2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编5含解析

2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（5）

李仕才

A

Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.

When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; ＂high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.＂ Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.

Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.

The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.

1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .

A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow

B. there were no people living in the western part of America

C.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains

D. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States

2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .

A. has changed a lot since 1805

B.is the meeting point of three cultures

C. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago

D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit

3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably .

A. two native Indians

B. explorers of the early 19th century

C. merchants who did business with the Indians

D. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass

4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author .

A. was attempting the impossible

B. was trying to set a world record

C. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark

D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks

【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气、路程等的艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。

1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.可知答案为C。

2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.可知答案为C。

4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知，作者他们是沿着Lewis and Clark的足迹进行探险的。

B

(2015·河北衡水中学高三第二次模拟考试)

The last time I saw him was 12 years ago. Twelve years has passed, and I still remember eating pomegranates(石榴) while his thin hands combed through my hair. To this day, I still remember stories my grandfather used to tell me. As a child living in Korea, my grandfather was my closest friend, the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides. We were inseparable from the moment we awoke until I fell asleep in his arms. I ate the food he prepared，and he was my pillow and storyteller. Little did we know that a day would come when his first granddaughter would leave. My father was to be stationed in the United States and time would blur(使……变模糊) our images of each other.

On the summer of my sixteenth birthday, I would see my grandfather again. On the plane，thoughts of him ran through my mind during all 14 hours of the flight. Would he look the same？Would he be healthy? Did he still have the pictures I drew for him? Most importantly, would he remember me? I was short then and always smiling. He dressed me. Twelve years later and I was taller, had a different figure. I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style. I was scared he wouldn’t recognize I was his granddaughter.

I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfather’s house, where we found him pacing back and forth, awaiting my arrival. He looked the same, and as soon as I stepped out of the car and faced him, I began to cry. He ran toward me. “Tina！” My grandfather kept yelling. We met each other with open arms and he whispered, “I’ve been waiting for my granddaughter to come home. I missed you, my little Tina. Welcome home.” Our eyes filled with tears as we walked up the stairs, arm in arm, telling each other all the events we had missed in each other’s life. He did remember. After all, I am his first granddaughter.

1．It can be inferred that in childhood the author always ________．

A．ate the food her grandmother prepared

B．remembered the stories her grandmother told

C．rode on her grandfather’s back

D．got on well with her father

2．How old was the author when she left her grandfather?

A．About 12 years old. B．About 6 years old.

C．About 4 years old. D．About 2 years old.

3．Why did the author think her grandfather probably would not make her out?

A．Because her grandfather was forgetful.

B．Because she was already a “big girl”．

C．Because she was already an American.

D．Because her grandfather was too old.

4．The author met her grandfather ________．

A．in the airport B．by herself

C．with her parents D．with her relatives

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从小生活在爷爷身边，四岁时随父亲到美

国定居，十二年后再次回去见爷爷，一路上总是担心爷爷认不出自己，但没想到一下车爷爷就认出了“我”。

1．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“As a child living in Korea，my grandfather was my closest friend，the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides.”可知，“我”每天都和爷爷在一起，骑在他背上玩耍。故答案选C。

2．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The last time I saw him was 12 years ago.”可知，“我”最后一次见到爷爷是十二年前；根据第二段第一句“On the summer of my sixteenth birthday，I would see my grandfather again.”可知，十六岁生日的那年夏天“我”再次见到了爷爷；由此可推知，作者是在四岁的时候离开爷爷的。故答案选C。

3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was short then and always smiling.He dressed me.Twelve years later and I was taller，had a different figure.I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style.”可知，十二年后，“我”长高了，形象不一样了，所以担心爷爷认不出“我”。故答案选B。

4．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfather’s house”可知，作者是和亲戚一块去见爷爷的。故答案选D。

C

Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in

Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner there．

Sounds unusual，doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic，with the development of China’s high—speed railway system．And that’s not a11．China has an even greater high—speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern Europe．

China is negotiating to extend its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and Singapore．

China has proposed three such projects．The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia．Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to Germany．The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe．

If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days．

The new system would still follow China’s high—speed railway standard．And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes．

China’s bullet train(高速客车)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，

already has the World’s fastest average speed．It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours．

Of course，there are some technical challenges to overcome．There are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(轨距)，maintenance of railway tracks．So，it’s important to pay attention to every detail．

But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion．

China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment．Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development．

It’11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countries．

For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop China’s far west．We foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unused．With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11．And they’11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries．

( ) 1. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because ．

A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions

B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways

C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries

D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism

选B在文章倒数第二段中有明确答案

( ) 2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is ．

A. technical issues

B. safety of the systemw_w w.

C. financial problems

D. maintenance of railway tracks

选C . 在文章第8段看到 There are so many issues that need to be settled...及第9节中 But the key issue is really money

( ) 3. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?

A. Critical． B. Reserved． C. Doubtful D. Positive．

选D . 尽管在文章第8，9段中 提到存在的问题，但从最后两段中不难看出作者是持支持的态度

( ) 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. New Railway Standards

B. Big Railway Dreams

C. High—speed Bullet Trains

D. International Railway Network

选B. 贯穿全文须知这只是一个梦想。

D

(2015·河南豫北、豫东十所名校联考)

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are natural gas and electric­powered stoves.

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook­stoves in the home.Most of the deaths are in developing countries. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.

The WHO’s plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings, which show that the use of toxic(有毒的) fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.

Carlos Dora, an official in the WHO, says people should not use unprocessed coal indoors.He says, “Opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. You can’t expect that a bit of ventilation(通风) is going to get rid of this. It is really about clean technologies and clean fuels. And, the fuel story has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate. So, that is the new thing. We should be going for clean fuels, avoiding coal and going for the solar.”

WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease and childhood lung cancer. These diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) released by the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste

and charcoal. Women and girls are the main victims.

The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub­Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.

WHO experts note some new, safe and low­cost technologies that could help are already available. But this is just a start. They are urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.

1．The reason for indoor air pollution is ________．

A．still unknown

B．the use of solar energy

C．the use of dangerous fuels and cook­stoves

D．the frequent use of fuels in efficient stoves

2．Who may be the least affected by indoor air pollution?

A．Children in China.

B．Men in Europe.

C．Girls in sub­Saharan Africa.

D．Women in Latin American countries.

3．Solutions to the indoor air pollution problem include ________．

①going for animal waste and coal

②using clean fuels

③increasing access to cleaner and more modern cooking and appliances

④opening a window or door to let out the harmful air

A．①④ B．①③

C．②③ D．②④

4．What’s the main idea of this passage?

A．Health is very important to people in developing countries.

B．People in developing countries are dying from air pollution.

heating

C．People in developing countries know too little about science and technology.

D．Proper cooking ways help reduce the deaths in developing countries.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。在室内使用固体燃料会使室内一氧化碳浓度升高，从而导致中毒死亡。为解决此问题，世界卫生组织建议在发展中国家增加使用更清洁、更现代化的烹饪和加热设备。

1．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook­stoves in the home.”可知，世界卫生组织警告说，每年有数百万的人死于家里使用的危险燃料和烹调炉引起的室内空气污染。故C项正确。

2．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Most of the deaths are in developing countries.”可知，绝大部分的死亡事故发生在发展中国家；根据倒数第二段最后一句“It says huge populations in India，China and Latin American countries...are also at risk.”可知，印度、中国以及拉丁美洲的一些国家污染严重；根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，女性是主要受害者，由此可推知，欧洲男子最不容易因室内空气污染而死亡。故B项正确；A、C、D三项都属于发展中国家的人，这些地区污染严重，故最可能因此而死亡。

3．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据本文最后一句中的“increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances”可知，增加使用更清洁、更现代化

的烹饪和加热设备是解决问题的方法之一，故排除A、D两项；根据第五段最后两句可知，室内污染主要来自于固体燃料的使用而导致的室内一氧化碳浓度升高，这些固体燃料包括煤炭，动物排泄物，木头等，所以①不在范围内，故排除B项。故C项正确。

4．解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“The way we cook is important.”及第二段最后一句“To help fight the problem，the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要说明了正确的烹饪方法将减轻发展中国家的室内污染，从而减少死亡事故的发生。故D项正确。

E

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so it's proving a very popular service.

“When I'm on the road driving our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31­year­old Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women.

The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues.

“After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says

Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.”

Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(骚扰)，and worse，especially on public transport.

Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enough—about 250 a month—to support her family.

Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.”

It's not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.They'll try to overtake you.I'm always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.”

The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change people's attitudes，and open up boundaries for women.

【语篇导读】 德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的Cabs for Women by Women 出租车业务。生意异常火爆。

1．The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women ______.

A．is greatly needed at present in India

B．causes a hot debate in India

C．was set up in 2012

D．is free of charge for women

解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it's proving a very popular service”可知，这项女性出租车服务在现在有很大需求量。

答案 A

2．Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women?

A．Because it is cheap. B．Because it is safe.

C．Because it is famous. D．Because it is convenient.

解析 推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现

在选择Cabs for Women by Women，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。

答案 B

3．What do we know about Sharma?

A．She is the first female taxi driver in Delhi.

B．She lives in harmony with her husband.

C．She has regretted becoming a taxi driver.

D．She has a better salary after becoming a taxi driver.

解析 细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2011年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。

答案 D

4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women.

B．The main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.

C．People's attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.

D．The background information of Cabs for Women by Women.

解析 段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要讲开展Cabs for Women by Women 出租车服务的目的。

答案 B

【长难句解读】

原文 Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.

译文 Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2011年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。

分析 and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2011。