新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解 Unit3

1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild'sneedtolearn,theadult'sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior'sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.2Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.

3Inprevioustimes,peopledidn'thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.Thenduringthiscareertheywouldstartafamily,ideallybeforetheyturned30.

4Todaywehaveanequivalentneedtorecognizeanewphaseoflifethatcomesafterhighschoolgraduation,continuesthroughcollege,andthenleadstostartingafamilyandhavingacareer,theso-calledodysseyyears.Recenttrends

show

radical

changes

as

young

people

are

following

a

differentagenda.Theytakebreaksfromschool,livewithfriendsandoftenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.Similarly,theyfallinandoutoflove,quitonejobandtryanotherorevenshifttoanewcareer.So,weneedtorecognizethisnewstage,theodysseyyears,whichmanynowconsidertobeanunavoidablestageinreachingadulthood.

5Peoplewhowerebornpriortothe60sor70sinthelastcenturytendedtoframetheirconceptofadulthoodbaseduponachievingcertainaccomplishments:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinanciallyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamily.Butthatemphasisonstabilitydidnotremainstatic.Today,youngpeopleareunlikelytodothesame.Duringtheodysseyyears,ahighproportionofyoungpeoplearedelayingmarriage,childbearing,andevenemployment.

6Theodysseyyearscansaddleyoungpeoplewithenormouspressuretomoveforwardquickly.Asthesoleheirandfocusoftheirparents'expectations,hopesanddreams,somereactwithrebelliousandpridefulattitudesand

behaviortowardtheirparents.Theyoftenresentthepressurethey'refeelingandkeepadistancefromtheirparentsorevenrunawayfromhome.Theirconfusioncomesfromthedifficultiestomakeparentsunderstandthemandthefluidjourneyofdiscoverytheyneedinthisphaseoftheirlives.Togetawayfromthisconfusionandupset,manyyoungpeopleresorttocomputergames,iPods,iPhones,oriPads,tohelpdistractthemfromtheirpainandstress.7

Likewise,

their

parents

are

feeling

more

anxious.

They

may

makeallowancesforatransitionphasefromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheygetupsetwhentheyseethetransitionoftheirgrownchildren'slivesmovingawayfromtheirexpectationsandstretchingfiveyearstosevenyears,andbeyond.Theparentsdon'tevendetectaclearsenseofdirectionintheirchildren'slives.Theylookatthemandseethethingsthatarebeingdelayed.8It'shardtopredictwhat'snext.Newguidelineshaven'tbeenestablishedyet,andeverythingseemstogivewaytoalesspermanentversionofitself.There'sbeenashiftinthestatusandbalanceofpowerbetweenthegenders,too.Morewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.Malewageshaveremainedstableoverthepastdecades,whilefemalewageshaveboomed.9

Apart

from

anything

else,

this

has

had

an

implicit

effect

on

courtship.Educatedwomencangetmanyofthethingstheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishment,andidentitywithoutmarriage.However,bothgendersarehavingahardertimefindingsuitablematestobuildtheirliveswith.Consideringallofthis,it'sbeneficialtoknowthateventhoughgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillholdhighlytraditionalaspirations.Forexample,thiscontemporarygenerationratesparenthoodevenmorehighlythanpreviousgenerationsdid!

10Thisnewphasewilllikelygrowmorepronouncedinthecomingyears.Nationsaroundtheworldhavewitnessedsimilartrendstowarddelayingmarriageandspendingmoreyearsthanevershiftingbetweenhighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.

11Nevertheless,graduatesshouldn'tbedeceivedintothinkingtheycanbackoffsimplybecausethingshavebecomemoredifficult.Alargenumberofpeoplechasingrelativelyfeweropportunitiescancreatestrongcompetitivepressure.So,fromtheoutset,keepyourrésuméprofessionalandup-to-date.12Toreinforcethisessentialmessage,successmovingthroughtheodysseyyearswillcometothosewhodon'texpecttoachievetheirgoalsrightawaybutknowthattheymusthavethestrength,capacityandconfidencetoendureoverthelongterm.Ifyou'realittlelatewithyourgoals,don'tfeellikeafailure!Stay

strong,bepositive,andkeepfocused!Somedayyouwilllookbackandwonderatthevastchangesasyoupassedthroughtheodysseyyears.

LanguagePoints:

1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.(Para.1)Meaning:Mostofusknowaboutthedifferentlifestagesthatwedescribeaccordingtodifferentagegroups:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.2Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.(Para.1)Meaning:Wesequencethelifestagesofinfancy,childhood,middleageandoldageaccordingtotheirnaturalorder,witheachparticularlifestagefacingitsownfeaturedchallenges.Sentencestructurenote:“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”作主格结构“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”构成主格结构，主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。with之后的名词和其后的现在分词构成主谓关系，其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。例如：Shesatdownatthetable,witheachdishemittingadelicioussmell.她在餐桌旁坐了下来，每道菜都散发出扑鼻的香味。（状语表示伴随）Thegirlsattherequitesilentwithhereyesfixingonthewall.女孩坐在那里一言不发，目不转睛地盯着墙壁。（状语表示方式）Withourfoodrunningout,wehadtowalktoavillageforhelp.由于我们的食物即将吃完，我们不得不步行到一个村子寻求帮助。（状语表示原因）Withsummercoming,itisbecominghotterandhotter.随着夏季来临，天气变得越来越热。（状语表示时间）Usagenote:peculiar,characteristic,unusualpeculiar,characteristic和unusual都可用作形容词，都含有表示“有特点的；有特色的”等意思，但有细微差别。1从词义上说，peculiar着重“独特性”，强调“与众不同的”特征；characteristic常强调所指性质的典型性,也可以表示这些性质使某一事物区别于其他的事物；unusual强调“少见的”，与通常的情况“截然不同的”或“未曾预料的”特征。例如：Thewinehasapeculiartaste.这种酒有种独特的味道。It’scharacteristicofherthatshenevercomplained.从来不发牢骚是她的个性。Itwasnotunusualformetocomehomeattwoorthreeinthemorning.凌晨两三点回家对我来说是很平常的事。2从用法上说，peculiar通常和介词to搭配，表示“为某人或某物所特有”；characteristic通常和介词of搭配，表示“某物或某人有…特性、特征、特色”；unusual通常和介词for搭配，表示“对…不同寻常”。例如：Greatmindsingenerallookatlifeinawaypeculiartothemselves.一般来说，伟大的思想家都以自己独特的眼光来看待生活。Withthefriendlyandgenerouscaresocharacteristicofthesepeople,theyopenedtheirhousetoover50guests.这些人以特有的友好和慷慨关爱，在家接待了50多位客人。It’snotunusualforteenagerstogothroughaphasewhentheyfeelashamedoftheirparents,afraidthattheymightnotliveuptotheirfriends’standards.青少年经历为自己的父母感到羞愧的阶段是很平常的，他们生怕自己的父母达不到他们朋友所设的标准。Heaskedmeiftherewasanythingunusualaboutthemanwhohadrobbedme,butIcouldn'taccuratelydescribetheman.他问我那个抢劫了我的男人是否有什么不寻常之处，但我不能准确地描述那个男子。3Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild’sneedtolearn,theadult’sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior’sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.(Para.1)Meaning:Byfamiliarizingourselveswiththeparticularchallengessuchastheneedsfordifferentagegroups:child,adult,andsenior,wecansurelyovercomeallthesechallenges.Meaningbeyondwords:Ifwestaypositiveandoptimistic,we’llsuccessfullyhandlethechallengesatdifferentlifestages.4Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Sincethesentencestatesthattheideasaboutlifestagesarechanging,it’spredictablethatthefollowingtextwillfocusonthistopic.5Inprevioustimes,peopledidn’thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.(Para.3)Meaning:Inthepast,peopledidn’thaveaclearconceptaboutseparatingchildhoodfromadulthood.Childrenweresimplyseenasyoungsters.Likewise,peopledidn’tthinkaboutthelifestageofadolescenceahundredyearsago.6Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.(Para.3)Meaning:Peopleusedtoconsideritnormal:Assoonasstudentsgraduatedfromcollege,theywouldbecomepartoftheadultcommunityandfindapracticalandreliablejobtowardacareer.Meaningbeyondwords:Thingsarenolongerthesameastheywereinthepast.Collegegraduateswon’tfindanidealjobrightaftertheygraduatefromschool.It’lltakelongertimebeforetheystartwiththeircareer.Usagenote:sensible,sensitive1sensible表示“明智的”，如：asensibleperson（一个明智的人），asensibleplan（一个切合实际的计划）。Asensiblepersonmakesgooddecisionsandadjustmentsbasedonreasonratherthanemotion.一个明智的人会根据理智而不是情感来做出合理的决定和判断。sensible还可以表示“知道的；觉察的”，besensibleof…表示“感知某事；察觉到某事”。例如：Iamsensibleofthesufferingyouareundergoing.我清楚你正在经历的痛苦。2sensitive在词义上表示“敏感的；易受影响的”。例如：Asensitivepersoniseasilyupsetbyotherpeople’sremarksorbehavior.敏感的人很容易因他人的言论或行为而生气。Youshouldn’tbesosensitiveaboutwhatpeoplesay.你不应该对别人说什么如此敏感。sensitiveto表示“对…过敏的；对…理解的”。例如：Unfortunately,sheissensitivetopenicillin,andIdoubtwhetheranyotherdrugwillhelpher.不幸的是，她对青霉素过敏，我不能确定是否有其他药物可以帮助她。We’retryingtomakepeoplemoresensitivetothedifficultiesfacedbyworkingmothers.我们正在努力使人们更理解上班族妈妈所面临的困难。7Thenduringthiscareertheywouldstartafamily,ideallybeforetheyturned30.(Para.3)Meaning:Whileworkingontheircareer,theywouldgetmarriedtostarttheirownfamily,preferablybyage30.8Todaywehaveanequivalentneedtorecognizeanewphaseoflifethatcomesafterhighschoolgraduation,continuesthroughcollege,andthenleadstostartingafamilyandhavingacareer,theso-calledodysseyyears.(Para.4)Meaning:Todaywearealsorequiredtorecognizeanewlifestagewhichstartsfromhighschoolgraduationthroughcollegetilltheysettledownwithafamilyandacareer.Thisnewphasemightbecalledtheodysseyyears,theyearsofself-discovery.9Recenttrendsshowradicalchangesasyoungpeoplearefollowingadifferentagenda.(Para.4)Meaning:Asyoungpeoplearelivingadifferentlifestyle,thesocietyhasgonethroughtremendouschanges.Meaningbeyondwords:Youngpeopletendtobehaverebelliously,whichiscontrarytothetraditionalwayandbeyondtheexpectationsoftheirparents.10Theytakebreaksfromschool,livewithfriendsandoftenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.(Para.4)Meaning:Theystopgoingtoschoolforawhile,livewithfriendsandoftenevenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.Meaningbeyondwords:Theyobviouslyhavemorefreedomthantheoldergeneration.takeabreakfrom:restforashortperiodoftimewhenyoustopdoingsth.中断；暂停Shetookabreakfromherworktomakeherselfsomecoffeeandthenresumedafewminuteslater.她暂停了一会儿工作，给自己泡了一点咖啡，然后几分钟后继续工作。11Similarly,theyfallinandoutoflove,quitonejobandtryanotherorevenshifttoanewcareer.(Para.4)Meaning:Likewise,theyfallinandoutoflove,giveuponejobandtryanother,orchangetoacompletelydifferentprofession.Meaningbeyondwords:Beforetheyfinallysettledown,collegegraduatesneedtoaccumulatelifeexperiences–todiscoverthemselvesduringtheirodysseyyears.12So,weneedtorecognizethisnewstage,theodysseyyears,whichmanynowconsidertobeanunavoidablestageinreachingadulthood.(Para.4)Meaning:Therefore,itisnecessarytorecognizethisunavoidablenewstage,whereyoungpeopleexplorelifeinordertoreachadulthood.13Peoplewhowerebornpriortothe60sor70sinthelastcenturytendedtoframetheirconceptofadulthoodbaseduponachievingcertainaccomplishments:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinanciallyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamily.(Para.5)Meaning:Peoplebornbeforethe1960sor1970swerelikelytodefinethetermadulthoodaccordingtocertainaccomplishments,suchasmovingawayfromhome,havingfinancialindependence,andstartingafamilywithagoodhusbandorwife.tendtodosth.:usu.doaparticularthing倾向于；往往会；易于做某事Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.随着年纪的增长，人们需要的睡眠会变少。Becausemycartendstooverheatinthesummer,IfrequentlyhavetoturnontheA/Ctohelptheenginecooldown.因为我的车往往在夏天会过热，所以我得常将空调打开，以帮助引擎冷却。14Butthatemphasisonstabilitydidnotremainstatic.Today,youngpeopleareunlikelytodothesame.(Para.5)Meaning:However,stabilitydidn’tstaythesameforeversinceyoungpeopletodayaredoingthingsdifferentlyfromtheirparents.Meaningbeyondwords:Youngpeopletodayareunlikelytobehavethesamewayaswasatonetimeconsideredasthenorm:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinanciallyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamilyrightawayaftertheygraduatefromcollege.15Duringtheodysseyyears,ahighproportionofyoungpeoplearedelayingmarriage,childbearing,andevenemployment.(Para.5)Meaning:Manyyoungpeoplepostponegettingmarried,havingchildrenandtakingajobduringtheirodysseyyears.16Theodysseyyearscansaddleyoungpeoplewithenormouspressuretomoveforwardquickly.(Para.6)Meaning:Theodysseyyearscanmakeyoungpeoplefeelmuchstressedtomoveaheadquickly.17Asthesoleheirandfocusoftheirparents’expectations,hopesanddreams,somereactwithrebelliousandpridefulattitudesandbehaviortowardtheirparents.(Para.6)Meaning:Beingtheonlyheirandfocusoftheirparents’expectations,hopesanddreams,someyoungpeoplebehavedrebelliouslyandproudlytowardtheirparents.18Theyoftenresentthepressurethey’refeelingandkeepadistancefromtheirparentsorevenrunawayfromhome.(Para.6)Meaning:Theyoftenfeelupsetaboutthestresstheyhaveandstayawayfromtheirparentsorevensecretlyleavehome.19Theirconfusioncomesfromthedifficultiestomakeparentsunderstandthemandthefluidjourneyofdiscoverytheyneedinthisphaseoftheirlives.(Para.6)Meaning:Theygetconfusedbecauseit’shardtocommunicatewiththeirparentsandalsobecausethejourneyofself-discoverytheyneedinthisparticularlifestageisfullofuncertainty.Meaningbeyondwords:Inadditiontotheuncertaintyofthisnewlyaddedlifestage,thereisagenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren,whichcouldbefrustratingtoyoungpeople.20Togetawayfromthisconfusionandupset,manyyoungpeopleresorttocomputergames,iPod,iPhone,oriPadtohelpdistractthemfromtheirpainandstress.(Para.6)Meaning:Inordernottobebotheredbythisconfusionandfrustrationandtoforgetabouttheirpainandstress,manyyoungpeopleturntocomputergames,iPods,iPhonesoriPads.Meaningbeyondwords:Asyoungpeoplecan’tbearsuchbigstress,theytrytodosomethingwhichwillmakethemfeelbettertotemporallyenjoythemselvesandgetridoftheirparents.21Likewise,theirparentsarefeelingmoreanxious.(Para.7)Meaning:Theirparentsbecomemorerestlessaswell.Meaningbeyondwords:Astheirgrownchildrenwouldnotlistentotheiradvice,parentsaregettingmoreworriedaboutwhatdirectiontheirchildrenmaymoveto.22Theymaymakeallowancesforatransitionphasefromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheygetupsetwhentheyseethetransitionoftheirgrownchildren’slivesmovingawayfromtheirexpectationsandstretchingfiveyearstosevenyears,andbeyond.(Para.7)Meaning:Parentsmayaccepttheirgrownchildrentodelaythetransitionperiodfromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheyarefrustratedwhentheyfindtheirchildrenmovingawayfromwhattheyexpectedandwhentheyextendtheperiodtotoomanyyears.23Theparentsdon’tevendetectaclearsenseofdirectionintheirchildren’slives.Theylookatthemandseethethingsthatarebeingdelayed.(Para.7)Meaning:Theparentsevenlosetrackoftheirchildren’slives,sotheyjustlookatthemandseehowthethingsthatshouldbedonearebeingpostponed.Meaningbeyondwords:Parentsareveryworriedabouttheirgrownchildren’sfuturebutsimplydon’tknowwhattodotohelp.24It’shardtopredictwhat’snext.Newguidelineshaven’tbeenestablishedyet,andeverythingseemstogivewaytoalesspermanentversionofitself.(Para.8)Meaning:Itishardtosayinadvancewhatwillhappennext.Sincenonewsocialrulesorinstructionshavebeensetupyet,everythingseemstobetemporaryorunfixed.Usagenotepredict,anticipatepredict和anticipate都是动词，都含有“预言；预料”之意。1predict表示“预言；预料”之意时，往往是根据内心感受、经验、证据或迹象；anticipate表示“预期；预料”之意时，往往根据以往的经验、自己的向往、设想来推测。例如：Infact,noonecanpredictwhetherhisideawillendupwithagreatsuccessforourbusiness.事实上，没人能预测他的想法是否最终会使我们的业务取得成功。Ianticipatealotofinterestinmynewspaperadvertisement.我预料我在报纸上登的广告会引起人们很大的兴趣。Ipredictthisyear’sdroughttohaveadetrimentaleffect.我预测今年的干旱有不利的影响。2predict是及物动词，后可接名词词组或名词从句作宾语，后接动词不定式时常用于被动结构。例如：Unemploymentispredictedtoincreaseto700,000bytheendoftheyear.预计失业人口到今年年底将增至70万。ProfessorMurray,whocreatesagraphoftheirconversations,believesitcouldeventuallybeusedtopredictthelikelihoodofdivorce.默里教授根据他们的对话画出一幅曲线图,他相信这条曲线最终可以用来预测夫妻离婚的可能性。Forecasterswillbeabletopredictwheretheexpectedstormsurgeswillstrikeandhowbigtheywillbe.预报员们将可预报风暴潮袭击的地点及其规模。anticipate是及物动词,一般接名词、动名词或名词从句作宾语,可用于被动结构；anticipate后不能跟动词不定式。例如：Agoodmanufacturermusttrytoanticipatewhathiscustomerswillwantanddecidewhatshallbeproduced.一位优秀的制造商必须努力预料顾客需要什么，然后决定生产什么。Itisfarbetterforustoanticipatetheworstandgetoutofitbeforeithinderstheprogress.我们最好能事先预料到最坏的情况，并在它阻碍进程之前摆脱它。25There’sbeenashiftinthestatusandbalanceofpowerbetweenthegenders,too.Morewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.(Para.8)Meaning:There’salsobeenachangeinthesocialstatusandpowerbetweenmaleandfemale.Nowmorewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.26Malewageshaveremainedstableoverthepastdecades,whilefemalewageshaveboomed.(Para.8)Meaning:Malewageshaveremainedsteadyoverthepastdecades;incontrast,femalewageshavebeenontheincrease.27Apartfromanythingelse,thishashadanimpliciteffectoncourtship.Educatedwomencangetmanyofthethingstheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishment,andidentitywithoutmarriage.(Para.9)Meaning:Inadditiontoanythingelse,thedelayhasaffectedromanticrelationshipsinasubtleway.Unmarriedbuteducatedwomencanstillhavemanyofthethingsthattheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishmentandidentity.Meaningbeyondwords:Intermsofromanticrelationships,educatedwomencanalwaysgetmoreadvantagesthanmen.28However,bothgendersarehavingahardertimefindingsuitablematestobuildtheirliveswith.(Para.9)Meaning:However,ithasbecomedifficultforbothmalesandfemalestofindtheirappropriatepartnerswhomtheycanbuildtheirfuturewith.Meaningbeyondwords:Thedifficultyforbothgenderstofindasuitablespouseiscausedbythetransitionphase.29Consideringallofthis,it’sbeneficialtoknowthatevenifgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillholdhighlytraditionalaspirations.(Para.9)Meaning:Whenthinkingaboutallofthis,it’sgoodtoknowthatevenifgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillkeephighlytraditionaldesiresandgoals.30Forexample,thiscontemporarygenerationratesparenthoodevenmorehighlythanpreviousgenerationsdid!(Para.9)Meaning:Youngpeople,forinstance,thinkofparentingmoreimportantthanpreviousgenerationsdid.Meaningbeyondwords:Youngpeoplethinkthatthequalityoftheirownparents’parentingwasinadequateandtheirownparentingshouldbeofahigherquality.31Thisnewphasewilllikelygrowmorepronouncedinthecomingyears.(Para.10)Meaning:Thisnewphaseinthedevelopmentofyoungpeoplewillcontinuetospreadandgaineasierrecognitioninthenearfuture.32Nationsaroundtheworldhavewitnessedsimilartrendstowarddelayingmarriageandspendingmoreyearsthanevershiftingbetweenhighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.(Para.10)Meaning:Thewholeworldhasnoticedasimilartendency–grownchildrendelaymarriageandspendmoreyearsthangenerationsbeforethem,wanderingathighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.33Nevertheless,graduatesshouldn’tbedeceivedintothinkingtheycanbackoffsimplybecausethingshavebecomemoredifficult.(Para.11)Meaning:However,graduatesshouldn’tgetthewrongassumptionthattheycangiveupbecausethingshavebecomeharder.Usagenote:deceive,cheat1deceive作及物动词用，表示“欺骗；蒙骗；行骗”，指用虚假、哄骗、隐瞒等手段以假乱真，使人产生误解或错觉而相信假的东西,上当受骗。例如：Honeyedwordsmaydeceivepeopleforsometime,buttheycannotstandthetestoftimeandpractice.花言巧语蒙骗人于一时,但是却经不起时间和实践的检验。Advertisersarenowforbiddentodeceivecustomerswithfalseclaims.现在已禁止广告商用不实之词来欺骗消费者。cheat作及物动词用时，表示“欺骗；骗取”，常指用不公平的手段、不诚实的方法骗取某物。例如：Thegreedyshopkeeperoftencheatscustomersbysellingfakegoods.这个黑心的老板经常出售假冒伪劣商品欺骗客户。cheat作不及物动词用时，表示“作弊”。Hecheatedon(in)theexamination.他考试作弊。2deceive的施动者为enemy,rival,agent等,受动者常为受骗的对象如firm,purchaser,shopper等,常用搭配为deceivesb.intodoingsth.,介词into的宾语常为believing,thinking,buying,selling等。例如：Hedeceivedtheshopkeeperintopurchasingalargequantityoffakecommodities.他骗店主采购了大量的假冒伪劣商品。cheat表示“骗取”时，其宾语一般是人。常用搭配为cheatsb.(out)ofsth.，介词of后常接fortune,wealth,achievement,success等。例如：Hecheatedme(out)ofmywatch.他骗走了我的手表。34Alargenumberofpeoplechasingrelativelyfeweropportunitiescancreatestrongcompetitivepressure.(Para.11)Meaning:Alargenumberofpeoplecompetingforfewerjobscanputalotofstressonyoungpeople.35So,fromtheoutset,keepyourrésuméprofessionalandup-to-date.(Para.11)Meaning:Therefore,fromtheverybeginning,youneedtokeepyourrésuméwell-written,andyoumustoftenreviseitasnecessary.36Toreinforcethisessentialmessage,successmovingthroughtheodysseyyearswillcometothosewhodon’texpecttoachievetheirgoalsrightawaybutknowthattheymusthavethestrength,capacityandconfidencetoendureoverthelongterm.(Para.12)Meaning:Successonlybelongstothoseyoungpeoplewhoarenottooanxiousabouttheirimmediateachievementsandwhohavelong-termgoalsandfinequalitiessuchasstrength,capacityandconfidenceinordertosustainthroughthelongodysseyyears.37Staystrong,bepositive,andkeepfocused!Somedayyouwilllookbackandwonderatthevastchangesasyoupassedthroughtheodysseyyears.(Para.12)Meaning:Remainstrong,bepositive,andkeepfocusedonyourgoals.Somedaywhenyoulookbackyouwouldfeelsurprisedatwhatyouhaveachievedthroughtheodysseyyears.