雅思大作文AcdemicWriting评分标准首段写法主体段写法

雅思大作文AcdemicWriting评分标准首段写法

主体段写法

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Academic Writing Task 2 IELTS Writing Task2 评分标准解析

•Band 8 description

–Task Response

•Length

•Address all questions directly •Clear position and well developed –Coherence and Cohesion

•Cohesive devices •Clear progression

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•Clear central topic –Lexical Resource

•Use a wide range of vocabulary

•Skillfully use uncommon items

•Error free

–Grammatical Range and Accuracy

•Use a wide range of structures

•Error free

Task2 评分标准解析

•LR 得分对策

•避免口语词汇

•always; very; a lot of

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•避免表意不明

•new things; bad things

•避免使用使役动词

•make sth adj.

•避免意译

•starting places; cut out

Writing Task 2 分类突破•雅思写作话题分类

–Report 【报告型】

•Reasons •Influences •Measures

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–Argumentation 【论证型】

•Opinions •Evidences

首段写法

•差距：

–在当今社会，差距很普遍并且越来越明显。这种状况如果得不到有效的解决将会给

社会带来各种问题。本文将探讨差距产生的原因并提出相应的解决方案。

•国际旅游

–当前，出国旅游现在已经非常普遍并且人们在旅游过程中了解的异国文化。这种国家之

间的了解对国际关系将产生重大影响。本文将探讨国际旅游受欢迎的主要原因以及对个人与社会的影响。

•环境污染：

–在21世纪，人类面临着严峻的环境问题。这个问题如果没有得到有效的控制，会威胁人

类的生存。在本文中，我将探讨环境污染的主要原因并提出有效的解决方案。

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首段写法

•差距：

–In the contemporary societies, the gap between the rich and the poor is

prevalent and becoming increasingly obvious. If this situation is not addressed effectively, it will give rise to a variety of social problems. In this essay. I will look into the reasons for the wealth gap and bring forth corresponding solutions.

首段写法

•国际旅游

–In recent years, international travel has been increasingly popular across the

world and the tourists learn about the distinctive cultures from their own through traveling. Such understanding between people has significantly affected the international relations. In this essay, I will investigate about the reason for increase of international tourists and analyze the effects on individuals and the society.

首段写法

•环境问题

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–In the 21st century, the human race is facing grave environmental condition than

any previous times. If the trend is not reversed, the survival of human being will be in risk. In this essay, I will elaborate on the causes of environmental damages and put forward corresponding solutions.

首段写法

•差距：

–在当今社会，差距很普遍并且越来越明显。这种状况如果得不到有效的解决将会给

社会带来各种问题。本文将探讨差距产生的原因并提出相应的解决方案。

•国际旅游

–当前，出国旅游现在已经非常普遍并且人们在旅游过程中了解的异国文化。这种国家之

间的了解对国际关系将产生重大影响。本文将探讨国际旅游受欢迎的主要原因以及对个人与社会的影响。

•环境污染：

–在21世纪，人类面临着严峻的环境问题。这个问题如果没有得到有效的控制，会威胁人

类的生存。在本文中，我将探讨环境污染的主要原因并提出有效的解决方案。

首段写法

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– According to one recent survey, the number of private cars in Beijing

has increased by 20% to 2 million and it is difficult to foresee any downward trend.

– THESIS STATEMENT

– This ever-swelling car ownership in many big cities as well as

countryside is causing numerous problems.

– It is reported that the world is facing a worsening youth employment

crisis: young people are three times more likely to be unemployed than adults and over 75 million youth worldwide are looking for work.

– THESIS STATEMENT

– The impacts of the situation should be given adequate attention.

– Proving surprising facts: statistics

– According to a recent survey, more than 70% of the ……

– It is reported that ......

– An authoritative magazine concerning … reveals that …

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– In a study conducted by the Medical Association, researchers

concluded that …

– Practice:

– The dying out of species

– Surprising statement: from experts or researches

– …, as educationalists suggests / points out / advises

– Studies have shown that / proven that …

– … (facts) …. Some experts draw the conclusion that ……

• Practice:

– Noise pollution

– Long term exposure in noise could lead to serious physical disorders or

even fatal disease, as medical experts advises / cautions / suggests.

– THESIS STATEMENT

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– They also prompt the government to identify the sources of noise and

to take effective actions to reduce noise.

– Noise pollution adversely affects the lives of millions of people. Studies

have shown that there are direct links between noise and health. Problems related to noise include hearing loss, sleep disruption, low productivity and so on, among which Hearing Loss is the most common.

– THESIS STATEMENT

– These health hazards can only be eliminated though identifying the

main sources and the measures to reduce noises.

•Sample:

–In recent decades, an increasing number of museums and galleries have been

built in my countries, most of which are equipped with the latest technology and advanced facilities. What is the function of such places and who should be responsible for financing such places?

•Most teens have money to spend thanks to an allowance or after-school job,

but do they have the money management skills to go along with that income? Therefore some people suggest that we should teach children about financial management at an early age.

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•It is known to all that noise can be annoying, but are you aware of the fact

that the impacts of noise on our health can be appalling?

THESIS STATEMENT

To alleviate the hazardous effects, it is critical to identify the main sources of noise and take necessary measures to reduce noise pollution.

•素材梳理：

–[C7T3 Page 167] WRITING TASK 2

–As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an

important element of individual wellbeing.

–What factors contribute to job satisfaction?

–How realistic is the expectoration of job satisfaction for all workers?

Report主体段结构

•考官范文赏析：

–Body 1

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•“Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.”

–Firstly, feel the work is valued and valuable and feel the job is worth doing

–Secondly, a sense of progression

–The sense of belonging also contribute to …

–Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility

Report主体段结构

•素材梳理：

–[环境资源类] Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying

out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why are people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?

Report主体段结构

•素材梳理：

–Page 228 Reasons and solutions for juvenile crime.

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Report主体段结构

•素材梳理：

–Page 246 Reasons and solutions to water shortage

Report主体段结构

•素材组织：

–[环境资源类] Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying

out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why are people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（平民版）： –首先

•First of all; to begin with; first

–其次

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•In addition; besides; in addition to

–再次

•Moreover; what’s more

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（砖家版）：

–Reasons [主要次要；直接间接]

•一个主要原因是

–The major / main / prime cause is that …

•另一个因素是

–The other contributing factor involves …

•….也不能被忽略

–In addition, … should not be ignored

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Report主体段结构

•素材组织（砖家版）：

–Measures [有效性]

•一个有效解决方案是…

•One effective approach to solve the problem is … •此外，…也是一个可行的选择。

•Besides, to do … is also a feasible choice. •如果能…, 问题也能得到极大的解决

•Provided that … can be done, this issue could be largely improved.

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（专家版）：

Report主体段结构

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•素材组织（专家版）：

–The first reason is associated with the mass media, whether it is print media such

as newspaper or magazine or the electronic media including the internet or TV, where the readers or audiences are bombarded with fashionable content.

–However, whether to buy something fashionable is ultimately determined by we

individuals, or more exactly, consumers.

–Therefore, some consideration should be given to the buyer themselves.

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（专家版）：

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（专家版）：

–Many people suggest that the failure of family education may be to blame.

–Due to the fact that young children spent the major part of time in school

–educationalists also point out that there is a problem with school education as

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well.

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（专家版）：

–To reduce juvenile crime, first of all, parents should regulate children’s behavior

and instill correct view of life.

–Though educating about right and wrong can reduce crime in the long run, to

halt the current trend of juvenile crime, children should develop clear recognition about the consequences of inappropriate behaviors, where schools are in the best position to implement the solution.

–Schools should incorporate legal education into the elementary curriculum.

Report主体段结构

•素材组织（专家版）：

–C8 Page 167 solution to traffic and pollution

–I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. …

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–However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private

vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers. …

Task 2 论据扩展方法

•论据扩展：

–[环境资源类] Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying

out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why are people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–The main reason is that a large proportion of people lack the awareness of

protecting the endangered species.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–The main reason is that a large proportion of people lack the awareness of

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protecting the endangered species.

•Why so? 【给出原因】 •Really? 【给出具体事例】

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–the main reason is that a large proportion of people lack the awareness of

protecting the endangered species.

•[解释原因] Many people assume that there is no direct relation beween the

living of those plants and animals and ours.

•[解释后果] As a result, people seldom see the necessity and the significance to

invest heavily on protection, due to which many species become extinct.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–The other contributing factor involves the economic development.

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–[解释原因] Economic growth is invariably accompanied by taking resources from

the nature such as cutting down woods in the forest, and discharging waste and pollutant into the nature.

–[解释后果] In this process, the habitats of many species are destroyed.

–[举例说明] Taking chemical industry for example, as it contributes to the overall

national economy, the toxic water and other substances, which were discharged without being treated, have been the main cause of extinction of some aquatic lives.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–People tend to give priority to economic development rather than species

conservation.

–[解释原因] Generally speaking, ecomomic benefits are the primary concern of

people, while protecting endangered species demands tremendous amount of resources and produced limited values.

–[解释后果]Accordingly, being confronted with the choices, most would choose to

develop the economy at the expenses of some species.

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Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–To improve the current situation, the government need to launch educational

program to inform the public about the significance of protecting endangered species.

–How to do that? 【C8T3】 –Is that effective?

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•主体段落论据扩展：

–For example, schools can open courses concerning environmental protection,

and the government can broadcast educational contents through the mass media to the public. In this way, people will becoming increasing aware of the living condition of endangered species and take necessary actions.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•论点表述：

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–[20081023] Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post，

TV，internet etc.) to study at home，but some people think that it can not bring the benefit as much as attending college or university.

–Discuss both views and gives your opinion.

•远程学习

•上大学（在学校学习）

•讨论双方观点并给出自己的观点

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

–Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post，TV，internet

etc.) to study at home，but some people think that it can not bring the benefit as much as attending college or university.

–Discuss both views and gives your opinion.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

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•[Task 2 真题练习]

–[TS] One obvious advantage for students going to university is that studying in

university may contribute to enhancing the students’ communicative abilities.

•在学校学习一个最大的优势在于…

•大学学习对提高学生的交流能力有益。

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

–[Ss] This is primarily / mainly because

•这主要是因为…

–students living on the university campus will be able to get plenty of

opportunities to communicate with different people, such as their roommates, classmates and tutors.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

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–[Ss] For example, when

–students have problems about their studies, they may try to get a clear

understanding of the question by communicating and discussing with their professors. In the process, students will be able to acquire the skills of communication.

–[Ss] By contrast, if

–students stay at home, learning through distance learning programs, they may be

deprived of the opportunity to communicate with their peers and teachers.

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

–[Ss] From the analysis above, it is clear that

•由以上的分析，可以看出…

–attending university will benefit the students involved in terms of communicative

skills, which are essential for their future careers.

–[150 words]

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Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

–[TS] The most obvious advantage for students going to university is that

university education may contribute to enhancing the students’ communicative abilities.

•This is primarily / mainly because ……

•For example, when …… •By contrast, if …… •From the analysis above, it is clear that ……

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

–[TS] Government should take the main responsibility to address the

environmental problem.

•This is primarily / mainly because ……

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•For example, when …… •By contrast, …… •From the analysis above, it is clear that ……

Task 2 主体段落扩展

•[Task 2 真题练习]

–[TS] However, on the other hand, by stressing the role that governments play

does not mean the individuals can not make significant change to the current situaiton.

•This is primarily / mainly because ……

•For example, when …… •By contrast, if …… •From the analysis above, it is clear that ……

Report末段

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•Report 构思：

–末段：总结要点

•总之，……问题涉及到多方面的原因，

•但是结合上面提到的方式，我们可以有效的减少负面影响。

•In conclusion, multiple reasons result in the current …… (problem / issue),

•while by combining the approaches mentioned above, we can effectively

minimize the negative influences or even eliminate the problem.

Report 真题实战 Report 写作分析

Writing Task 2

–In many countries, more and more young people are leaving school and unable

to find jobs after graduation. What problems do you think youth unemployment will cause to the individuals and the society and what measures can be adopted to solve this problem?

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Report 写作分析 Report 写作分析

•写提纲：

–Problems that unemployment causes

•New graduates would live in miserable situation.

•Cause huge waste of talent

•Increase the instability of society

–Solutions

•New graduates should lower their working expectation

•Graduates should equip themselves with new skills

•Government should make effort in creating more working opportunities

Report 写作分析

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•合理安排：

–Problems that unemployment causes

•For individuals, new graduates would live in miserable situation.

•For society, it causes huge waste of talent

•For society, Increase the instability of society

–Solutions

•At the individual level, new graduates should lower their working

expectation

•At the individual level, graduates should equip themselves with new skills

•At the governmental level, government should make effort in creating more

working opportunities

Task 2 论点论证结构

•Report 构思：

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–[2009.11.7] WRITING TASK 2

–Recent statistics show that the crimes committed by the young people in the

major city of the world are on the increase. Give your analysis of the reasons and the solutions.

–Reasons:

•Increasing stress in life

•Negative influence from media

•Adolescent psychological problems are not well treated

Task 2 论点论证结构

•Report 构思：

–[2009.11.7] WRITING TASK 2

–Reasons:

•TS: Most contributing factors are associated with environment that youth live

in.

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•Increasing stress in life and study

•Negative information from modern media

•TS: Another element is intertwined with psychological education.

•Adolescent psychological problems are not well treated

Task 2 论点论证结构

•Report 构思：

–[2009.11.7] WRITING TASK 2

–Recent statistics show that the crimes committed by the young people in the

major city of the world are on the increase. Give your analysis of the reasons and the solutions.

–Solutions:

•Promote psychological education

•Provide psychological consultancy services

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•Depurate network environment

Task 2 论点论证结构

•Report 构思：

–[2009.11.7] WRITING TASK 2

–Solutions:

•TS: Since the problem mainly arises from sub-healthy mental state,

•TS: Corresponding actions should be taken.

•Promote psychological education

•Provide psychological consultancy services

•Depurate network environment

Report 篇章结构

•考察时间：2009-5-21

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–2009-5-21 A hundred years ago, people thought that the human race was

steadily improving in every area of life. Now it seems this is not certain in that situation. In which areas do you think we have made important progress nowadays? In which areas do you think we need to make progress?

–话题中心：

•Progresses people made and problems people face

–写作要求：

•Examples of progress

•Examples of problems

Report 篇章结构 Task 写作框架汇总

•考察时间：2009-5-21

–首段基本结构：

•背景铺垫+提出问题+全文写作目的

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–Sample：

•人类生活在近两个世纪发生了翻天覆地的变化。

•在生活水平提高的同时，人类社会也面临着诸多问题。

•本文将探讨社会发展过程中人类取得的巨大进步以及亟待解决的问题。

Task 写作框架汇总

•考察时间：2009-5-21

–主体段基本结构：

•主题句+支撑句(+ 总结句)

–Sample：

•TS:

–人类在科技方面取得了最主要地成就。

•SS:

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–工业科技的发展最为显著。当代工业为社会生产了更多的消费品，并由于机械的运用

以及技术的突破，产品制造成本被大大降低，这极大地提高人类的生活水平。

–交通科技的发展对于世界发展做出了令人瞩目的贡献。新型交通工具在节省了宝贵时

间外，极大地促进了全球化的发展，让身处异国的人能方便往来。

–同时，医药技术的发展给人类的健康生活提供了保障。

Task 写作框架汇总

•考察时间：2009-5-21

–Sample：

•TS: By far, the major achievements of human being can be easily found in

scientific fields.

•SS: The most noticeable advancement occurs in industrial field.

•Breakthroughs in transportation also contribute remarkably to the rapidly

development of the world.

•Meanwhile, with the improving medicine technology, healthy life of peoples

is largely guaranteed.

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Task 写作框架汇总

•考察时间：2009-5-21

–主体段基本结构：

•主题句+支撑句(+ 总结句)

–Sample：

•TS: 然而，在发展过程中产生了很多问题，并需要我们立即解决。

•SS:

–最急迫的问题之一是环境污染问题。(尤其是工业的发展，造成了大量的，对自然环

境的，不可补救地破坏。)

–其次，在不久地将来我们会自然资源枯竭问题。(交通地迅猛发展也造成了严重地能

源短缺问题。)

–在更长的时期内，社会老龄化问题也会变得严峻。（医疗科技在保障生活同时，也间

接造成了社会生产力的下降及养老问题）。

Task 写作框架汇总

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•考察时间：2009-5-21

–Sample：

•TS: However, along with the conspicuous developments, many urgent issue

arise, which require instant solution.

•SS:

–One of the most pressing issue facing human being is environmental

pollution.

–Besides, we may face a serious depletion of natural resources in near future.

–And in a longer term, a large proportion of countries will face thorny aging

issue.

Task 写作框架汇总

•考察时间：2009-5-21

–2009-5-21 A hundred years ago, people thought that the human race was

steadily improving in every area of life. Now it seems this is not certain in that situation. In which areas do you think we have made important progress nowadays?

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In which areas do you think we need to make progress?

–末段：

•结构：概述问题（及解决方案）

•总体来讲，社会总是不停向前进步。人类的生活会越来越美好。然而在享受现代生活

的同时，每个人有义务为解决我们面临的问题做出自己的贡献。

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