专业英语八级(作文)模拟试卷134(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（作文）模拟试卷134 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. summarize the different responses about free speech on the Internet and their reasons, and then 2. express your opinion towards free speech on the Internet, especially whether the implementation of Internet censorship will undermine the worth of the Internet. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt 1 The Muzzle Grows Tighter Lately, Internet censorship has been the subject of great controversy. Certain individuals feel as though the Internet should be governmentally regulated and censored in order to protect the youth of America. On the other hand, the regulation of material on the Internet would, in fact, violate the right to free speech and expression. In essence, governmental censorship means it would primarily attempt to stop an unintentional effect of certain speech or expression on the Internet; in other words, the government would be opposing the idea of individualism in society. When controlling what people read or view, whether in a book or on a computer monitor, the government limits people’s ideas and their thought capacities. Frederick Schauer, a law professor stated “ Freedom of speech meant not only freedom from any form of governmental control, but also freedom from private social pressures that could also inhibit thought and opinion”. As citizens of the United States, individuals have the right to be free from governmental control that inhibits thoughts, ideas, and free expression. Every individual in America has the right to read or view whatever book or magazine they choose. How should this be different from viewing the same type of material on the Internet? The Internet is an interactive experience in which the user selects what he or she will view. Also, Internet technology does not allow people who post information to control those receive it. Overall, the Internet is an extremely different form of media, but that fact should not subject it to different censorship laws. Excerpt 2 Internet Censorship China has defended its right to censor the Internet in a document showing the government’s attitude towards the web. It says the country has the right to govern the Internet according to its own rules inside its borders. The white paper also reveals just how fast the Internet has developed in China in the past 16 years since it was first connected. By 2015,the country had 6,88 billion Internet users. The white paper, released on Tuesday, called the Internet “a crystallization of human wisdom”. But in the document the government lays out some of the reasons why its citizens cannot get access to all of that wisdom. It says it wants to curb the harmful effects of illegal information on state security, public interests and children. “ Laws and regulations clearly prohibit the spread of information that contains content subverting state power, undermining national unity or infringing upon national honor and interests,” it says. Websites, blogs and information deemed sensitive by the Chinese government is routinely blocked using a range of technological tools, dubbed the Great Firewall of China. The country’s state secrets law has just been amended in a way that makes Internet and telecommunications firms now responsible for

helping the government police the web. In another section, China reaffirms its determination to govern the Internet within its borders according to its own rules. “Within Chinese territory the Internet is under the jurisdiction of Chinese sovereignty. The Internet sovereignty of China should be respected and protected,” it says. It adds that foreign individuals and firms can use the Internet in China, but they must abide by the country’s laws.

正确答案： On Internet Censorship Against Free Speech on the Internet Lately, Internet censorship against free speech on the Internet has been the subject of great controversy. Those who oppose the harsh censorship think that it is a violation of free speech and expression protected by the law. The advocates, the Chinese government for example, argue that it is national duty to curb the harmful effects of illegal information spread over the Internet whose sovereignty must be protected. Personally, we should take a holistic approach to this issue. In a sense, we are living in a golden age of free speech where our smartphones can connect us with the other side of the world within seconds and our access to Wikipedia leads us into a digital heaven. Thanks to free speech, the bedrock of liberty, we can bask in the reservoir of information. Besides our conveniences to absorb knowledge, free speech necessitates itself in another two aspects. Firstly, it is the best defense against bad government. As an old saying goes: “ To err is human”, politicians who err should be open to unfettered criticism which helps them understand how their policies misfire. Authoritarian powers lock themselves in a deadlock where they may go as blind as a bat. Secondly, free debate sorts good ideas from bad ones. Science cannot develop unless old certainties are questioned. Ill-informed statistics misguide leaders into wrong policymaking. In a word, as Amartya Sen, a Nobel laureate, has pointed out: “ No democracy with a free press has experienced a major famine. “ However, it is still necessary to differentiate free speech for the purpose of debate from the discussions intended to insult, discriminate or inflame illegal passions. Mouthy yet non-violent dissidents may be pardoned and spared but information aimed at breaching national security, inciting violence, or offending other with ill intentions must be censored. Hopefully, in the rough-and-tumble world of the Internet as well as in the real world, we should, first and foremost, still consider respect and tolerance of different opinions as a virtue.

解析： 本题讨论的是网络言论自由这个话题。选段1认为人们在不同媒介包括网络上都应该有言论表达自由权；选段2认为出于一些原因的考虑，迫切需要对网络言论自由实行审查制度，但一些人对此做法也提出了质疑和批评。本题要求首先概括人们对网络言论自由的不同观点及原因，然后提出自己的观点，尤其要对网络审查制度的实行是否会影响网络建立的初衷进行讨论。 知识模块：作文

2． The following two excerpts are about the real name registration system, which, despite urgent calls from some netizens to purify the cyber space, has met challenges. From the excerpts, you can find the justification of real name registration system online but there have been also complaints and criticism about it. Write an

article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize the different opinions about the real name registration system, and then 2. express your opinion towards whether real name registration system should be imposed. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Real Name Registration System China is deliberating the possibility of implementing a “background” real name registration system that allows Internet users to comment online under pseudonyms after registering their personal information with the authorities. The purported targets are the usual suspects: libel, fraud, pornography, and rumor. Hu Qiheng, Chairman of the Internet Society of China announced the rules for the new system at INFO China 2006, a conference promoting information industry, held on Tuesday. Hu Qiheng said real name policy would be implemented in an attempt to strike a balance between individual privacy rights and public interest. The policy will require blog and BBS users to provide authorities with their real names, ID card and other personal identification information, but allow them to preserve their online anonymity. Hu Qiheng said the right to personal privacy has been overemphasized in the debate over real-name registration. She added some countries have carried out real name registration, showing the world has realized the need for a balance between personal privacy and public and national interest. Hu Qiheng said all personal information would be kept private as long as users obey the law and refrain from causing public harm. People who violate these principles will have their information released to the public and be supervised by relevant authorities. As an organization seeking to strengthen communication between the Internet industry and the government, the Internet Society of China has played a leading role in combating spam, malicious software and Internet pirates, as well as promoting a green Internet, providing a healthy Internet environment for children. Excerpt 2 Real Name Registration Under Attack Real name registration has applied to Sina Weibo and many other popular microblogs in China for over a year now. However, free speech advocates have raised legitimate concerns since freedom of speech, however offensive, is constitutionally protected from government sanction or censorship in most countries in the world. In fact, implementing real name registration is easier said than done. Obviously, online service providers and citizens have incentives to comply with the policy or else risk serious punishment. But they may have better reasons to resist. It’s fair to ask: Do the relevant government agencies have the wherewithal to force the issue? Successful implementation of this policy will vary depending on the type of media. We have social-driven social media and content-driven social media. Platforms like , which are largely social-driven—that is, structured around interpersonal relationships—are going to have an easier time getting users to comply with real name policies compared with more content-driven platforms like microblogs. Users of microblogs generally care more about what is being tweeted—the content —rather than who is doing the tweeting. This helps explain why many Weibo users don’t care that information is coming from unknown sources. In fact, anonymously generated content may be exactly the kind of

juicy tidbits that microblog users have signed on to see. Taking this one step further, if real name registration were successfully implemented, and anonymity were effectively banned on the Internet, that would likely degrade content in the eyes of platform users and probably drive users away from China’s popular microblogs.

正确答案： Let’s Welcome Real Name Registration System The rampant online frauds of various kinds has brought the real name register system into the limelight. Supporters view it as a weapon against harmful news with a background real name registry while keeping the online anonymity. Opponents worry that it may violate people’s free speech right and it may cost the government a great deal to drive it. Furthermore, doubters think that due to different types of media, it is not necessary to implement real name to all channels at all. Nowadays, the Internet brings us a kaleidoscopic world in which we bathe, we bask and sometimes we drown. Information, be it reliable or not overwhelms the Internet so much so that it would be difficult for us to discriminate. Worse still, the rampant crimes camouflaged in cloaks do make it a headache even for professional network police. So how should we solve this delicate problem? So we need to implement the real name registration system. For one thing, it would be much easier for us to refer to the informed knowledge in certain fields with the real name experts enrolled in them. Information from professionals can save us much time and energy in differentiating the true from the false. For another, real name registration system is a rather effective way to curb on-line misdeeds and crimes. On the one hand, real name registration can alleviate the chaotic state of rumors. With real names signed there, rumormongers with ill intention would be easily traced and punished, therefore they dare not sling mud at someone else without giving it a second thought. More importantly, this requirement can definitely lower the rate of the Internet frauds. For those who have malicious intention unrealized, this system can kill it in embryo; for those who are daunting enough to have risked, it would be a moment of time to track them down and bring them to justice. Some say that real name registration, if mishandled, can be a threat to our privacy as well as a violation of our human rights. However, nothing goes well without any price. For the former worry, it can be dealt with successfully with the improvement of technology and for the latter woe, if we netizens follow the moral principles voluntarily, real name registration wouldn’t be an issue at all.

解析： 本题讨论的话题是网络实名制。选段1以中国推广网络实名制为例，列举了这项措施的好处。选段2则从保护言论自由的角度出发对网络实名制提出反对意见，并且提到如今的技术和资金对于推广实名制来说困难重重。然后又把网络媒介进行了分类，指出实名制并不适合所有媒介类别。本题写作的重点在于首先概括选段要点，其次就是否应该推行网络实名制阐述自己的观点。 知识模块：作文

3． Much as we enjoy the convenience the Internet brings us, the threat to our privacy is getting more and more serious. We should not ignore the danger brought by this violation of our privacy. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should; 1. summarize briefly the

different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Today, as companies strive to personalize the services and advertisements they provide over the Internet, the surreptitious collection of personal information is rampant. The very idea of privacy is under threat. Most of us view personalization and privacy as desirable things, and we understand that enjoying more of one means giving up some of the other. To have goods, services and promotions tailored to our personal circumstances and desires, we need to divulge information about ourselves to corporations, governments or other outsiders. This trade-off has always been part of our lives as consumers and citizens. But now, thanks to the Net, we’re losing our ability to understand and control those trade-offs—to choose, consciously and with awareness of the consequences, what information about ourselves we disclose and what we don’t. Incredibly detailed data about our lives are being harvested from online databases without our awareness, much less our approval. We often assume that we’re anonymous as we go about our business online. As a result, we treat the Net not just as a shopping mall but as a personal diary. Through the sites we visit and the searches we make, we disclose details not only about our jobs, hobbies, families, politics and health, but also about our secrets, fantasies, even our minor offences. But our sense of anonymity is largely an illusion. Pretty much everything we do online is recorded, stored in cookies and corporate databases, and connected to our identities, either explicitly through our user names, credit-card numbers and the IP addresses assigned to our computers, or implicitly through our searching, surfing and purchasing histories. Years ago, a team of scholars from the University of Minnesota described how easy it is for data-mining software to create detailed personal profiles of individuals. The software is based on a simple principle: People tend to leave lots of little pieces of information about themselves and their opinions in many different places on the Web. By identifying correspondences among the data, sophisticated algorithms can identify individuals with extraordinary precision. And it’s not a big leap from there to discovering the people’s names. While Internet companies may be complacent about the erosion of personal privacy, the rest of us should be wary. There are real dangers. First and most obvious is the possibility that our personal data will fall into the wrong hands. Powerful data-mining tools are available not only to legitimate corporations and researchers, but also to con men and creeps. Criminal syndicates can use stolen information about our identities to commit financial fraud, and stalkers can use locational data to track our whereabouts. A second danger is the possibility that personal information may be used to influence our behavior and even our thoughts in ways that are invisible to us. Personalization’s evil twin is manipulation. As mathematicians and marketers refine data-mining algorithms, they gain more precise ways to predict people’s behavior as well as how they’ll react when they’re presented with online ads and other digital stimuli. The greatest danger posed by the continuing erosion of personal privacy is that it may lead us as a society to devalue the concept of privacy, to see it as outdated and unimportant. That would be a tragedy.

Privacy is not just a screen we hide behind when we do something naughty or embarrassing; privacy is intrinsic to the concept of liberty. When we feel that we’re always being watched, we begin to lose our sense of self-reliance and free will and, along with it, our individuality. Privacy is not only essential to life and liberty; it’s essential to the pursuit of happiness, in the broadest and deepest sense. We human beings are not just social creatures; we’re also private creatures. The way that we choose to define the boundary between our public self and our private self will vary greatly from person to person, which is exactly why it’s so important to be ever vigilant in defending everyone’s right to set that boundary as he or she sees fit.

正确答案： Internet Privacy Much as we enjoy the convenience brought by the Internet, we are sometimes unaware of the intrusion of our privacy via the Net because many of the things we do online are recorded by data-digging software. This violation of privacy may have serious consequences such as the possibility of the Internet criminal acts, unconscious manipulation of our thoughts based on the profile made by the stolen information left by us and worst of all the devaluation of the concept of privacy. In nature, intrusion into privacy is a crime against our liberty and happiness. Despite the lavish feast brought about by the Internet we relish every day, we have to admit that more frequently than ever, we are mired in the pothole of online security being breached and personal data being plundered. Incredibly myriad data about our lives are being harvested from the traces we leave on the Internet. This data-digging, either for the targeted advertisers or malicious cons and creeps, has eroded our privacy. One consequence is that our personal data may fall into the wrong hands, who can wantonly use the stolen information to commit crimes of various kinds. Another consequence is that it would be a violation of the privacy which is supposed to be mere when we surf the Internet. If whenever we go about our business online, we find someone else looking at our shoulder “electronically” , it would not only be a chilling lesson for our ethics but also the fiercest assault of our liberty. The very idea of free will and free speech ensured by the anonymity of the Internet might evaporate upon data-mining software run by either well-intended or ill-intended individuals or organizations. To solve this problem, privacy products should be developed and promoted. But a deeper look at this issue tells us that harsh punishment and moral lessons should be imposed on those data-vultures. Only in this way can the enshrined privacy be fully guaranteed.

解析： 本题探讨的是互联网与个人隐私之间的关系。题目要求简要概括所给材料中的观点，并发表自己的评论。在具体行文方面，考生可以开篇点题，简要概括材料中的观点。第二、三段可以提出自己对这一问题的观点，并说明理由。最后一段总结全文，提出建议。 知识模块：作文

4． Singles’ Day has been hailed as another victory by modern society in terms of commercialism. Businessmen view it as a gold mine for money-digging while the netizens sing high praise for the convenience it brings us. How should we view this newly man-made festival? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize

briefly the author’s opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Let’s Not Discount Human Touch Next Nov. 11 I had a punishing day’s shopping recently. In less than an hour, I bought 12 liter-cartons of milk, the same number of boxes of breakfast cereal, 10 hairy crabs, a dozen pairs of socks, and a replacement laptop power cable. The next day it was all delivered straight to my door, neatly packed and alive. Welcome to China’s most efficient and expanding industry: Online shopping. When I left Edinburgh, the above list might have meant a whole weekend of much blood, sweat and irritation. In Beijing, however, the opposites apply. I am embarrassed to say, my list was all bought sitting in bed. This is the ultimate in modern convenience and a gold mine for the delivery and retail sectors. But I can’t help thinking it’s becoming a killer for society. Retailers across China will no doubt be toasting another bumper Nov. 11 shopping festival. Alibaba reported that about 91.2 billion yuan was spent on Nov. 11. That was 60 percent higher than the 57. 1 billion yuan it took on Nov. 11 last year. In my view, festivals are about mingling with happy people, listening to music, enjoying each other’s company. They’re not about sitting boggled in front of a PC, laptop, tablet or mobile, essentially spending for the sake of spending. In just five years, Nov. 11 has become commercialism on a vulgar scale—much like Christmas has in the West. In Edinburgh, I lived in Stockbridge. There’s a 40-year-old cheese shop, a delicatessen, a hardware store, a stationer, two small supermarkets, a butcher, a fresh-fish shop, even a chocolatier: All within striking distance of each other. At the weekend, families stroll about with armfuls of real shopping bags, having conversations with real neighbors, actually interacting with their fellow Edinburgers. I fully appreciate not everyone has this luxury of such quirky shop windows on their doorsteps. Being able to source thousands of online goods, conveniently from home is amazing and impressive. But have we all become just too used to clicking a mouse than using our own two feet to go out for a nice piece of old-fashioned retail therapy? I feel we’ve already got to the point that choosing this rather slothful keyboard opinion is a breeding ground for a more sedentary and unsociable society. What about actual shops? Already, millions are being shuttered around the world. And those that do survive may very well be run by artificially intelligent shop assistant applications or robots—not much chat over the counter in those. Indoors, too, all-purpose robots are already doing the housework. Sensors in future could also obviate other chores, with your fridge and cupboards programmed to place orders for you. I would rather like not having my life ruled by electronics—especially those I can’t look in the eye, or say hello to. So, instead of Nov. 11, how about “Get Off Your Posterior, and Go and Do Something for Yourself” Day?

正确答案： My View on Online Purchase After a frenetic purchase of loads of unnecessary things from the Internet on Singles’ Day, the author feels remorseful and puts retrospection on this event. Instead of catering to the hail over the

triumph of an ever higher sale made by online shopping on this day, the author lists its disadvantages such as vulgar commercialism, social isolation and devastating effects on actual shops which have to shutter one by another. In the end, the author calls for the Singles’ Day next year to be the one with real human touch. This year’s Singles’ Day witnesses another market mayhem thanks to online shopping. When people hail the boon of it, sober minds see it not always brimmed with promises for us all. Despite a hefty dose of profits that online shopping offers to us, it also creates a new chill in the air. Firstly, it aggravates social isolation. Since a click of the mouse can make whatever we want delivered to our doors, people no longer spend their leisure time roaming around actual shops with their family and friends. This, in return, will pull us further apart from each other. Secondly, though online shopping boosts some industries such as delivery and e-commerce, it also afflicts traditional ones. Actual shops shut down one by another; worse still, related industries such as infrastructure and traffic system have been affected to no small extent. Finally, in its crazed pursuit of customer dollars, many shoddy goods overwhelm online shops, making it a headache both for the watchdog of these shops and us ordinary buyers. To summarize, whether on Singles’ Day or not, the thing that matters is not solely the goods we buy which can only feed our body, but rather, the real human touch which can get us through either traumatic times or peaceful ones. Let’s take a panoramic view of online shopping on every Singles’ Day.

解析： 本题探讨的是中国11月11日“单身节”这一现象。题目要求简要概括所给材料中作者的观点，并发表自己的评论。在具体行文方面，考生可以开篇点题，简要概括作者在“单身节”这天的经历和由此产生的对“双十一”网购狂潮的看法；第二部分可以提出自己对这一问题的看法，并给出论据支持论点；最后一段总结全文，重述论点，提出建议。 知识模块：作文