英语的基本成分有：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语。句子分为简单句，并列句和复合句。
简单句又有五种类型：主+谓， 主语+谓语+宾语，主语+系动词+表语，主语+谓语+宾语+宾补, 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。
主语是句子所要描述的对象，是最主要的成分。可以做主语的有：名词，代词，数词，不定时，Ing形式，从句等。
Our school is very beautiful. / That is all I need. / Three is enough for both of us. /To make great progress is not easy. Seeing is believing. /That he did not give in his homework on time made the teacher disappointed.
谓语表述主语的动作或所处的状态，是英语时态、语态变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。不及物动词后面不加宾语，也没有被动。 Time is running out. We run out of the time.
表语与系动词构成复合结构，用来说明主语的特征，属性，状态，身份等。系动词分两类: be, look, keep, stay, remain, seem等表情况; get, grow, become, turn等表变化。还有感官动词look ，sound, feel ，smell等。单词，短语，从句都可作表语。
The world is a book. （名词做表语）You are many, but they are few. 代词she was the first to arrive but the last to leave. 数词Please feel free to say what you really think. 形容词My wish is to be a good teacher. 不定式.Is anybody in ? 副词
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语是动作的承受者或结果， Who know the answer? / I need help. 间接宾语表示动作是对谁做或为谁做的。He gives me a book. me 是间接宾语，book是直接宾语，因为give的只能是book而不能是me.
定语是用来修饰限定名词或代词的。He is a hard working student. This is a stone table. I want to do something interesting. This is the best way to solve the problem. 状语是用来修饰形容词，动词，副词。可以表示原因，目的，时间，地点，结果，比较，程度等。Tom works hard. (hard 是副词，用来修饰动词work)Tom works very hard.(very 是副词，用来修饰另一个副词hard.) we eat to live not live to eat. The boy went home, hungry and tired.形容词做状语
补语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语，宾补是位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词,
不定式,动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，这是判断宾语补足语的重要依据。. He asked me to come back soon. They painted the door green.当含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动时，宾语补足语就变为主语补足语。We found him dead.的dead 为宾补，He was found dead. dead 此时则变为主语补足语。
同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”)
We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”) They each can get the chance to travel by air. 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句中间加并列连词构成的，常见的并列连词有and , but, however, yet, while, or, so ,therefore, thus, for, not only……but also, neither ……nor, either ……or. You can play with them and they will not hurt you. You need to study harder or you will not pass the exam.
All happy families are alike, but each unhappy family is unhappy in his own way.
复合句是由从属连词引导的两个或多个简单句。常见的从属连词有when, who, what, as if 等。 Where there is a will, there is a way. All things are difficult before they are easy.
以下的是英语中的习语，大家抄在笔记本上，并且找到相应的汉语谚语，最后分析句子成分，是属于简单句，并列句还是复合句，如果属于简单句那是属于五种简单句的哪一种。
Seeing is believing./ A slow sparrow should make an early start. / Going too far is as bad as not going far enough. / Everything comes to him who waits. Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. / Harmony brings wealth. /To err is mortal; to forgive is saint. / Where there is life, there is hope. / A timely snow promises a good harvest. / Man’s nature at birth is good. / Where there is a will, there is a way. / Misfortune may be an actual blessing. / Time and tide waits for no man. / Call a spade a spade. / Anything unexpected may happen./ Birds of a feather flock together. / A new broom sweeps clean. / Jack shall have Jill; all shall be well. / Money talks. / Haste does not bring success. / A real man never goes back on his words. / Truth will come to light sooner or later. / All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. / An apple a day keeps doctors away. / Life is what happens to you when you are busy making other plans.
复合句 并列句 主谓 主谓宾
主系表 主谓宾宾补
