第一章书面作业
1. How is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky ’s distinction between competence and performance ?
2. What functions does language have?
3.What are the differences between the descriptive and the
prescriptive approaches?
第八章书面作业（1）
1. What is pragmatics?
2. What is speech act theory ?
3. Gave examples to illustrate the cooperative principle.
思考题： 1. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南开大学，2004）
2. Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外国语大学，2004）
3. Analyze the following situation. (20%)
How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? （青岛海洋大学，1999）
1. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.
“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?” （东北师范大学，2006）
2. Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. （南开大学，2004）
A: When is the bus coming?
B: There has been an accident further up the road.
3. Analyze the following situation.
What is the function of context in communication? Try to explain the following utterances rather than just state facts.
(1) The room is messy.
(2) It would be good if she had a green skirt on.
课程论文第一次
任选一个题目（可以变化），写成小论文： 1. Language is human specific
2. Linguists′piority to speech in linguistic study
3. Laguage is a system of arbitary vocal symbols communication.
used for humam
