大学英语四(综合教程)第三单元

Unit 3 Copyright

Listen and Talk Lead in

Copyright is the 1. legal right, given to the originator or their assignee for a 2. number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, musical, or artistic material, and to 3. others to do the same.

A federal judge’s ruling in New York Wednesday that Internet music 4. must pay up to $250 million to Universal Music Group for copyright infringements has 5. questions not just about the future of MP3.com, but also generally the future for 6. music, movies and other 7. from the Internet.

U.S. District Judge Jed said MP3.com \"willfully” violated copyrights and 8. per Universal CD. 9. .\"

MP3.com vowed to appeal.\"10. , even if it’s on the Internet.\" said MP3.com CEO Michael Robertson.

Key: 1. exclusive; 2. fixed; 3. authorize; 4. distributor; 5. raised 6. downloading; 7. products; 8. ordered it to pay $25000

9. An exact number of CDs and total damages will be determined at a November hearing. 10.We believe that everyone should have the right to listen to the music they purchase

Passage A: 10 Big Myths About Copyright

2. Analyze the following cases to see whether they are legal or illegal based on the

information obtained from the reading passage. An example has been provided for you.

Case In 1999 people can use a picture in their work Legal Illegal Reason Legal without any permission from the photographer. Illegal In the first paragraph we know signatory nations follow the Berne copyriconvention. The default you should assume for other people’s works is that they are copyrighted Yesterday I downloaded some files from BBS and made copies of them for my Legal Illegal clients. When I was a child in 1972, my uncle wrote a song for me. Now he is old, and has forgotten it, but I still remember the song. Now I play it in my own restaurant. Legal Illegal My friend privately lent his company’s software developing system to me. Legal Illegal My friend copied some sentences from China Daily Legal and sent them to me for my thesis. Illegal I borrowed some music disks from my friend and gave them to my sister. Legal Illegal We decided that our photo shop would be named after the Great Wall Photo in our campus. But our classmates told us not to Legal Illegal use it, because the Great Wall Computer would sue us. I sent an e-mail about how to solve the problem to my Legal brother and he used it in his paper. Illegal Answer: 1.illegal, 2.illegal, 3.legal, 4.illegal, 5.legal, 6. legal, 7. legal, 8. legal 3. Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.

1. Why should we follow the copyright law although some works do not carry a copyright notice? Because the default we assume for other people's works is that they are copyrighted. 2. What do you think of personal copying of music without any commercial purposes?

This does not violate the copyright.

3. What condition must we obey when we want to use somebody’s works posted in the public domain?

Either the author puts a note explicitly saying \"I grant this to the public domain,\" or you can get the author's authorization.

4. How can I avoid violating the copyright law if I want to use some characters from somebody else’s work in my story?

You need the author's permission.

5. When will people be punished severely if they violate copyright?

When commercial copyright violation is more than 10 copies and value over $2 500.

4.Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the missing word has been given to you.

This article addresses a range of common 1) m about copyright, by outlining and explaining the related USA Copyright 2) l . It looks at issues such as which materials are free from copyright 3) r , what the acceptable 4) u of copyright materials is, what the 5) s of copyright brand names is, and what the legal 6) c of copyright violations might be. Through the article the author encourages readers to beware of falling for the 7) m about copyright, and to give legal and 8) e consideration to copyright issues. Anwser: 1.misconceptions 2.laws 3.restrictions 4.usage 5.scope 6.consequences 7.myths 8.ethical

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

block anonymous derive quote rationalize

contact exclusive violate default charge

1. Priests thought angrily that the soldiers ___ the church by using it as a stable. 2. We ___ knowledge not only from books, but also from practice.

3. Yesterday I was caught in the rain, so now my nose is all __ up and I can hardly breathe. 4. The ___ system in this lap-top computer is Windows XP.

5. He further ___ his activities by convincing himself that he was actually promoting environmental protection.

6. The saxophonist ___ the Kenny G melody Going Home in his solo.

7. Through an exciting bid for building the bridge, we won the ___ contract in the end. 8. She immediately called an officer at the Naval Intelligence Service, who in turn ___ the FBI. 9. After he reported the truth, he received many ___ letters and phone calls. 10. --Do they ___ for the use of the telephone? --Yeah! Half yuan per minute!

Answer: 1.violated, 2.derive, 3.blocked, 4.default, 5.rationalize,

6.quoted, 7.exclusive, 8.contacted , 9.anonymous , 10.charge 6. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.Make changes where necessary.

1. Whether you go on with your study or not ___ you. 2. Yesterday the heavy fog ___ a car crash on the highway.

3. He ___ driving a car while under the influence of alcohol.

4. It ___ for him to tell her the truth that her son died in the war, because her husband just went out of this world last month.

5. Who are in charge of ___ these leaflets?

Answer: 1.is up to, 2.resulted in, 3.was charged with, 4.was unlikely, 5.handing out

7. Find these words in the passage, decide the word class, and write it and the translation of the word in the space provided. Then complete the table by forming other words using appropriate suffixes if necessary. Consult your dictionary.

Vocabulary Word Word create originally Class Translation Noun Word Building Verb Adjectives violation exception commercial grant excerpt defend amend rationalize Word create Noun creation origin commerce grant defence Verb creative originate violate except excerpt defendable Class Translation v. 创造 Adjectives original violative exceptional

originally adv. 最初；原先 violation exception commercial grant excerpt defend amend rationalize n. n. adj. v. n. v. v. v. 违反 例外 商业的 准予 摘录 防护 修正 使合理化 amendment amendable rational

8. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 他理个发就要收500元，简直不可思议。（charge） It is simply unbelievable for him to charge 500 dollars for a haircut. 2. 人民赋予你，你就应该全心全意为人民服务。（grant）

People grant you the privilege, so you should serve the people wholeheartedly. 3. 天气预报很重要，依据它我们才能决定什么时候出航。（so that） The weather forecast is very important so that we can decide when to go to sea.

4. 炮声打破了往常周日早晨的宁静，人们强烈预感到战争就要来临。(violate)

The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning, and people had a strong feeling that the war was coming.

5. 即使你每分钟看3页，到本周末你无论如何也看不完这本书。（even though）

Even though you read three pages per minute, you will by no means finish the book by the end of this weekend.

9. Read following sentences carefully, and then make your own sentences using the patterns in boldface type.

1. But frankly you should not risk it unless you know for sure. you should not risk it unless .

2. If you violate copyright you would not be charged with a crime, but usually get sued.

not but .

3. Whether it has a notice or not, almost everything created privately and originally after April 1, 19 is copyrighted and protected. Whether or not .

4. You also can’t \"copyright a name” or anything short like that, such as almost all titles. or something / anything (+ adj) such as .

5. You should think about the fact that piracy on the net hurts everybody who wants a chance to use this wonderful new technology to do more than read other people’s flamewars. You should think about the fact that more than .

1. But to be honest you should not risk it if you know for sure.

2. If you are late for the meeting, you will not be blamed by the person in charge of the meeting, but you’ll feel a little shameful.

3. Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the TV. 4. I like reading science fiction or something exciting like that, such as the X Files.

5. You should think about the fact that nowadays many people care about the quality of a TV set more than its price.

Passage B: Are You a Copyright Criminal?

12. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false based on the information in the reading passage. Write \"T” for true or \"F” for false in each statement.

1. Copyright owners are becoming more aggressive, using new scanning and duplicating technologies to enforce their rights. A) true B) false

2. The purpose of the copyright violators in copying others' materials is to save money and more often to seek illegal profits. A) true B) false

3. Some violators do the illegal copying knowingly, believing their chances of getting caught are a small risk for the big payoff of easy access to high-quality prefabricated content. A) true

B) false

4. Nowadays the law-enforcing activities have been stepped up to solve the problem out-of-court. A) true B) false

5. According to a 1993 survey by the Training Media Association, the amount of copyright violation now is less than before because copyright violators have to pay a stiff fine if they do. A) true

B) false

Answer: 1.F, 2.T, 3.T, 4.F, 5.F

13. Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.

1. Why does the passage say the copyright owners are becoming more aggressive? Because they are using new tactics and technologies to enforce their rights. 2. Why do some managers encourage their people to do illegal copying?

Because they don't want to pay for the use of the copyrighted materials or they give a short shrift to the copyright.

3. What is the lower limit set for severe punishment of copyright violation in the USA?

Commercial copyright violation involving more than 10 copies and a value of more than $2 500. 4. What is the purpose for the TMA to offer fines?

To encourage people to report on illegal copying or unauthorized \"public performance\" of off-the-shelf training videos.

5. What does the two-month review of comments posted to Listservs show? It shows there is a general lack of understanding about what constitutes legal use.

14. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

duplicate knowingly tactic trample budget

witness patrol abuse manual enforce

1. We ___ tremendous changes in the city where new interchanges and express-ways could be seen here and there.

2. Don't ___ on the flowers when you play in the garden.

3. According to the investigation by FBI, he was accused of ___ a privilege.

4. Read the ___ carefully before you press the button.

5. In order to climb over the snow mountain, we ___ our expenses because we have to buy the life-preserver.

6. She will never ___ hurt anyone because she is a kind-hearted girl by nature.

7. Because one of the players in our team was ordered off the field, the coach had to use a delaying ___ .

8. In the evening we see policemen ___ our street against any possible disturbances.

9. After five-month's debating, the Committee for Economic Development submitted to congress the annual ___ which amounted to 1.2 billion.

10. The professor asked the research team to provide statistics that would ___ argument. Answer: 1.have witnessed, 2.trample, 3.abusing, 4.manual, 5.duplicated, 6.knowingly, 7.tactic, 8.patrolling, 9.budget, 10.enforce 15. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions chosen from the passage. Change the form where necessary.

1. If you continue to steal, you will ___ in prison.

2. All idle talk wasted our time and we should ___ it ___ .

3. In the face of the blood-shedding we must ___ effective measures stop it. 4. The airport built near our residential area ___ our right to a quiet environment. 5. The gear ____ the machine, so you must change it.

Answer: 1.end up, 2.give...short shrift, 3.step up...to, 4.infringed on, 5.doesn't fit into

16.Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in this passage. Choose the noun that you think collocates with each verb and write it in the blank. If you think more than one is possible, write them down.

Verbs Nouns to pay 1. law to enforce 2. deadlines to violate 3. rehearsals to save 4. permission to hit 5. a copy to give 6. a fine to do 7. an interview to make 8. a presentation to seek 9. money

to conduct 10. rights

16.Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in this passage. Choose the noun that you think collocates with each verb and write it in the blank. If you think more than one is possible, write them down. Verbs Nouns to pay 1. law to enforce 2. deadlines to violate 3. rehearsals to save 4. permission to hit 5. a copy to give 6. a fine to do 7. an interview to make 8. a presentation to seek 9. money to conduct 10. rights

Answer: 1.a fine 2.rights/law 3.law/rights 4.money

5.deadlines

6.a presentation 7.rehearsals

8.a copy/money 9.permission

10.an interview

17. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 他无需认真考虑就可轻易击败对手。（giving a second thought） He can beat his opponent easily without giving a second thought.

2. 在根本不懂得驾驶的情况下，他居然把车开上了公路。（用with结构） With little or no knowledge of driving, he drove the car onto the road.

3. 对这座桥梁的施工未经许可进行更改是违法的。（unauthorized） It is illegal to make an unauthorized change in the construction of the bridge.

4. 我会平静地接受这个事实，因为我知道如果我完不成任务，全队就有可能面临失败。（chance）

I could accept this fact calmly because I knew if I weren't able to finish the mission, chances were that the team would be defeated.

5. 偏远山区里的孩子们严重缺乏科学文化知识。 （lack in）

Children in remote mountain areas are lacking in scientific and cultural knowledge.