2019高考英语 阅读理解专题选编(8)(含解析)

李仕才

A

The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humor has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost.

When Ratner took over his father’s chain of 140 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver decorations. By 1991, Ratner’s company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a bit meeting of top British business people, he suited up and explained the secret of his success —People say “How can we sell our goods for such a low price?”. He say “Because they are absolute rubbish.” His audience burst out laughing. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner’s shops.

Sales fell and six months after his speech ,Ratner’s share price had fallen by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke. 1.What are the British noted for according to the passage? A. Their jewelry shops.

B. Their love for jewelry. D. Their harmless humor.

C. Their jokes about themselves.

2.How did Ratner achieve success in his business? A. He cut down his labor cost.

B. He adopted an effective business model. C. He employed a lot of new staff.

D. He developed great relations with business VIPs.

3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “insulted”?

A. Offended. C. Abused.

B. Amazed. D. Attracted.

4.What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest? A. Action speaks louder than words. B. What goes around comes around. C.A friend in need is a friend indeed. D.A man may dig his grave with his teeth.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述的是英国零售商Gerald Ratner因为自嘲时说错话而导致失败的故事。

2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话中的“…he introduced a very clear company

policy.” 和第二句话He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. 可知他采用了一种有效的商业模式——以最低价销售产品，故选B。

3.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句话可知人们感到受到了侮辱冒犯，都不去他

的商店了，由此可知该词与offended一致，故选A。

B

(2015·河南毕业班适应性模拟练习)

Indians who like alcohol usually choose whiskey as their drink.But, slowly, wine is growing more popular in the country. India’s first vineyard, a farm where grapes are grown, is named Sula. Nagesh Kamble and his wife Snehal have come to the hilly vineyard from Pune, about two hundred kilometers south. The young couple wanted to learn how wine is made. They began drinking wine at a special event two years ago.

“It was in Pune when there was a wine tasting festival going on.”Snehal Kamble

威特沃特我依然 tells why the couple chose this time to come to Sula.“...it is our anniversary this week, so we are kind of celebrating.”

Sula Vineyards is India’s largest Indian wine­maker. Ten years ago it opened a tasting room to create a wine culture among people like the Kambles. About 200，000 people visit every year. It is especially busy on weekends. Visitors explore the vineyards. Then, they learn how to taste wine.

Indian tradition has not been approving of alcoholic drinks. And until now, whiskey is the kind of alcohol that the general public has accepted.

Neeraj Agarwal is vice president of Sula Vineyards. He has seen the change that has taken place since the company struggled to sell its first several thousand bottles of wine in 2000. Last year Sula sold more than seven million bottles. Mr. Agarwal believes that wine is helping change opinion about alcohol.

“In five years, the scenario has completely changed. Earlier, talking about alcohol in the open and seeing a woman having a glass of wine in hand was a taboo(禁忌). Now, it’s wonderful, families coming, sitting together and enjoying.”

Young professionals are the main supports of the growth in India’s wine market.The market is expanding at about 13 percent a year. Indian women still represent a very small number of the wine drinkers in the country. But their numbers are growing more than twice as fast as men. In big cities like Delhi and Mumbai, women buying wine or having a drink is no longer considered unacceptable.

1．Nagesh Kamble and his wife came to Sula Vineyards mainly to ________． A．take charge of the vineyard

B．learn about wine making

C．create a wine tasting culture D．celebrate their wedding anniversary

2．Who most probably made the remarks in Paragraph 6? A．A wine salesman. B．The vice president of Sula Vineyards. C．A young professional. D．A visitor who explored the vineyards.

3．Who contributes most to the growth in India’s wine market? A．Vineyards visitors. B．Wine makers. C．Indian women. D．Young professionals.

4．The text mainly tells us that ________． A．there is a love of wine growing in India B．Indians usually choose whiskey as their drink C．Sula Vineyards is India’s largest Indian wine­maker D．Indian men represent the largest number of wine drinkers

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以一对年轻夫妇到一个葡萄园学习酿酒的事情，阐述了一个事实：一直反对饮酒的印度人现在开始理解并越来越接受饮酒。这些主要源于年轻一代的支持。

1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“The young couple wanted to learn how wine is made.”可知，他们夫妻俩是来葡萄园学习如何酿酒的。故选B。

2．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Mr. Agarwal believes that wine is helping change opinion about alcohol.”可知，葡萄园副园长Mr.Agarwal认为现在人们改变了对酒精的态度，而第六段是具体阐述，即第六段中的话也是副园长Mr.Agarwal说的。故选B。

3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Young professionals are the main supports of the growth in India’s wine market.”可知，D项正确。

4．解析：选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以前印度人是反对酒精的，而这些年情况逐渐改变，印度人越来越喜欢饮酒。A项概括了本文的主要内容。故选A。 C

It’s 5:00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. I roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. I turn on the light and put on my glasses. The house is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. Usually I go for a long run, but today I choose my favorite exercise DVD insanity. Sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. My heart races as I face my body to finish each movement. As I near the end of the exercise, I feel extremely tired, but a smile is of my face. It’s not a smile because the DVD is over, but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.

Some people enjoy shopping, smoking, food, work, or even chocolate. But I need exercise to get through each day. Some shake heads when they see me run through the town. Others get hurt when I refuse to try just one bite of their grandmother’s chocolate cake. They raise their eyebrows, surprised by my “no thank you,” or by my choice to have a salad. Over the years, I have learned it’s okay to just say “no.” I shouldn’t feel sorry for refusing food that I don’t want to eat.

So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m.? What gives me the reason to just say to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases self –confidence and energy, extends life and above all improve my body shape. This is the point where a smile appears on my face as I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right.

It’s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.

( ) 1.Why is there a smile on the author’s face in the morning? A. Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully. B. Because she finishes her favorite exercise C. Because she enjoys the interesting DVD D. Because she feels a sense of achievement

( ) 2. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A. She doesn’t treat others politely B. She likes to make others surprised C. Others don’t understand what she does D. Others try to help her by offering her food

( ) 3. What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean? A. Good health B. Firm belief C.A strong power D.A regular half ( ) 4. What can we learn about the author from the text? A. She acts in a strange way

B. She wants to look different from others C. She aims to develop a good body shape D. She has difficult getting along with others 【要点综述】

本文叙述了作者不辞辛苦地坚持锻炼，有时还不为他人所理解的故事；她只为自己的坚定信念，即通过锻炼来改变自己。 【参】1---4、DCBC D

(2015·河南三市第二次调研)

Mostly, only a single answer is correct to a question. But there is one question that has numberless correct answers. That question is “What’s your name？” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well­known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”；Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”； Donald means “world ruler”； Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, Smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some other occupational names are：Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans.

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great­great­great­grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size,

or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.English­speaking people added ­s or ­son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac­ or Mc­ or O­.Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

1．Which of the following is NOT covered in the surnames of the passage? A．People’s characters. B．People’s occupations.

C．Places where people lived. D．Talents that people possessed.

2．According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably ________．

A．owned or drove a cart B．made things with metals

C．built houses and furniture D．made kitchen tools or containers

3．Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new­born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________．

A．Beatrice Smith B．Leonard Carter

C．Donald Greenwood D．George Longstreet

4．The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s ________．

A．ancestors B．later generations

C．friends and relatives D．colleagues and partners

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了西方人姓名的来历。西方人的姓一般跟居住地、职业和个人天赋有关；名字常常用以表达个人美好的愿望。有一些家庭的孩子的名字是在父亲的名字后面加上­s或者­son。

1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的“A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook”可知，姓可能跟居住地有关，故排除C项；根据第六段第一句“Other early surnames came from people’s occupations.”可知，姓可能与职业有关，故排除B项；根据第八段第一句“Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair...or their special abilities.”可知，姓可能与人的头发的颜色、特殊的技能等有关，故排除D项；只有A项文中未提及。故A项正确。

2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Other early surnames came from people’s occupations.”可知，姓与职业有关；根据该段最后一句中的“Potter—a person who made pots and pans”可知，姓Potter的人，很可能是从事制造炊事用具的人。pots and pans意为“炊事用具”。故D项正确。

3．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“The Greenwood family lived in or

near a leafy forest.”可知，住在森林附近的人姓Greenwood；根据第四段中的“Donald means‘world ruler’”可知，Donald意为“世界的统治者”，由此可推知，一个住在森林附近、想要他的孩子成为世界领袖的人，他给孩子起的名字应为Donald Greenwood。故C项正确。

4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.English­speaking people added ­s or ­son.”可知，有一些家庭的孩子的名字是在父亲的名字后面加上­s或者­son，由此可推知，Johnsons是John的后代。故画线词意为“后代”。故B项正确。 E

Some years ago on a hot summer day in south Florida a little boy decided to go for a swim in the old swimming lake behind his house.

In a hurry to dive into the cool water，he ran out the back door，leaving behind his shoes，socks，and shirt as he went.He flew into the water，not realizing that as he swam toward the middle of the lake，an alligator (鳄鱼) was swimming toward the shore. His mother in the house was looking out of the window and saw the two as they got closer and closer.In extreme fear，she ran toward the water，yelling to her son as loudly as she could.Hearing her voice，the little boy became alarmed and made a U­turn to swim to his mother.It was too late.Just as he reached her，the alligator reached him. From the dock (码头)，the mother grabbed her little boy by the arms just as the alligator snatched his legs.That began an incredible tug­of­war (拔河)．The alligator was much stronger than the mother，but the mother was much too passionate (感情强烈的)．A farmer

威特沃特我依然 happened to drive by，took aim and shot the alligator.

After weeks and weeks in the hospital，the little boy survived.The newspaper reporter asked if he would show him his scars.The boy lifted his legs，then，with obvious pride，he said to the reporter，“But look at my arms.I have great scars on my arms，too.I have them because my mom wouldn’t let go.”

Some scars are unsightly and have caused us deep regret.But，some wounds are because love has refused to let go.

1．From the second paragraph we can infer that________. A．a child shouldn’t swim in the water by himself B．we’d better grasp some skills to defend ourselves

C．we should make enough preparations before diving into water D．we are enjoying ourselves but don’t know the enemy is coming

解析： 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，当我们玩得高兴的时候，我们对即将到来的灾难浑然不知。 答案： D

2．The incredible tug­of­war began between________. A．the boy and the alligator C．the alligator and the mother

B．the boy and the mother D．the alligator and the farmer

解析： 细节理解题。通过这个小男孩得救的过程可以断定，所谓的拔河是鳄鱼和妈妈之间进行的，故选C。 答案： C

3．The underlined word “alarmed” in paragraph 3 means________. A．frightened

B．wondered

C．confident D．disappointed

解析： 词义猜测题。男孩在听到妈妈的喊声之后，感觉非常害怕，掉头向妈妈游去，frightened意为“受惊的”，符合语境。 答案： A

4．Which of the following statements is true? A．The alligator was killed by a hunter.

B．There’re scars both on the boy’s legs and arms. C．The mother was quiet when seeing the alligator. D．The mother won the“match” because of her strength.

解析： 细节理解题。由倒数第二段The boy lifted his legs...I have great scars on my arms，too.可知，男孩腿和手臂都有伤疤，故选B。 答案： B

5．Why was the boy proud when he showed the scars on his arms? A．He survived luckily. C．He was injured slightly.

B．He was a child of God.

D．He was proud of the scars of love.

解析： 推理判断题。尽管受伤了，但那是母亲的爱留下的伤疤，所以男孩感到自豪。 答案： D。