______ __?
(8)Mary can speak little English , ____ ____?
(9)Nothing is wrong with the watch, __ ___?
(10)I'm as tall as your sister,________ ?
(11)I wish to have a word with you, _______?
(12)He must be a doctor, __________?
(13)It is impossible , ________?
(14)He used to take pictures there, _________?
(15)Don't do that again,_________?
(16)You'd better read it by yourself, _________?
(17)Everything is ready, ________?
(18)Everyone knows the answer, ___________?
10