语法填空考点和做题技巧
一、知识精讲
1．语法填空题解题步骤： （1）浏览全文，把握语篇
把握其大意，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词，并采用什么样的语法形式。要弄清文章的体裁、题材、中心思想等，有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。 （2）边读边填，先易后难
遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 （3）验证复查，清除难点
将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。 2．语法填空题考查形式及考点分布： （1） 出题方式：设关键词和不设关键词。
（2）设关键词：考查形容词、副词或者动词的用法。
①形容词、副词：考查比较级和最高级，备考方法：准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的形式。
②动词：考查谓语和非谓语动词，即时态语态、分词、动名词、不定式。
谓语动词的备考方法：了解各种时态的标志词以及特征，判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用。
非谓语动词的备考方法：掌握加to do以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态。
（3）不设关键词：考查冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词的用法（情冠连介代）。 ①冠词：考查定冠词和不定冠词，备考方法：准确判断语境是特指还是非特指。 ②介词：考查搭配及具体语境的用法，备考方法：熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法。 ③代词：考查人称物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词，备考方法：注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应。
④情态动词：考查各个情态动词的用法，备考方法：注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度。 ⑤连词：考查并列连词和从属连词的用法，备考方法：判断上下句之间的逻辑关系或熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连词的特定用法。
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注意：不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，如：not…until…； not only…but (also)…； so…that…； not…but…； as…as…； either…or…； more…than…； neither…nor…； such…that…； hardly…when…； no sooner…than…等。 3．语法填空两三空填词：（按含义分类）
虽然，尽管：despite+名词，regardless of+名词，in spite of+名词，Although+句子，though+
句子
即使：even if=even though+句子 仿佛，好像：as if=as though+句子
以防：in case=for fear that+句子，in case of+名词
因为：because=in that+句子，because of=owing to=due to+名词 既然，因为：now that =since+句子 只要：as/so long as+句子 一……就：as soon as+句子 如果：if=on condition that+句子
无论怎样：however +形容词/副词= no matter how +形容词/副词 无论什么：whatever +名词，no matter what + 名词
没有，而不是：instead of +名词，rather than+do/doing/n（所接词性视前后并列结构而定） 应当：ought to +do 必须，不得不：have to +do 4．语法填空解题技巧：
（1）下列情况很可能填不定冠词： ①________+可数名词(单数)； ②________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。 下列情况下很可能填定冠词：
①________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)； ②________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
③________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
（2）①连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。
②若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连
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接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
（3）在无提示词题型当中，空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)，it 等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
（4）在有提示词题型当中，通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。
二、巩固练习
1. In many countries, （1）______ is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together in the shared space.（2） ____, in the United States, this idea may still be considered strange.
But this type of housing, （3）______(call) co-housing, is gaining（4） _____ (popular) in the United States, too. Co-housing complexes are popping up across the country. For many people, this way of life is （5）____ relief to the busy modern lifestyle. A co-housing community has（6） _____ (private) owned houses and shared land. There is often a “common house” with a kitchen and dining room, meeting room, and maybe a workshop of library or music room. About 25 co-housing communities（7）____ (build) in recent years, and 150 more are planned.
A co-housing complex is a place（8） ____ residents shop, cook, and eat together. Residents of a co-housing complex like its sense of shared community. Children have other kids to play（9） ____, which many families like. Other residents like the feeling of living in a “village”. Residents also say that they can live in co-housing for （10）_____ money than they would pay for nearby apartments.
【答案】1. it 2. However 3. called 4. popularity 5. a 6. privately 7. have been built 8. where 9. with 10. Less
2. Nothing can compare to the warm hug of a person, but when there is no one else around, this little Japanese（1）_____ (invent) can do the job quite well. It is called the “tranquility chair”,（2）_____ back is shaped like a giant human doll with a（3）_____ (friend) face and long arms that can wrap around you in an affectionate hug. The chair is the product of a Japanese company.
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“It（4）_____ (make) you feel safe,” said a spokesman in that company. “（5）_____ it is specially designed for the old, anyone can use it.”
Given that a quarter of Japan’s population is（6）_____ (current) over the age of 65, and the number is expected to rise（7）_____ 2500 million or so in the coming decades, the hugging chair is really quite suitable for the Japanese market. The company has also come up with a similar product like “Life Rhythm Dolls”, which are programmed（8）_____ (remind) the users to take their medicine on time.
Meanwhile, the spokesman explained that the chair is also designed to help dementia(痴呆) patients as well as people（9）_____ (suffer) from fear,（10）_____ (anxious) or uncontrollable anger.
【答案】1. invention 2. whose 3. friendly 4. makes 5. Although 6. currently 7. to 8. to remind 9. suffering 10. anxiety
三、小结
语法填空题常常考察过去分词作定语；考察形容词的最高级；考察非性定语从句 考察被动语态；考察现在分词作伴随状语；考察现在完成进行时；考察it作形式宾语的句型；考察介词；考察情态动词；考察介词，表示原因的两空介词。
四、作业
完成语法填空专项练习
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