Read the texts first, then do the exercises Relative Pronouns 关系代词A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a \"relative\" pronoun because it \"relates\" to the word that it modifies. 关系代词一般用来强调形容词和名词之间的关系，汉语中没有，如果举例子可以说：那边的那栋房子，它（关系代词）是我的Here is an example:The person who phoned me last night is my teacher. 昨天给我打电话的人是我的老师。直接翻译做：昨天给我打电话的人，他是我的老师In the above example, \"who\":在上面的例子里面，我们用了who，指的是“他”或“谁”或“那个人”relates to \"person\强调了人于形容词副词之间的关系，主要强调了主动语态的“他”introduces the relative clause \"who phoned me last night\"There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that 一共有五个最重要的关系代词，用于强调不同的前后关系Who (subject主格语态，用语主动语态的句型) and whom (object：who的宾格语态，用于被动语态的句型) are generally only for people（一般来说只是用来强调人的关系）. Whose is for possession（whose，是who的属格语态，强调了属于和归属的句型）. Which is for things. That （可以用于人或物件）can be used for people** and things and as subject and object in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information).Which 同样是指物件，一般用于描述物件之间的关系，用起来要非常慎重，很容易出错Relative pronouns can refer to singular or plural, and there is no difference between male and female. 关系代词可以用于复数或单数，而且部分阴性或阳性Look at these examples showing defining and non-defining relative clauses:看一下的例子 example sentences例句
S=subject主格, O=object宾格, P=possessive属格notes
definingS- The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
- The person that phoned me last night is my teacher.That is preferableThat同样可以采纳
- The car which hit me was yellow.撞了我的车是黄色的
- The cars （注意看复数）that hit me were（同时注意动词的变化） yellow.That is preferableThat同样可以采纳
O- The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.
- The people who I phoned last night are my teachers.
- The person that I phoned last night is my teacher.
- The person I phoned last night is my teacher.Whom is correct but very formal. The relative pronoun is optional.Whom也对但是非常不正规，不建议采纳
- The car which I drive is old.
- The car that I drive is old.
- The car I drive is old.That is preferable to which. The relative pronoun is optional.Which或that都可以用于物件，这里，可以选择是否使用关系代词
P- The student whose phone just rang should stand up.手机响了那个学生应该站起来
- Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra.那些家长富裕的学生必须多交钱 这里，学生的手机是属格，手机属于学生，所以用whose属格学生的家长，同样是属格
- The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked.
- The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked.Of which is usual for things, butwhose is sometimes possible
non-definingS- Mrs Pratt, who is very kind, is my teacher.
- The car, which was a taxi, exploded.是出租车的车爆炸了
- The cars, which were taxis, exploded.复数
O- Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher.
- Mr and Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, are my teachers.Whom is correct but very formal.Who is normal.
- The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire.
P- My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor.
- The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.
- The car, the driver of which jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.Of which is usual for things, butwhose is sometimes possible
Function in
the sentenceReference to
People指人Concepts物件，物品Place地点Time时间Explanation解释或强调
Subject主格who, thatwhich, that
Object宾格(that, who, whom)*(which, that)*wherewhenwhat/why
Possessive属格whosewhose, of which
以上的小表格要求会背练习题：Combine the sentences using defining relative pronouns. When the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted.使用关系代词重新组合一下的句子：1That's the girl. She spoke to me yesterday.
_____________________________________________________________ .
2What's the name of the book? You want me to read it.
_____________________________________________________________ .
3We stayed in a hotel. The hotel was very expensive.
_____________________________________________________________ .
4I rent a house. It is very small.
_____________________________________________________________ .
5The car was stolen. It was a BMW.
_____________________________________________________________ .
6The man smoked forty cigarettes a day. He died of a heart attack.
_____________________________________________________________ .
7That's the building. I work there.
_____________________________________________________________ .
8That's the boy. His mother works in the post office.
_____________________________________________________________ .
9The businessman was very rich. I saw him last night.
_____________________________________________________________ .
10That's the dog. Its owner is French.
_____________________________________________________________ .
点击以下链接，做题，直到把关系代词掌握
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns2.htmhttp://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns.htmhttp://www.english-test.net/esl/learn/english/grammar/ei039/esl-test.phphttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?02http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1255
