关系代词关系副词用法

关系词(关系代词和关系副词)有时可以省略, 但这只限于性定语从句中, 在非性定语从句中, 关系词则不可省略。

1.关系代词作宾语时的省略: 当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时, 可以省略。

Is there anything (that/which) you wanted?

注意: 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时, 关系代词多用that Who is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to? This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.

注意: 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时, 关系代词一般都用that

2.关系代词作表语时的省略： 当关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时, 可以省略。 China is not the country (that) it was.

3.关系代词作宾补时的省略：当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足语时, 可以省略。 I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. that做宾补

4.关系副词when的省略： 用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略, 但有一种特殊情况, 即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后可以省略, 也可换成that

That was the year (when/that) I first went abroad. I’ll never forget the day (when/that) we met.

5. 关系副词where的省略： 用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略, 但有一种特殊情况, 即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时才可以省略, 也可换成that This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.

Have you met somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 6. 关系副词why的省略: 关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句, 且通常可换成that或for which, 均可省略。

That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he came.

关系副词的特点: 关系副词用于引出定语从句, 英语的关系副词主要有when, where, why三个。 Sunday is the day (when/that) very few people go to work. That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he dislikes me. Do you know a shop where/that I can find sandals?

注意：关系副词用于引出定语从句, 且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间, where表示地点, why表示原因。

使用关系副词应注意的几点：

1.how不能用作关系副词, 不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way后表示方式: This is the way how he spoke. (wrong)

This is how he spoke. /This is the way (that/in which) he spoke. (right)

This is the way that he solved the problem. =This is how he solved the problem.

2.关系副词when和where既可引导性定语从句, 也可引导非性定语从句, 但why只能引导性定语从句, 不能引导非性定语从句(若引导非性定语从句, 可用for which reason)

3.引导定语从句时, when的先行词为时间, where的先行词为地点, why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason), 但是反过来却不一定

Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 做宾语 Do you know the house (that) he bought recently? 做宾语 Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 做宾语

关系代词引导的定语从句who, whom, which, that, whose在句中必做成分 1)who, whom, that指人, 在句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语可省略 Is he the man who/ that wants to see you? 做主语

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He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 做宾语 2)which, that指物, 在句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可省略

A prosperity which/ that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 做主语 The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 做宾语 3)whose表所属关系, 指人或物。指物可与of which互换, 指人可与of whom互换 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

=They rushed over to help the man of whom the car had broken down. =They rushed over to help the man the car of whom had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green.

=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. =Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. 关系副词引导的定语从句when, where, why

1)区别:及物动词后面无宾语, 用关系代词；不及物动词用关系副词

This is the place (where/that) I lived once. where指代the place充当地点状语 This is the place (which/that) I visited once. which做visit的宾语, 可省略

I’ll never forget the days (which) we spend together. which做spend的宾语, 可省略

I’ll never forget the days (when/that) we live together in the country. when指代the days充当时间状语

2)关系副词含义相当于”介词+which”结构, 可以互换, 口语中可省略

There are occasions when/that one must yield屈服. =There are occasions on which one must yield. Beijing is the place (where/that) I was born. =Beijing is the place on which I was born.

Is this the reason (why/that) he refused our offer? = Is this the reason for which he refused our offer? 3)that代替关系副词: that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和”介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略。

His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.

He is unlikely to find the place (where/that/in which) he lived forty years ago. 不能用that的情况

1)引导非性定语从句时, 不能用that

The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (wrong, 应用which) 2)介词后不能用

We depend on the land from which we got our food.

=We depend on the land which/that we got our food from. 只能用that的情况

1)在there be句型中, 只用that, 不用which

2)在不定代词如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等做先行词时, 只用that 3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that 4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时, 只用that 5)先行词即有人, 又有物时

当先行词是way时, 关系副词常常省略。I appreciate the way (that) you teach me.

That作为关系副词所具备的功能, 即代替when、where、why三大关系副词或介词+ which。但这种代替是有条件的, 主要适用于表示时间、地点、原因、方式这四大类基本含义的先行词, 即time(替代when)，place(替代where)，reason(替代why)，way(替代in which)，其中time类的词汇最多, 包括若干下义词, 如hour, evening, summer, year, moment等。大概是因为这些词最基本、最常用, 所以在约定俗成的习惯下挣脱了原有关系副词的束缚。此外, that还可以与speed, distance等先行词连用, 此时无法用where代替。

在非正式语体中, 关系副词that是经常省略的。正是基于这个原因, 在论述”关系副词that的功能”中笔者并未

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给出相关例句, 因为在各语法书和词典关系中关系副词that总是有左右两个括号相伴。 We moved here the year (that/when) my mother died.

I still remembered the summer (that) I walked around Paris. The reason I called was to ask about the plans for Saturday. There are so many delicious ways you can prepare chicken. This is the place (where) I lived five years. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? She knows the place (that/where) he stays. There is nowhere (that) we can go.

The speed (that/at which) he is driving is 70 miles per hour.

This is the place (that) I spent my children at. =This is the place (that) I spend my childhood. 前者为关系代词用法, 比后者关系副词的用法更为正式

I don’t know any place (that) you can get a better exchange rate.

如上所述, 关系副词that是广泛存在的, 并且经常省略。当然各个词典和语法书的观点并非完全一致, 例如《薄冰高级英语语法》认为先行词为place时, 关系副词where也可省略；《薄冰高级英语语法》认为先行词为reason时, 关系副词why可以省略。为了便于记忆和理解, 我们可以将这类省略现象统一看做是关系副词that的省略。Oxford dictionary中可给出that作为关系代词的义项, 但所举例句中包含了that作为关系副词的用法(见如上第一个例句)。根据对句子结构的分析, 这里的that相当于when或in which, 不是代词而是副词。个别语法书中提到that代替关系副词when, where, why, how, 鉴于how作为关系副词并不具有充分的例证, 且多部语法书明确提出how不能做关系副词, 故笔者不采用that代替how的说法。

1.when(先行词是time, day, occasion等表时间的名词时在口语中可以省略) At the time (when) I saw him, he was quite strong.

Do you know the year (when) The Declaration of Independence was published? 2. Where(先行词是place, room等表示地面的名词, 在口语中可以省略) This is the place (where) I lived for 5 years. 3.why(先行词只有reason, 在口语中, 可以省略why) That’s the reason (why) I’m checking it now.

还有一种省略应特别关注, 在this/that/it is后可省略先行词the time, the place, the reason, 直接跟why, when, where

That was (the time) when he lived there.

It is (the place) where that rock festival is held every year. That’s (the reason) why he spoke.

一、关系代词在性定语从句中的省略场合

1.当关系代词, that, which, who , whom在性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略 The professor (that/who/whom) you wish to see has come. Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning? 2.当关系代词that在定语从句中作补语时可以省略 He has changed. He is not the man (that) he was.

3.当关系代词that, which, who在定语从句中作主语时, 只有当主句是由It is, that is, there is引导的场合才能省略

It isn’t everybody (that/who) can learn a foreign lnguage so easily. That was his brother (who/that) just went by. There was someone (who/that) asked for you, Bill.

二、关系副词when,where, why引导的性定语从句在非正式语体中，通常可以省略 I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. The reason (why) he came so early in his own affair.

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That’s the place (where) he stayed when he was in London.

另外, 在当代英语里, that可以用于表示时间、地点、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略。

His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.

He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago. 三、以the way作为先行词的性定语从句用在非正式语体中通常省略in which或者that The way (in which/that) you answered the questions was admirable.

1.Time, day, year, place, house, reason, way等作先行词时可以被省略, 其后的子句不再是形容词子句, 而变成名词子句或副词子句。

This is where he was born. Where he was born是名词子句

This is the place where he was born. Where he was born是形容词子句 I’ll meet her where I first met her. Where I first met her是副词子句

I’ll meet her at the place where I first met her. Where I first met her是形容词子句 Tuesday is when the garbage truck comes. When the garbage truck comes 是名词子句

Tuesday is the day when the garbage truck comes. When the garbage truck comes 是形容词子句 2.关系副词有限定用法,指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。 We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.

3.关系副词有补述用法, 即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句, 主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充, 前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。

Tom got married the day before yesterday, when it was his birthday too.

1.Where引导的定语从句: 先行词是表示地点的名词, 如place, room, house, street, area等, 或含有地点意义的抽象名词, 如situation(处境,地势), stage, point(点), case(案例, 情况), 用where引导定语从句, 在定语从句中做地点状语。

The school where/in which I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. Harvard is a world-famous university. There Wang An got his Doctor’s degree. =Harvard is a world-famous university where Wang An got his Doctor’s degree. This is the house. I was born in the house.

=This is the house where/in which I was born.=This is the house which I was born in.

A bank is the place where/in which they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago.

*先行词为抽象名词situation, stage, point, job, case, system, game, degree等, 表示模糊化的地点, 用where引导定语从句。

You reach a point where medicine can’t help.

She is in a hopeless situation where we will keep a very close eye on her.

2.when引导的定语从句：先行词是表示时间的名词, 如day, time, year, hour等, 用when引导定语从句, 在句中作状语。

The time when/at which I first met Nelson was a very difficult period of my life.

The day when/on which Nelson helped me was one of my happiest. When=in/at/on/during+ which I’ll never forget the day. I joined the league on that day. =I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.

The days are gone when physical strength was all your needed to make a living. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

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I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

一、 ”介词+关系代词”结构 1.当关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；当先行词指人时, 介词后的关系代词用whom, 其余用which, 这时的关系代词不能省略; 有时为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词, 也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面, 这时的which可用that替换。当介词放在有关动词的后面时, 关系代词which, that, whom在口语和非正式语体中经常省略。

This is the room in which he used to live. = This is the room (which/that) he used to live in.

Who’s the man with whom you just shook hands? = Who’s the man (that/whom) you just shook hands with? 注意: 下列情况介词不能提前

1)用who代替whom, 用that代替which时, 介词不能提前 He’s the boy (who) I learned English from.

This should be the place (that) Tom send the parcel to. 2)当whom, which省去时介词不能提前 Is he the boy you went there with? This is the room he lived in.

3)当whom, which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时, 介词一般来说不能拆开提前 You’re the very man (whom) I’m looking for. This is the program (which) he listened to.

2.”介词+关系代词”结构通常可以和一些关系副词(when, where和why相互转换) 1)where=in/on which

This is the room where/in which he lived. 2)when=on/in/at/during which

I still remember the year when/in which I joined the Party. I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party.

I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched. 3)why=for which

This is the reason why/for which he was killed.

注意: 并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代

I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 这里in which代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式状语, 只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时, 才能相应地用when, where和why代替。 试比较下面两组句子:

This is the factory that/which produces radios. 划线部分作主语, 应用关系代词The factory produces radios.

This is the factory where radios are produced. 化纤部分作地点状语, 应用关系副词Radios are produced in the factory.

Do you remember the days (that) we spent together? 关系代词在句中作宾语 We spent the days together. Do you remember the days when we worked together? 关系副词作时间状语 We worked together during the days. 关系副词的省略:

1.the time, every time, the moment等后的关系副词可以省略

By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousands English words. 2.在某些表示地点的名词后, 关系副词有时也可以省略, 如the place等 This is the place (where) I saw him last time. 3. 先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略 The reason (why) he came is quite clear. 4.当先行词是way时, 关系副词常常省略

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I know the way (that) he learns English.

An architect is a person who/that designs buildings. I will never forget the teacher who/that taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. Anyone who/that wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. Do you know the gentleman (whom/that) we met in the school library yesterday? This is the student (whom/that) my father taught ten years ago.

The girl (who/whom/that) I saw is called Mary. 非正式英语中, 可用who代替whom

The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. Whose father=the father of whom

Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? Whose window=the window of which指the window of the hotel

Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. Whose roof-the roof of which I do not like stories which/that have unhappy endings. Toms works for a factory which/that makes watches. Is the girl that/whom sells newspaper?

Where is the ice-cream that/which was in the fridge? Is this the book (that/which) you want to buy?

关系副词

In Beijing July and August are the months (when/that) it rains very often. Do you remember the day (when/that) we first went to the Summer Palace? I haven’t seen her since the year (when) I left Tokyo.

Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what (=all that= the things that) it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped.

During the Spring Festival I went back to the town (where/that) I was brought up. That不能作为表示地点的关系副词

This is the place (where/that) Li Bai once lived. That不能作为表示地点的关系副词 区别: This is the place (that/which) Li Bai once visited.

If a shop has chairs (where) women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. The reason (why/that) I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.

This is the reason (why/that) he came late to school. =This is why he came late to school. As是个比较特殊的关系代词, 一是用在某些句型搭配里, 二是于主句之外。 一、在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中, as引导定语从句

You may take as(副词) many books as(关代, 代替books, 在定语从句中作宾语) you want. I have got such a computer as yours.

I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin. 二、于主句之外, as引导定语从句

As we know, the earth turns around the sun.

As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun.

As we know和As is known to us均为定语从句, as分别作宾语和主语, 替代后面的主句。

Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China. 关系代词as指代整个主句, 在定语从句中作宾语。 As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. Which和as引导定语从句均可代表一句话或整个主句, 但which不能放在句首, 另外as有”正如”的意思, 而which没有。

一、关系代词who和that的区别

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1.当关系代词用作主语时, 多用主格who

He who loses hope loses all. 先行词为代词he, they , any, all, one等时, 多用who I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 在非性定语从句中用who 2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时, 用宾格whom, 不用that

The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.

=The man (who/whom/that) our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 口语中省略关代最自然

3.当关系代词泛指人时, 多用that

He is a man that is never afraid of failure. That用来泛指人 4.当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时, 应用that

Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 避免重复 二、关系代词which与that的区别

1.当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时, 关系代词多用that All that glitters is not gold.

She told me everything (that) she knew.

2.当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时, 关系代词一般都用that

That is the best novel (that) I have ever read.

He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 3.当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时, 应用that

Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 4.在非性定语从句中, 关系代词一般只用which

Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 5.介词后的关系代词用which, 不用that

She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps.

I saw a women running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.

He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went to Cambridge.

The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

=The English play which/that my students acted in at the New Year’s party was a great success.

性定语从句中, 从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系很密切, 若缺少, 句意则不完整, 故从句前不用逗号隔开; 非性定语从句中, 从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系不太密切, 若缺少,句意仍然完整, 故从句一般都用逗号隔开。试比较以下两组句子:

The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink. Water, which is a clear liquid, is widely used in our everyday life.

His brother who is nineteen years old is serving in the army now. 不只一个哥哥 His brother, who is nineteen years old, is serving in the army now. 只有一个哥哥

The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, which means spending tens of thousands of pounds. I have many friends, of whom some are business.

定语从句的位置: 定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候, 定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语, 这样它们被分隔了, 这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。 There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 定语从句置于句末以示强调 The factory produced half a million of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

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同位语从句与定语从句从形式上看好像没什么区别, 实际上从含义和功能上看, 还是比较易区分的。同位语从句的先行词一般为fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名词, 而且关联词大都为that. 在idea, problem等词后根据句意可能用到who, when, why, how等其他关联词。关联词that在同位语从句中仅仅起连接作用, 不作任何成分, 但又不可省略。定语从句的关联词(关系代词和关系副词)在从句中是要充当句子成分的且有实际意义。

The suggestion that we should practice speaking English every day came from our monitor. 同位语 The suggestion (that) our monitor put forward at the meeting is very valuable. 关代, that作宾语 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

We haven’t settled the question of whether是否 it is necessary for him to study abroad.

考查whether引导的同位语从句。这个句子中的of可以省略, 形式上看, of后面的从句为介词的宾语从句,但实际上of连接的question与whether引导的从句是同位关系。在表示“是否”含义时, 用在介词后或在同位语从句中不可用if。

定语从句与强调句型的区别 强调句型一般总是使用It is…that…这个句子, 将被强调的成分(主语、宾语或状语)放在句式里。这个关联词that没有实际意义, 仅仅起连接作用, 但一般情况下不省略。当代英语有一种趋势: 如果强调的主语是人, 则可用who; 如果强调的宾语是人, 则可用whom; 如果强调时间状语, 则可用when;如果强调地点状语,则可用where。定语从句一般不用It is开头, 而且定语从句的关联词that在从句中担当句子成分。

It is Professor Johnson who/that is to visit China Agricultural University next week. 强调句型, who可换成that

This is Professor Johnson, who is to visit China Agricultural University next week. 定语从句, who不可换成that

It was with great joy that he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. 强调原因状语 The day which he was born on was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关代 The day that he was born on was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关代

The day on which he was born was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关代, 介词提前

The day he was born on was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关代which或that作表语省略 The day when he was born was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关副when The day that he was born was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关副that

The day he was born was New Year’s Day. 定语从句, 关副when或that省略

When he was born was New Year’s Day. 省略the day, 变成when引导的名词子句作主语

The day which he was born on was New Year’s Day. The day that he was born on was New Year’s Day. The day he was born on was New Year’s Day.

The day on which he was born was New Year’s Day. The day when he was born was New Year’s Day. The day that he was born was New Year’s Day. The day he was born was New Year’s Day. When he was born was New Year’s Day.

性定语从句: 与主句的关系比较密切, 它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。如果去掉, 会影响句子意思的完整。

非性定语从句: 表示与主句的关系不十分密切, 只是对先行词做些附件说明而已。如果去掉, 主句意思仍然清

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楚完整。它跟主句之间常用逗号分开, 翻译时通常不译作定语, 而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。 Tom is a boy who often helps others. Tom是一个经常帮助别人的男孩。

Yesterday I met Tom, who seemed a little upset. 昨天我见了Tom, 他看起来有些心烦意乱。 A doctor is a person who/that looks after people’s health. This is the diamond (which/that) the lady has lost.

The school (where/that) I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. That不能作为表示地点的关系副词

The school at which I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. The school which I studied at for only two years was three kilometers away. Where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I still remember the time (when/that) I first traveled by plane. I still remember the time at which I first traveled by plane. I still remember the time which I first traveled at by plane. I still remember when I first traveled by plane.

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War. My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here. Alice, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in Yale now.

The house, where a murder case happened last year, has got a lovely garden.

They planted some trees which/that didn’t need such water.

The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. This is the house where the old scientist once lived. =This is the house in which the old scientist once lived. =This is the house which the old scientist once lived in. =This is the house the old scientist once lived. =This is where the old scientist once lived.

I will never forget the day when I joined the Youth League. =I will never forget the day that I joined the Youth League. =I will never forget the day on which I joined the Youth League. =I will never forget the day which I joined the Youth League on. =I will never forget the day I joined the Youth League. =I will never forget when I joined the Youth League.

Do you know the man that/who is reading a book over there? This is a supermarket that/which sells a variety of goods. I don’t know the reason why/that he is late. =I don’t know the reason he is late. =I don’t know why he is late.

I’ll never forget the time during which I was with my friends in the country. =I’ll never forget the time when I was with my friends in the country. =I’ll never forget the time that I was with my friends in the country. =I’ll never forget the time I was with my friends in the country. =I’ll never forget when I was with my friends in the country.

I will offer you a better way in which you can do the job. =I will offer you a better way that you can do the job.

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=I will offer you a better way you can do the job. =I will offer you a better way how you can do the job.

She bought several clothes, on which she spent all her money. It is the grammar rules of which I am not sure. =It is the grammar rules which I am not sure of.

Can you see the river across which there is a bridge? 你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗?

He is swimming in the river, on which there is a boat. 他在那条河里游泳, 河面上有一只小船。 Here is the river in which I used to swim. 这儿就是我过去常常游泳的那条河。 This is the right book that/which I’m looking for. Mary is the girl for whom I bought this gift.

=Mary is the girl whom/that I bought this gift for. =Mary is the girl I bought this gift for.

The person to whom you talked just now is my father.

=The person whom/that you talked to just now is my father. =The person you talked to just now is my father.

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place all things are possible(America is where all things are possible=America is the place that all things are possible)

In an hour, we can travel to places which/that would have taken our ancestors days to reach.

This is the town which/that I wanted to visit most. This is the town and I wanted to visit it most. =This is the town I wanted to visit most.

This is the town where I was born. This is the town and I was born there. =This is the town that I was born. =This is the town I was born.

=This is the town on which I was born. =This is the town which I was born on. =This is the town that I was born on. =This is the town I was born on. =This is where I was born.

Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future. =Literature is the place that the past meets the present to contemplate the future. =Literature is the place the past meet s the present to contemplate the future. =Literature is where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.

I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place which I’d like to visit. =I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place I’d like to visit.

Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.

=Remember that the best relationship is one that your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.

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Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.

We moved here the year (that/when) my mother died.

I still remembered the summer (that/when) I walked around Paris.

The reason (why/that/for which) I called was to ask about the plans for Saturday. There was so many delicious ways you can prepare chicken.

This is the place (where/that) I lived five years. =This is where I lived five years. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? She knows the place (that/where) he stays.

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