2020高考英语二轮复习主旨大意题专练

主旨大意题专练

A

(2019·泰州高三模拟考试)As I stuck in the mud (泥), with my bike on top of me, I wondered what had forced me to come here.Madagascar is not a good place for a cycling holiday: one of the world’s poorest countries, only 11 percent of roadway is paved (铺)．South of the town of Antalaha, where I started, the road was in worse condition.

I appeared from a week in the wilderness and reached the start of the Route National 5 at Maroantsetra, but my dream of a smooth road and speed was suddenly destroyed by mud.The “worst road in the country” changed my bicycle into

a

burden

(

负

担

)

for

days.Finally,

I__was__claimed__by__the__road．Tired.Alone.

As I wiped (擦) the mud from my face and looked upwards, I was greeted by a Malagasy man.He helped me stand up and smiled playfully while he pointed to my bike, which sat next to his.I started again.But I fell again in the mud.Angrily, I told him to go on, but if he understood he showed no sign of it.His smile forced me

back onto the bike.We continued like this for hours.But I fell less.Studying my quick guide, slowly I learned.As we passed through a village, a group of children saw me and shouted loudly.His only words were: “Their parents tell them white people steal and eat them.Funny, no？”

I tried to ask why, but he had already set off.I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up.We raced along the road.I rode a little faster and I was just behind, about to catch up with him.With a smile, he sped up and was away, leaving me breathless.

【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在非洲马达加斯加骑行遇到困难的时候，一位当地人激励自己继续骑行的故事。

1．What was in the author’s mind when he was in the mud?

A．He considered his experience a special pleasure.

B．He made up his mind to continue challenging himself.

C．He tried to think out a new road for cycling in Antalaha.

D．He regretted having the cycling holiday in Madagascar.

答案 D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的I wondered what had forced me to come here及下文对马达加斯加当地路况的介绍可知，作者来到这里骑行发现路况很差，这让他后悔不已。]

2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．The author chose another road.

B．The author decided to ask for help.

C．The author lay on the road for a rest.

D．The author had no confidence to ride on.

答案 D [句意理解题。根据第二段中的but my dream of a smooth road...for days及Tired.Alone.可知，泥泞的道路使孤独的作者疲惫不堪，让他失去了继续骑行的信心。]

3．How did the Malagasy man help the author?

A．By showing him the right way.

B．By wiping the mud from his bike.

C．By riding in front of him all the way.

D．By teaching him how to ride in the mud.

答案 C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的Studying my quick guide及第四段中的I tried to catch up；as I got closer，he took it as a challenge and sped up可知，那

个马达加斯加男人一直在作者前面骑行来鼓励他。]

4．What’s the best title for the text?

A．A lonely trip

B．A bicycle race

C．A lesson in cycling

D．A road in Madagascar

答案 C [标题归纳题。根据文中作者在骑行遇到困难时，一位当地人鼓励他前行可知，C项符合题意。]

B

The British royal family live their lives in the public eye, but there’s one thing that not many people know：Their last name.That’s simply because, in general, they’re so famous that they are easily identifiable without one.But when members of the royal family need to use a last name—when they’re in school or in the military (), for example—they actually have a few choices.Here’s a breakdown of all their options—and how it got to be this way in the first place.

Before 1917, royals didn’t use last names at all.Back then, royalty had only their first names and the name of the house or dynasty they were part of.You’ve

probably heard of some of these dynasty names, like the House of Tudor and the House of York.

In 1917, King George V decided to change the house name from Saxe－Coburg－Gotha to Windsor.But he wasn’t just changing the dynasty name.George V also specified that Windsor was to become the royal family’s official surname, too.Today, the royal family is still known as the House of Windsor，and in a general sense, Windsor is still the royal last name.

In 1947, Princess Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten.Just a few years later, Elizabeth’s father died，making her Queen Elizabeth II.Mountbatten became Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.In 1960, Elizabeth and Philip wanted to make their branch of the royal family tree different from the others.They decided that their children would use the last name Mountbatten－Windsor.

But royals don’t always use the Mountbatten－Windsor name.Some members have used the name of their family’s territory (领地)instead.For example: When Prince William and Prince Harry served in the army, they used the names William Wales and Harry Wales—because their father is the Prince of Wales.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。英国皇室成员虽然都是公众人物，但很少有人知道他们姓什么，本文对此做了简要介绍。

5．What can we infer about the British royal family?

A．Their members must serve in the army.

B．Their surnames change with the dynasty.

C．Their surnames are ignored by most people.

D．Their members all have their own territories.

答案 C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的there’s one thing that not many people know：Their last name.That’s simply because...they’re so famous that they are easily identifiable without one可以推知，皇室成员因为太有名，所以他们的姓就被大多数人忽略了。]

6．Which of the following can replace the under lined word “breakdown” in Paragraph 1?

A．List. B．Review.

C．Result. D．Principle.

答案 A [词义猜测题。根据下文对英国皇室成员的姓的介绍可以推知，breakdown在此意为“细目、分类”，故选A项。]

7．What is the text mainly about?

A．The history of the British dynasty.

B．The family tree of the British royals.

C．The origin of the British royal family.

D．The last names of the British royal family.

答案 D [主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了英国皇室成员的姓的由来和发展，故D项正确。]

8．How does the author organize the text?

A．By giving examples.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By following the order of time.

D．By following the order of importance.

答案 C [写作手法题。根据文章中依次出现的Before 1917，In 1917，In 1947，In 1960可知，作者主要是按时间顺序来组织文章的。]

C

It can be truly terrifying to fall through ice on a frozen lake, but if you remain calm, it can save your life.Most people don’t realize that you have more time than

you think.This is due to the concept of body temperature and how your body deals with the shocking cold that immediately covers the body.

As you first hit the freezing water, you will almost immediately breathe quickly.It is important that you remember to get control of your breathing and not to move around.It can help to remember the “1－10－1 principle.” This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing, and then you have 10 minutes to move before you get too cold.The final one is to remind you that it will take one hour before you become unconscious.

Take that first minute and fully focus on your breathing.Slow it down, and then look around to see if you can locate the thickest area of ice.When you locate the ice, stretch your arms over the surface, and then begin to flutter－kick (上下打水) until your body becomes horizontal with the surface.Kick hard and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water.

It is possible that you can live for several hours after passing out if you can get out of the freezing water.This, however, does require some planning.You only have about 10 minutes after falling in before your muscles and nerves become too cold to work.If you feel too weak to get out, place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain still.The point is to encourage your coat to freeze to the ice，so that if you lose consciousness, you will keep your head out of ice.Additionally, you will remain visible for rescue, even if you pass out.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了掉入冰窟后该遵循的原则以及如何自救或

等待救援。

9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A．Keeping calm.

B．Pushing through ice.

C．Having enough time.

D．Dealing with the cold.

答案 A [代词指代题。联系第一段中的if you remain calm，it can save your life可知，掉入冰窟后你有足够的时间自救，因此保持镇定可以挽救你的性命。]

10．What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．How to use the first minute.

B．How to locate the thickest ice.

C．How to control the floating ice.

D．How to pull yourself onto the ice.

答案 D [段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了掉入冰窟的人该如何让自己爬上冰面。故

D项正确。]

11．What advice does the author give in the last paragraph?

A．Take off your coat.

B．Do some workouts.

C．Keep your head above water.

D．Relax your muscles and nerves.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的you can live for several hours after passing out if you can get out of the freezing water和you will remain visible for rescue可知，作者建议把头露出冰面，因为这样既可增加存活时间，也容易被救援的人看到。]

A

(2019·孝感调研考试)Can you imagine being able to remember every single experience of your life and every word in your favorite book? That’s what Becky’s life is like, and as wonderful as it sounds, it can also be quite terrifying (可怕的) at times.

Three years ago, Becky was reading a newspaper article which mentioned that it was impossible for people to remember the details of their life in the first three years.“What nonsense (胡说八道)！” she thought, because she could clearly remember her life all the way back to when she was just 12 days old.Her parents had carried her to the driver’s seat of their car and laid her down for a photo.But it wasn’t nonsense.She was just one of only 80 known people who have a condition called HSAM (Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory)．

Becky’s unusual condition was recently shown on a program called 60

Minutes, where reporter Allison tested her ability by asking her questions about

her favorite book series, Harry Potter.Allison would pick up a book and open a page and read her a line.Immediately Becky would name the book, chapter number, chapter name and could recite every word until Allison told her to stop.

Being able to remember every little detail is a great ability, but as every person with HSAM will tell you, it can be very hard to deal with.Forgetting is one of the things we use to get over sad experiences in our lives, but it’s something that people like Becky are unable to do.Even walking on the street and lightly bumping (撞)into somebody brings back memories from Becky’s childhood, when a boy knocked her over.She’s taken right back to that time, living the experience all over again.Also, like Becky, people with HSAM never do well in school, because they have problems filtering (过滤) through all the information, remembering only the important bits.

Becky’s special brain could help scientists find a way to treat people with

terrible illnesses like Alzheimer’s.Her condition could hold the secret to treating or even preventing Alzheimer’s.

【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。超强自传体记忆患者Becky能记住出生以来发生的事情。拥有如此强大的记忆力看似是一件好事，但也给她带来了困扰。

1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A．What people with HSAM feel like.

B．Why HSAM is unfamiliar to people.

C．How Becky knew she was different.

D．How Becky spent her early childhood.

答案 C [段落大意题。第二段提到三年前Becky在读报的时候发现自己与正常人不同，C项能够概括本段大意。]

2．Why was Becky asked questions on 60 Minutes?

A．To help treat her illness.

B．To advertise Harry Potter.

C．To test her ability to remember.

D．To encourage other kids to read.

答案 C [细节理解题。由第三段中的where reporter Allison tested her ability by asking her questions可知，在这个节目里，记者通过让Becky回答问题来测试她的记忆力。]

3．Which of the following troubles Becky?

A．She can’t forget her painful experience.

B．She feels tired remembering everything.

C．She can’t get along well with other kids.

D．She is different from other kids her age.

答案 A [推理判断题。由第四段中的Even walking on the street...living the experience all over again可知，Becky想要忘记生命中痛苦的经历是非常难的。]

4．Why does Becky do poorly at school?

A．She feels sad every time she studies.

B．She remembers too much reformation.

C．She can’t deal with difficult problems.

D．She can’t understand the teacher in class.

答案 B [细节理解题。由第四段中的they have problems filtering (过滤) through all the information，remembering only the important bits可知，Becky把所有知识都记得一清二楚，她无法过滤掉次要信息从而只记住重要知识，因此学习成绩不好。]

B

(2019·厦门高三模拟考试)“We grow trees that are 35 storeys (楼层) tall，so why do our building standards limit timber (木材)buildings to only five storeys？” said architect Michael Green.

Green himself produced a book in 2012 called Tall Wood, which explored in detail the design of tall commercial buildings using engineered timber (木质人造板) products throughout.Since then he has completed the Wood Innovation and Design Centre at the University of North British Columbia which, at 29.25 metres (effectively eight storeys), is currently considered as the tallest modern timber building in North America.

Green’s 29.25－metre－tall wooden building is not alone.Across the world, more engineered timber structures are rising from the ground.The Stadthaus in Hackney, London is a nine－storey building including 29 apartments, constructed almost entirely from solid wood.The ten－storey timber Forté Building in Melbourne, Australia, appeared shortly afterwards, and then a 14－storey apartment block in Bergen, Norway, was completed only weeks ago.Scheduled to

be completed in 2023 will be the 34－storey block in Sweden’s capital city Stockholm，which will push the boundaries of timber construction to new limits.

The technology provides strength, stability and，most importantly, a convenient way of locking in considerable amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide.This ability to use a renewable material to provide a positive reaction to a key environmental issue facing the construction industry, namely global warming, is nothing short of revolutionary.The use of concrete is already responsible for 5% of the greenhouse gas that is given off in the atmosphere.

The idea of using timber for taller buildings is still in the early days of being accepted across the industry, but will we see this tendency extend to other cities around the world in the near future？Given the world’s growing need for new housing, it is highly likely that engineered timber structures will take a leading role.As well as the major benefits to the environment, other important attractions include the speed of construction.If so, they will entirely change the way we think about wooden construction.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。用木材建造高楼比较环保，可能会成为未来的趋势。

5．What can we learn about Michael Green?

A．He designed a 20－storey commercial building.

B．He is an advocate of tall timber buildings.

C．He intended to grow more tall trees.

D．He is a university professor.

答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的why do our building standards limit timber (木材) buildings to only five storeys？和第二段内容可知，Green不仅写书探索木质高楼，而且还用木材建造了约8层高的建筑，由此不难看出，他倡导用木材建筑高楼。]

6．What is the biggest advantage of using timber for taller buildings?

A．It lowers the costs of construction.

B．It involves simpler technology.

C．It is environmentally friendly.

D．It helps to improve safety.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的a convenient way of locking in considerable amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide及a renewable material可知，木质高楼最大的好处是环保。]

7．How does the author feel about the future of timber buildings?

A．He is surprised at it. B．He worries about it.

C．He is hopeful of it. D．He doubts it.

答案 C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Given the world’s growing need for new housing，it is highly likely that engineered timber structures will take a leading role可知，作者对木质高楼的未来充满希望。 ]

8．What does the text mainly discuss?

A．Some common construction problems.

B．Michael Green’s major contribution.

C．Some well－known architects.

D．A new trend in architecture.

答案 D [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了木质高楼蓬勃发展的现状及其优势，因此本文主要讨论了这种新的建筑趋势。]

C

Something’s happening at the lowest point on our planet.

The Dead Sea, a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west, is shrinking (缩小) at an alarming rate—about 3.3 feet per year, according to the environmentalist group EcoPeace Middle East.And human

actions are largely to blame.

“It’s not just like one country is punishing the Dead Sea; it’s more like the whole area，” said photographer Moritz Küstner, who visited the area in February to work on his series “The Dying Dead Sea.”

The Dead Sea needs water from the other natural sources surrounding it, such as the Jordan River basin.But around the 1960s, some of the water sources it relied upon were diverted (使改道)．Israel，for instance, built a pipeline during that time so it could supply water throughout the country.

Mineral extraction (开采) industries are another main reason the water levels are falling, experts say.The Dead Sea’s minerals have been used as medicine and can often be found in cosmetics (化妆品) and other consumer products.

And then, of course, there’s the Middle East’s hot, dry climate, which makes it difficult for the lake to replenish itself.

Last year, Israel and Jordan signed a $900 million deal in an effort to keep the Dead Sea’s water levels stable.It includes building a canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea which would be able to not only supply water to Israel and Jordan but also to pump water into the Dead Sea.

But for now, Küstner shows us that the Dead Sea remains very much a place of interest, with people from all over the world going there to swim in its salty waters.

The Dead Sea, known as the Salt Sea in the language of Hebrew, is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world.And because of what has been happening over the years, the salt is only getting saltier.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。根据中东环境问题专家的观察，死海的面积正在以惊人的速度缩小，本文分析了导致这一问题的原因。

9．How many reasons for the Dead Sea’s shrinking does the author mention in the text?

A．One. B．Two.

C．Three. D．Four.

答案 C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的The Dead Sea needs water...it relied upon were diverted (使改道)，第五段中的Mineral extraction (开采) industries are...are falling及第六段中的the Middle East’s hot，dry climate可知，死海面积缩小有三个原因：源头减少、矿物开采和中东炎热干燥的气候。]

10．What can we learn about the Dead Sea’s minerals?

A．They have practical value.

B．They are controlled by Israel.

C．They can be extracted very easily.

D．They are mainly used in heavy industry.

答案 A [推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，死海中的矿物质可以用作药物，也可以用来制作化妆品和其他消费品，因此说这些矿物质具有实用价值。]

11．What does the underlined word “replenish” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．To clean something.

B．To improve something.

C．To fill something again.

D．To find something again.

答案 C [词义猜测题。根据第六段语境可知，中东炎热干燥的环境导致死海很难自行“恢复和补充”水分。]

12．What would be the best title for the text?

A．What we should do to save the Dead Sea

B．More people travel to the Dead Sea

C．Why the Dead Sea is salty

D．The Dead Sea is drying out

答案 D [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要告诉我们死海面积正在以惊人的速度缩小，而且分析了导致这一问题的原因，故D项最适合作本文标题。]