2020-2021学年上海市杨浦区复旦附中高三(上)月考英语试卷(12月份)

2020-2021学年上海市杨浦区复旦附中高三（上）月考英语试卷

（12月份）

II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

1．Traditional Chinese medicine，practiced for thousands of years， is having trouble maintaining traction in many parts of the country， said the president of a TCM hospital in Henan province.

\"I have visited many counties across the country and found that many of them（1） （not have） a single TCM hospital，\" said Pang Guoming of Kaifeng Hospital of TCM in Kaifeng.\"In some counties，TCM hospitals use the old building of other hospitals， which have moved to bigger and new buildings.\"

\"TCM is a unique heath resource for China，and more effort should be made to promote it so it plays a（2） （big） part in universal health﹣care.\"

The development of TCM（3） （expect） to accelerate， with a guideline recently approved by the top leadership aimed at promoting innovation and the passing on of TCM knowledge.

Equal importance should be given to the development of TCM and Western medicine （4） （promote） their complementary nature， said the guideline， which was released and approved in July.More efforts should be made to improve the TCM service system， promote

high﹣quality development of the TCM industry and boost TCM talent building， （5） said.

TCM hospitals and clinics in China provided nearby 1.1 billion patient services last year， a rise of 5.2 percent compared with 2017.However， modern hospitals provide the majority of services， with total patient services provided by hospitals and clinics ﹣﹣ including modern medicine and TCM hospitals and clinics﹣（6） （reach） 7.5 billion in the first 11 months of last year， a year﹣on﹣year rise of 3.2 percent.

\"Compared with（7） modern medicine is regarded， many local authorities still have not given enough importance to TCM development.

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\"Meanwhile， many people tend to evaluate empirical（经验主义的）TCM with standards（8） （mean） for modern medicine， which is also a major obstacle to TCM development and recognition，\" Pang said.

Ma Jianzhong， chairman of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies， said（9） innovation in TCM theory， technological innovation is necessary to encourage the development of TCM.

\"TCM technologies（10） borrow modern technology so that it can play a better role in treatment，\" Ma said.

Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word than you need. 2．

A.artificial B.automated C.confused D.expertly E.imitated

F.inspection G.intentionally H.likes I.predictions J.seeded K.tempting

Don't fear the Writernator

Computer﹣generated writing will never replace the human kind.

Many people will be familiar with （1） writing through two features of G﹣mail.Smart Reply offers brief answers to routine emails. More strikingly，Smart Compose Kicks in as you write， suggesting endings to your sentences. Both are not only provided in perfect English； they often weirdly seem to have guessed what you want to say.

The New Yorker's John Seabrook recently described a more powerful version of this technology，called GPT﹣2， which （2） his magazine's style. Such systems use a digital network of billions of artificial \"neurons\"（神经元） with virtual \"synapses\" ﹣ the connections between neurons ﹣ that strengthen as the network teams.

The metaphor of the brain is （3） ， but \"neurons\" and \"synapses\" deserve those scare﹣quotes（引导）.The system is merely making some statistical guesses about which words follow which in a New Yorker﹣style sentence.At a simple level， imagine beginning an email with \"Happy…\" Having looked at millions of other emails， G﹣mail can reasonably guess that the next word will be \"birthday\". GPT﹣2 makes （4） of the same sort.

What fails computers is creativity.They cannot conceive a topic or goal on their own much

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less plan how to get there with logic and style.At various points， readers can see how GPT﹣2 would have carried on writing Mr Sea﹣brook's piece for him …The prose gives then impression of being human. But on closer （5） it is empty， even incoherent. Meaningless prose is not only the preserve of artificial intelligence.There is already a large quantity of writing that seems to make sense， but ultimately doesn't， at least to a majority of readers. In 1996 Alan Sokal famously submitted an article to a humanities journal，with ideas that were complete nonsense but with language that （6） imitated fashionable post﹣modernist academic prose. It was accepted. Humans already produce language that is lacking in meaning， （7） and otherwise.

But to truly write，you must first have something to say.Computers do not.They await instructions.Given input，they provide output.Such systems can be（8） with a topic，or the first few paragraphs，and be told to \"write\". While the result may be grammatical English，this should not be（9） with the purposeful kind.To compose meaningful essays，the（10） of GPT﹣2 will first have to be integrated with databases of real﹣world knowledge.

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 3．

Small business hold the key to employee happiness

As the calendar flips to another year， many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.

In today's changing workforce，it is more important than even for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to（1） or retain strong employees.

According to survey by Aflac，small businesses deserve a round of（2） for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small﹣business employees are happy in their current job， and more than half（51 percent） agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a（n） （3） of working for a small business. Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent） stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business.

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Small businesses have the （4） ability to make employees feel appreciated， respected and valued on a personal and （5） level.

In a small﹣business environment， there are （6） fewer layers between newcomers and leadership.This tight﹣knit structure can create a（n） （7） atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.

（8） is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report， 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible（9） was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that （10） healthy work﹣life balance can create happier， less stressed employees and can also increase（11） .

Although small businesses （12） at keeping employees happy，there is always room for improvement. In a small﹣business community， money does not seem to be the only（13） . In fact， 65 percent of small﹣business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.

By offering a comprehensive benefits plan that include （14） benefits， small businesses can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their（15） needs.

（1）A. attract （2）A. criticism （3）A. cause （4）A. common （5）A. general （6）A. accidentally （7）A. family﹣like （8）A. Stability （9）A. scheduling （10）A. eliminates

B. improve B. suggestion B. result B. abnormal B. professional B. occasionally B. colleague﹣like B. Availability B. profit B. restricts

C. drive C. applause C. creation C. universal C. amateur C. typically C. eco﹣friendly C. Flexibility C. transportation C. breaks

D. encourage D. proposal D. innovation D. unique D. public D. theoretically D. user﹣friendly D. Employ﹣ability D. equipment D. promotes

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（11）A. creativity （12）A. shine （13）A. monitor （14）A. accessible （15）A. individual

B. productivity B. marvel B. claim B. compulsory B. psychological

C. requirement C. aim C. motivator C. progressive C. physical

D. imagination D. tremble D. affection D. voluntary D. objective

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

4．Getting old might not be something that's yet to cross your mind.But ageing is inevitably going to get the better of us one day， so it's something I'm sure we'd all like control.It would be great to have a long， healthy and happy life， and that's why scientists are constantly seeking out evidence that will show us what we need to do to achieve longevity.

We all know that regular exercise is good for us.In recent years we're been told to aim to walk 10，000 steps a day to remain healthy， although other advice to do three brief 10﹣minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective.But the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you're someone who walks at a fast pace.That's because， according to scientists， the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains， as well as their bodies， are ageing.

The BBC's Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of \"accelerated ageing\"： Their lungs， teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster.And to add insult to injury， the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly， their faces looked older and they hand smaller brains.Professor Terrie E Moffitt， lead author of the study， told the BBC： \"It found that a slow walk is problem sign decades before old age.\" This might be seen as a wake ﹣ up call for people with a slower pace who might feel it's time to work out and get fitter.But it might be too late； researchers writing in JAMA Network Open say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45﹣year﹣olds using the results of intelligence， language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three.They also

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suggest that even in early life， there are signs showing which people will go on to have a healthier life.

So， what's the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain？ Well， researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age， and understanding what this might mean，could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing.This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy.Taking steps to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!

（1）The underlined part in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. withdraw your footsteps B. accelerate your pace C. decrease your walking speed D. highlight your fast movement

（2）What can be learned from the study by Philippa Roxby and Terrie E Moffitt？ A. Due to increased ageing problem， people become less physically healthy which leads to their slower walking.

B. When people choose to walk fast， they tend to look younger than when they choose to walk slowly.

C. Slow walking can be probably used to predict aging problem decades before one grows old. D. People with small brains walk more slowly than those with big brains. （3）What can we infer from the passage？ A. We will definitely try to find ways to make us healthier.

B. By checking one's walking speed at a young age， we can prevent fast aging from happening.

C. If one walks slowly， there's no chance that he will live a long life.

D. The outcomes of people's IQ tests can provide information for us to foresee one's walking speed.

（4）What is the best title of the passage？ A. Researches on Slow Walking B. Slow Walking VS Fast Walking

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C. Slow Walking and Ageing D. Why Slow Walking ages us 5．

The best family hikes in the U.S.

Finding a hike that's easy enough for youngsters and still enticing for adults can be difficult， but there are several worthwhile hiking trails throughout the U.S.for a family outing.Taking into account scenery， walk﹣ability and accessibility from major cities， we've rounded up five of the best family﹣friendly hikes in America. 1.Jordan Pond Path， Acadia National Park （Maine）

Acadia National Park has a fantastic mix of water features lush mountains and rich wildlife and all can be enjoyed by hiking the Jordan Pond Path.The 3.2﹣mile loop is along the water's edge and offers vistas of The Bubbles Mountains， making for a scenic hike the entire time.Visitors often spot beavers， frogs and birds. 2.Makapuu Lighthouse Trail （Oahu， Hawaii）

This two ﹣ mile trail is located a 30﹣minute drive east of Waikiki and can be travelled through by kids， people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes，outstanding views of the coastline， a 1909﹣built lighthouse and even migrating humpback whales （November through May） make it a popular and worthwhile outing. 3.Bear Mountain Loop Trail （New York）

The Bear Mountain Loop Trail （a 90 ﹣ minute drive outside of New York City） is both dog﹣ and kid﹣friendly， though only for those willing and able to climb many steps and do a bit of rock scrambling near the top.Still， many elementary﹣aged kids and fit dogs often complete this hike that ends in lovely views over the Hudson River. 4.Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas）

The Santa Elena Canyon Trail is an easy﹣to﹣moderate hike within Big Bend National Park along the Texas and Mexico border.The picturesque trail provides opportunities to see the winding Rio Grande， wildlife life javelinas and roadrunners and canyon walls.Be prepared for scorching temps in the summer， and don't forget your camera. 5.Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail （San Diego， California）

Although the Los Penasquitos （little cliffs） Canyon Trail stretches seven miles， it's

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flat， easy and doable for kids， people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.The Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve has Native American history that dates back 7，000 years.Today， hikers， bikers and horseback riders all make use of the expansive area， and visitors can see a waterfall， greenery and an old adobe house.

（1）From which trail can you have a view of the Hudson River？ A. Bear Mountain Loop Trail （New York） B. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail （Oahu， Hawaii） C. Jordan Pond Path， Acadia National Park （Maine）

D. Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas）

（2）Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas） will be the last choice for those who want to . A. see Rio Grande B. enjoy the wildlife C. hike in summer D. take pictures

（3）If a family including children， someone injured in the leg and dogs on leashes plan to hike， which trail will you recommend？ A. Bear Mountain Loop Trail or Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail B. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail or Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail

C. Bear Mountain Loop Trail or Jordan Pond Path， Acadia National Park D. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail or Santa Elena Canyon Trail

6．An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted ﹣ the trouble is， no one knows which half. In the internet age， at least in theory， this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for， click on and say online， companies can aim \"behavioral\" ads at those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine﹣grained information： Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads？Or should they have explicit permission？

In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission（TC）proposed adding a \"do not

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track\"（DNT）option to internet browsers， so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT； Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and the Digital advertising Alliance（DAA）agreed that the industry would get cracking （尽快行动） on responding to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer 10， the version due to appear with Windows & would have DNT as a default （默认值）.

Advertisers are horrified.Human nature being what it is，most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now， but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Lidice， the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers， says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads， he says. \"They'll get less meaningful，less targeted ads.\"

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking， although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default， some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all，it has an ad business too，which it says will comply with DNT requests， though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google，which relies almost wholly on advertising， it has chosen an indirect method： There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Window 8 ﹣ though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch， Microsoft's chief privacy officer， blogged： \"We believe consumers should have more control： Could it really be that simple？\"

（1）It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that \"behavioral\" ads help advertisers to . A. ease competition among themselves B. lower their operational costs C. avoid complaints from consumers D. provide better online services

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（2）\"The industry\" （Line 4， Para.3）refers to . A. online advertisers B. e﹣commerce conductors C. digital information analysts D. internet browser developers

（3）Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default . A. may cut the number of junk ads B. fails to affect the ad industry C. will not benefit consumers D. goes against human nature

（4）Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6？ A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose. B. Advertisers are willing to implement DNT. C. DNT is losing its popularity among consumers. D. Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads.

Section C Directions： Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 7．

The future of management education

On behalf of the trustees of the Gordon Gekko Business School， I write with a helicopter view on our beloved institution. There is good news and bad. First， congratulations are in order. Under your leadership， GorGeBS has again been named by The Economist as one of the world's top 100 business schools.

The bad news is that our best﹣of﹣breed status is in danger because the very business model of our school faces structural challenges. Demand is plunging. Our MBA applications are down by a quarter. Across America， applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a row. （1） One reason is a drop in international applicants， many of whom are put off by America's anti﹣immigration policies. But before you rush to blame all those law graduates staffing up

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government departments， the bigger factor is that we are charging too much. Our MBA costs nearly twice as much as it did a decade ago， but nobody believes we are delivering twice as much value.

（2） The time I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand constituted two of the best years of my life. Even so， I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks﹣ and﹣mortar strategy is wrong﹣headed. Online business education can deliver world﹣class thought leadership， too.

Worse， the relevance of our curriculum is being challenged. （3） They are in a very different mind space， demanding that we go beyond our traditional teachings on the primacy of shareholder value to embrace stakeholder value.

The threat is existential. In the past five years， nearly a tenth of the full﹣time MBA programmes in America have disappeared. （4） If we are to survive， never mind elevate GorGeBS to the top of the rankings， we need start thinking outside the box and spearhead the next management revolution. Let's touch base offline soon.

A. The students today are not the ambitious Darwinian capitalists who used to strive for business degrees.

B. However， applicants from developing countries still find acquiring MBA degrees in America an appealing idea.

C. From Florida to Iowa， business schools have stopped offering the degree altogether. D. Even at Harvard， they are down this year by about 6%.

E. A continuously worsening environment also leads to the decrease in the acquisition of diplomas.

F. We are also failing to manage with technological disruption. IV. Summary Writing

8．Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words， Use your own words as far as possible

Parents everywhere praise their kids when they do well in school， win a ball game， or build an impressive sandcastle， anything that seems to be something \"remarkable\". Jenn

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Berman， author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids， says， \"We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter.\" giving kids a lot of praise， parents think they're building their children's confidence.

In fact they may he wrong. Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new， things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. Still， not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough and， as a result， may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

So what is the right amount of praise？ Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort ﹣ mot the outcome， you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. \"We should especially recognize our children's efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，\" says Donahue， author of parenting Without Fear，\"Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard， you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.\"

Praising the effort can also mean you need to identify the part where your kids make special efforts in a particular scenario（情景）. Instead of saying， \"you are such a good baseball player\"， say， \"you hit the ball really hard. You are an excellent first baseman. \" Being specific is much better and helps kids identify with their special skill， Donahue says. V.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

9．他是一个意志坚定的人，不会受到周围流言蜚语的影响。（prevent）（汉译英） 10．在昨天的会议上，编辑坚持要求必须在第二天中午之前将新闻发布出去。（insist） （汉译英）

11．在遭受严重的天灾后，该地区的经济遭受重创，只有在的领导下才能让其起死回生。 （bring） （汉译英）

12．作为一名准大学生，你必须要学会独自面对未知的未来，培养自力更生的能力，这样你才能在未来的人生道路上走得比他人更远。（by which） （汉译英） VI. Guided Writing

13．Directions： Write an English composition in 120 ﹣150 words according to the instructions

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given below in Chinse.

随着现代科技的发展，网络已经成为年轻人生活的一部分。简要描述图片所展现的现象，结合自己的实际生活谈谈你的看法。

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2020-2021学年上海市杨浦区复旦附中高三（上）月考英语试卷

（12月份）

参与试题解析

II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

1．Traditional Chinese medicine，practiced for thousands of years， is having trouble maintaining traction in many parts of the country， said the president of a TCM hospital in Henan province. \"I have visited many counties across the country and found that many of them（1） don't have （not have） a single TCM hospital，\" said Pang Guoming of Kaifeng Hospital of TCM in Kaifeng.\"In some counties，TCM hospitals use the old building of other hospitals， which have moved to bigger and new buildings.\"

\"TCM is a unique heath resource for China，and more effort should be made to promote it so it plays a（2） bigger （big） part in universal health﹣care.\"

The development of TCM（3） is expected （expect） to accelerate， with a guideline recently approved by the top leadership aimed at promoting innovation and the passing on of TCM knowledge.

Equal importance should be given to the development of TCM and Western medicine （4） to promote （promote） their complementary nature， said the guideline， which was released and approved in July.More efforts should be made to improve the TCM service system， promote high﹣quality development of the TCM industry and boost TCM talent building， （5） it said.

TCM hospitals and clinics in China provided nearby 1.1 billion patient services last year， a rise of 5.2 percent compared with 2017.However， modern hospitals provide the majority of services， with total patient services provided by hospitals and clinics ﹣﹣ including modern medicine and TCM hospitals and clinics﹣（6） reaching （reach） 7.5 billion in the first 11 months of last year， a year﹣on﹣year rise of 3.2 percent.

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\"Compared with（7） how modern medicine is regarded， many local authorities still have not given enough importance to TCM development.

\"Meanwhile， many people tend to evaluate empirical（经验主义的）TCM with standards（8） meant （mean） for modern medicine， which is also a major obstacle to TCM development and recognition，\" Pang said.

Ma Jianzhong， chairman of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies， said（9） besides innovation in TCM theory， technological innovation is necessary to encourage the development of TCM.

\"TCM technologies（10） must borrow modern technology so that it can play a better role in treatment，\" Ma said.

【分析】本文讲述了中医几千年来，在全国很多地方都很难保持牵引力，与现代医学相比，许多地方对中医药的发展还没有给予足够的重视，中医技术必须借鉴现代技术，这样才能在治疗中发挥更好的作用。

【解答】（1）don't have.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我走访了全国很多县，发现很多县没有一家中医院，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为many，故填don't have. （2）bigger.考查比较级。句意：中医药是我国特有的卫生资源，应大力推广，使其在全民保健中发挥更大的作用。表示与现在相比，所以用比较级，故填bigger.

（3）is expected.考查时态语态。句意：随着最高领导层最近批准了一项旨在促进创新和中医药知识传授的指导方针，中医药的发展有望加快。表示\"被期望\"，所以用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为不可数名词，故填is expected.

（4）to promote.考查不定式。句意：今年7月发布并通过的《指导意见》指出，应同等重视中医药和西医的发展，促进两者的互补性。不定式作目的状语，故填to promote. （5）it.考查代词。句意：进一步完善中医药服务体系，促进中医药产业高质量发展，推进中医药人才队伍建设，上面说。指代前面的the guideline，作主语，故填it.

（6）reaching.考查现在分词。句意：然而，现代医院提供了大部分服务，去年前11个月，医院和诊所﹣﹣包括现代医学和中医医院和诊所﹣﹣提供的患者服务总额达到75亿，同比增长3.2%。指代前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果主语，故填reaching. （7）how.考查宾语从句。句意：与现代医学相比，许多地方对中医药的发展还没有给予足够的重视。引导宾语从句，在从句中表示\"如何\"，故填how.

（8）meant.考查过去分词。句意：同时，许多人倾向于用现代医学的标准来评价经验性

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中医，这也是中医发展和认识的一大障碍。根据固定搭配be meant for被打算来……，可知用过去分词作后置定语，故填meant.

（9）besides.考查介词。句意：除了中医理论的创新之外，技术创新也是推动中医药发展的必要条件。表示\"除了\"，包含在内，后跟名词，所以用介词，故填besides.

（10）must.考查情态动词。句意：中医技术必须借鉴现代技术，才能更好地发挥其治疗作用。表示\"必须\"，后跟动词原形，所以用情态动词，故填must.

【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word than you need. 2．

A.artificial B.automated C.confused D.expertly E.imitated

F.inspection G.intentionally H.likes I.predictions J.seeded K.tempting

Don't fear the Writernator

Computer﹣generated writing will never replace the human kind.

Many people will be familiar with （1） writing through two features of G﹣mail.Smart Reply offers brief answers to routine emails. More strikingly，Smart Compose Kicks in as you write， suggesting endings to your sentences. Both are not only provided in perfect English； they often weirdly seem to have guessed what you want to say.

The New Yorker's John Seabrook recently described a more powerful version of this technology，called GPT﹣2， which （2） E his magazine's style. Such systems use a digital network of billions of artificial \"neurons\"（神经元） with virtual \"synapses\" ﹣ the connections between neurons ﹣ that strengthen as the network teams.

The metaphor of the brain is （3） K ， but \"neurons\" and \"synapses\" deserve those scare﹣quotes（引导）.The system is merely making some statistical guesses about which words follow which in a New Yorker﹣style sentence.At a simple level， imagine beginning an email with \"Happy…\" Having looked at millions of other emails， G﹣mail can reasonably guess

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that the next word will be \"birthday\". GPT﹣2 makes （4） I of the same sort.

What fails computers is creativity.They cannot conceive a topic or goal on their own much less plan how to get there with logic and style.At various points， readers can see how GPT﹣2 would have carried on writing Mr Sea﹣brook's piece for him …The prose gives then impression of being human. But on closer （5） F it is empty， even incoherent. Meaningless prose is not only the preserve of artificial intelligence.There is already a large quantity of writing that seems to make sense， but ultimately doesn't， at least to a majority of readers. In 1996 Alan Sokal famously submitted an article to a humanities journal，with ideas that were complete nonsense but with language that （6） D imitated fashionable post﹣modernist academic prose. It was accepted. Humans already produce language that is lacking in meaning， （7） G and otherwise.

But to truly write，you must first have something to say.Computers do not.They await instructions.Given input，they provide output.Such systems can be（8） J with a topic，or the first few paragraphs，and be told to \"write\". While the result may be grammatical English，this should not be（9） C with the purposeful kind.To compose meaningful essays，the（10） H of GPT﹣2 will first have to be integrated with databases of real﹣world knowledge.

【分析】本文讲述不要害怕给你写信的人，计算机生成的文字永远不会取代人类。 【解答】（1）B.考查形容词。根据句意\"许多人将通过G﹣mail的两个特性熟悉自动写作。\"可知要填的词为\"自动的\"，所以用\"automated\"，形容词作定语修饰名词，故选B. （2）E.考查时态。根据句意\"《纽约客》杂志的约翰•西布鲁克（johnseabrook）最近描述了这项技术的一个更强大的版本，称为GPT﹣2，它模仿了他的杂志的风格。\"可知要填的词为\"模仿\"，所以用\"imitated\"，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故选E. （3）K.考查形容词。根据句意\"大脑的比喻很有诱惑力，但\"神经元\"和\"突触\"应该被引用。\"可知要填的词为\"有诱惑力的\"，所以用\"tempting\"，形容词作表语，故选K.

（4）I.考查名词的数。根据句意\"GPT﹣2也做出了同样的预测。\"可知要填的词为\"预测\"，所以用\"predictions\"，作宾语，所以用名词，为可数名词，所以用复数泛指，故选I. （5）F.考查名词的数。根据句意\"但经过仔检查，它是空的，甚至是不连贯的。\"可知要填的词为\"检查\"，所以用\"inspection\"，作介词的宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故选F.

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（6）D.考查副词。根据句意\"1996年，艾伦•索卡尔（alansokal）向一家人文杂志提交了一篇著名的文章，文章中的观点完全是胡说八道，但语言却熟练地模仿了时髦的后现代主义学术散文。\"可知要填的词为\"熟练地\"，所以用\"expertly\"，副词修饰动词，故选D. （7）G.考查副词。根据句意\"人类已经有意或无意地产生了缺乏意义的语言。\"可知要填的词为\"有意地\"，所以用\"intentionally\"，修饰动词，所以用副词，故选G.

（8）J.考查动词的语态。根据句意\"例如可以在系统中植入一个主题或前几个段落，然后让它们‘写'。\"可知要填的词为\"植入\"，所以用\"seeded\"，表示被动，所以用过去分词和be构成被动语态，故选J.

（9）C.考查形容词。根据句意\"虽然结果可能是符合语法的英语，但这不应与有目的的那种混淆。\"可知要填的词为\"混淆的\"，所以用\"confused\"，形容词作表语，故选C. （10）H.考查名词的数。根据句意\"为了撰写有意义的论文，GPT﹣2这些种类首先必须与现实世界的知识数据库相结合。\"可知要填的词为\"种类\"，所以用\"likes\"，为可数名词，所以用复数表示不止一个，故选H. 【点评】如何做选词填空 1.根据语法，判断词性

一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。 2.利用语境，确定词形

当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 3．

Small business hold the key to employee happiness

As the calendar flips to another year， many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.

In today's changing workforce，it is more important than even for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to（1） A or retain strong employees.

According to survey by Aflac，small businesses deserve a round of（2） C for their

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ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small﹣business employees are happy in their current job， and more than half（51 percent） agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a（n） （3） of working for a small business. Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent） stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business.

Small businesses have the （4） D ability to make employees feel appreciated， respected and valued on a personal and （5） level.

In a small﹣business environment， there are （6） C fewer layers between newcomers and leadership.This tight﹣knit structure can create a（n） （7） A atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.

（8） C is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report， 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible（9） A was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that （10） D healthy work﹣life balance can create happier， less stressed employees and can also increase（11） .

Although small businesses （12） A at keeping employees happy，there is always room for improvement. In a small﹣business community， money does not seem to be the only（13） C . In fact， 65 percent of small﹣business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.

By offering a comprehensive benefits plan that include （14） D benefits， small businesses can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their（15） A needs.

（1）A. attract （2）A. criticism （3）A. cause （4）A. common （5）A. general （6）A. accidentally

B. improve B. suggestion B. result B. abnormal B. professional B. occasionally

C. drive C. applause C. creation C. universal C. amateur C. typically

D. encourage D. proposal D. innovation D. unique D. public D. theoretically

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（7）A. family﹣like （8）A. Stability （9）A. scheduling （10）A. eliminates （11）A. creativity （12）A. shine （13）A. monitor （14）A. accessible （15）A. individual

B. colleague﹣like B. Availability B. profit B. restricts B. productivity B. marvel B. claim B. compulsory B. psychological

C. eco﹣friendly C. Flexibility C. transportation C. breaks C. requirement C. aim C. motivator C. progressive C. physical

D. user﹣friendly D. Employ﹣ability D. equipment D. promotes D. imagination D. tremble D. affection D. voluntary D. objective

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了小企业在员工幸福感方面的优点和改善空间。 【解答】（1）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.attract吸引； B.improve改善； C.drive促使； D.encourage鼓励。根据标题Small business hold the key to employee happiness（小企业是员工幸福的关键）可知，本文是讲员工幸福感，本句中的or表示前后并列关系，所以所选词词义与retain （留住）相近。故选A.

（2）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.citicism批判； B.suggestion建议； C.applause鼓掌； D.proposal建议。 根据后文\"The report found that 85 percent of small ﹣ business employees are happy intheir current job\" （该报告发现， 85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意）可知小型企业的员工感到非常开心，所以小型企业让员工开心的能力值得人们鼓掌。故选C.

（3）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.cause原因； B.result结果； C.creation创造； D.innovation创新。根据上文and more than half（51 percent） agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job 可知，此处是指因为在小企业工作，才有了他们现在的结果对工作感到满意且幸福感高。故选B.

（4）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.common普遍的； B.abnormal不正常的； C.universal普遍的； D.unique独特的。 根据前文\"The report found that 85 percent of small ﹣ business employees are happy in their current job\" （该报告发现， 85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意）可知，让员工在个人和职业层面上感到被欣赏、尊重和重视是小企业独特的能力。 故选D.

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（5）B.考查形容词及语境理解。 A.general大致的； B.professional职业的； C.amateur业余的； D.public公众的。根据前文Small businesses have the （4）ability to make employees feel appreciated， respected and valued on a personal 可知是在讲员工在小企业中工作的感受，所以是指在个人和职业层面上感到被欣赏、尊重和重视。 故选B.

（6）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.accidentally偶然地； B.occasionally偶然地； C.typically典型地； D.theretically理论上地。根据后文fewer layers between newcomers and leadership.可知，小企业管理么有那么复杂，领导和员工之间是阶层很少，是它们的典型。故选C. （7）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.family﹣like家庭般的； B.collague﹣like同事般的； C. eco﹣friendly生态友好的； D.user ﹣ friendly用户友好的。根据后文\" allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission\" （让员工感到他们的意见是重要的，他们在企业的使命中扮演着重要的角色）可知，这种紧密联系的结构可以创造一种家庭般的氛围。 故选A.

（8）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.Stability稳定性； B.Availability可用性； C.Flexibility灵活性； D.Employ﹣ability应聘能力。根据后文According to the report， 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible（9）可知，此处是讲灵活性在创造员工幸福方面也是至关重要的。故选C.（9）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.scheduling时间安排； B.proft利润； C.transportation交通； D.equipment设备。根据前文 According to the report，30 percent of respondents noted that flexible可知，小企业结构设置比较简单，工作相对不复杂， 所以在工作时间安排上比较灵活。故选A.

（10）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.eliminates消除； B.restricts； C.breaks打破； D.promotes促进。 根据后文\"can create happier， less stressed employees\" （能创造出更快乐、压力更小的员工吗）可知，此处是指一个促进健康的工作与生活平衡的工作场所。故选D.

（11）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.creativity创造力； B.productivity生产力； C.requirement要求； D.imagination想象。 并列连词and表示前后意义相近，根据前文\"can create happier， less stressed employees\" （可以创造出更快乐、压力更小的员工）可知，此处应是正向的结果，用提高生产力\"符合语境。故选B.

（12）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.shine有闪光点； B.marvel大为赞叹； C.aim目标是； D.tremble发抖。根据前文\"The report found that 85 percent of small ﹣ business employees are happy in theircurrent job\" （该报告发现， 85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意）

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可知，小企业在让员工开心方面表现出色。故选A.

（13）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.monitor监视器； B.claim声称； C.motivator动力； D.ffection感情。 根据后文\"In fact， 65 percent of small﹣business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.\" （事实上， 65%的小企业员工表示，福利待遇的改善会让他们更快乐。） 可知，金钱不是他们工作的唯一动力。故选C.

（14）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.accessible可使用的； B.compulsory义务的； C.progressive渐进的； D.voluntary自愿的。 根据前文\"a comprehensive benefits plan\" （综合福利计划）可知，此处是指综合福利计划种包括自愿福利这个项目。故选D. （15）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.individual个人的； B.psychological心理的； C.physical身体的； D.objective客观的。根据前文\"their employees are able to find the right benefits\" （他们的员工能够找到正确福利）可知，此处是指找到正确的福利满足员工的个人需求。故选A.

【点评】非等距离挖空的命题方式是完形填空的最大特色。短文首句不挖空，以便为考生理解全文留下足够信息，命题者根据考查目的进行挖空，造成信息链中断，这就要求考生依据上下文的文意捕捉到空白处的缺词。从近几年高考完形填空题看，纯语法知识几乎不考，主要考查考生灵活运用所学词汇的能力，尤其是以考查实词或信息词为主，着重考查考生对文章的内在逻辑和整体把握能力。因此，把握句间和段落之间的内在逻辑关系，通过上下文暗示，对篇章、段落或句意的整体把握；再则，干扰项的设置与语法结构无甚关系，重在文意干扰。因此，把握文意和具体语境，通过对词义的辨析，是解完形填空的最好手段。

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

4．Getting old might not be something that's yet to cross your mind.But ageing is inevitably going to get the better of us one day， so it's something I'm sure we'd all like control.It would be great to have a long， healthy and happy life， and that's why scientists are constantly seeking out evidence that will show us what we need to do to achieve longevity.

We all know that regular exercise is good for us.In recent years we're been told to aim to

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walk 10，000 steps a day to remain healthy， although other advice to do three brief 10﹣minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective.But the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you're someone who walks at a fast pace.That's because， according to scientists， the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains， as well as their bodies， are ageing.

The BBC's Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of \"accelerated ageing\"： Their lungs， teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster.And to add insult to injury， the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly， their faces looked older and they hand smaller brains.Professor Terrie E Moffitt， lead author of the study， told the BBC： \"It found that a slow walk is problem sign decades before old age.\" This might be seen as a wake ﹣ up call for people with a slower pace who might feel it's time to work out and get fitter.But it might be too late； researchers writing in JAMA Network Open say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45﹣year﹣olds using the results of intelligence， language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three.They also suggest that even in early life， there are signs showing which people will go on to have a healthier life.

So， what's the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain？ Well， researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age， and understanding what this might mean，could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing.This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy.Taking steps to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!

（1）The underlined part in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. withdraw your footsteps B. accelerate your pace C. decrease your walking speed D. highlight your fast movement

（2）What can be learned from the study by Philippa Roxby and Terrie E Moffitt？ C A. Due to increased ageing problem， people become less physically healthy which leads to

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their slower walking.

B. When people choose to walk fast， they tend to look younger than when they choose to walk slowly.

C. Slow walking can be probably used to predict aging problem decades before one grows old. D. People with small brains walk more slowly than those with big brains. （3）What can we infer from the passage？ A A. We will definitely try to find ways to make us healthier.

B. By checking one's walking speed at a young age， we can prevent fast aging from happening.

C. If one walks slowly， there's no chance that he will live a long life.

D. The outcomes of people's IQ tests can provide information for us to foresee one's walking speed.

（4）What is the best title of the passage？ A A. Researches on Slow Walking B. Slow Walking VS Fast Walking C. Slow Walking and Ageing D. Why Slow Walking ages us

【分析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了一项研究，人们在40多岁时走路的速度是他们的大脑和身体衰老程度的标志，研究声称走得慢的人老的快，这可能被视为一个警钟，那些步履缓慢的人是时候锻炼身体，变得更健康了。

【解答】（1）B. 词语猜测题。根据第二段中划线词语的下一句That's because， according to scientists， the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains， as well as their bodies， are ageing.（根据科学家的研究，这是因为人们在40多岁时走路的速度标志着他们的大脑和身体在多大程度上正在衰老）可知，走得慢的人衰老的快，因此，如果你走得慢，那就要加快一下你的步伐了，选项B. accelerate your pace （加快你的步伐）符合语境，故选B.

（2）C. 推理判断题。根据第三段\"The BBC's PhilippaRoxby writes that tests on 1 ，000 people from New Zealand born in the 1 970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of \"accelerated ageing\"（BBC记者菲利帕罗克斯比（Philippa Roxby）写道，对1000名出生于上世纪70年代的新西兰人进行的测试发现，走得慢的人往往会出现加速衰老的迹象）

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和\"Professor Terrie E Moffitt， lead author of the study， told the BBC， \"It found that a slow walk is a problem sign decades before old age' （该研究的主要作者特里：E：莫菲特教授告诉BBC， 研究发现，在衰老前几十年，走得慢是有问题的标志）可知，我们从Philippa Roxby和Terrie EMoffitt的研究可以得知，走路缓慢或许在人变老前几十年就可以被用来预测衰老问题，故选C.

（3）A. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy. Taking steps to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!（这可能会帮助我们在年轻和健康的时候改变生活方式。采取措施延长良好的精神和身体状态是显而易见的）可以推断出，通过这项研究，我们一定会努力找到让我们的健康状态持续更久的方法，故选A.

（4）A. 标题确定题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了科学家的最新研究，即人们在40多岁时走路的速度是他们的大脑和身体衰老程度的标志，研究声称走得慢的人老的快，这可能被视为一个警钟，那些步履缓慢的人是时候锻炼身体，变得更健康了。可知选项A. Researches on Slow Walking（对于步履缓慢的研究）符合题意，故选A.

【点评】考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。 5．

The best family hikes in the U.S.

Finding a hike that's easy enough for youngsters and still enticing for adults can be difficult， but there are several worthwhile hiking trails throughout the U.S.for a family outing.Taking into account scenery， walk﹣ability and accessibility from major cities， we've rounded up five of the best family﹣friendly hikes in America. 1.Jordan Pond Path， Acadia National Park （Maine）

Acadia National Park has a fantastic mix of water features lush mountains and rich wildlife and all can be enjoyed by hiking the Jordan Pond Path.The 3.2﹣mile loop is along the water's edge and offers vistas of The Bubbles Mountains， making for a scenic hike the entire time.Visitors often spot beavers， frogs and birds. 2.Makapuu Lighthouse Trail （Oahu， Hawaii）

This two ﹣ mile trail is located a 30﹣minute drive east of Waikiki and can be travelled through by kids， people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes，outstanding views of the

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coastline， a 1909﹣built lighthouse and even migrating humpback whales （November through May） make it a popular and worthwhile outing. 3.Bear Mountain Loop Trail （New York）

The Bear Mountain Loop Trail （a 90 ﹣ minute drive outside of New York City） is both dog﹣ and kid﹣friendly， though only for those willing and able to climb many steps and do a bit of rock scrambling near the top.Still， many elementary﹣aged kids and fit dogs often complete this hike that ends in lovely views over the Hudson River. 4.Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas）

The Santa Elena Canyon Trail is an easy﹣to﹣moderate hike within Big Bend National Park along the Texas and Mexico border.The picturesque trail provides opportunities to see the winding Rio Grande， wildlife life javelinas and roadrunners and canyon walls.Be prepared for scorching temps in the summer， and don't forget your camera. 5.Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail （San Diego， California）

Although the Los Penasquitos （little cliffs） Canyon Trail stretches seven miles， it's flat， easy and doable for kids， people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.The Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve has Native American history that dates back 7，000 years.Today， hikers， bikers and horseback riders all make use of the expansive area， and visitors can see a waterfall， greenery and an old adobe house.

（1）From which trail can you have a view of the Hudson River？ A A. Bear Mountain Loop Trail （New York） B. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail （Oahu， Hawaii） C. Jordan Pond Path， Acadia National Park （Maine）

D. Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas）

（2）Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas） will be the last choice for those who want to C . A. see Rio Grande B. enjoy the wildlife C. hike in summer D. take pictures

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（3）If a family including children， someone injured in the leg and dogs on leashes plan to hike， which trail will you recommend？

A. Bear Mountain Loop Trail or Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail B. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail or Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail

C. Bear Mountain Loop Trail or Jordan Pond Path， Acadia National Park D. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail or Santa Elena Canyon Trail

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章对美国几个适合家庭远足的景点进行了详细介绍。 【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句\"Still， many elementary ﹣ aged kids and fit dogs often complete this hike that ends in lovely views over the Hudson River.\"（尽管如此，许多小学生和健康的狗经常完成这趟徒步旅行，结束时欣赏哈德逊河的美景。）可知，在Bear Mountain Loop Trail （New York）线路可以欣赏哈德逊河的美景。故选A.

（2）C.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句\"Be prepared for scorching temps in the summer， and don't forget your camera.\"（做好夏季炎热天气的准备，别忘了带上相机。）可知，Santa Elena Canyon Trail， Big Bend National Park （Texas）是那些想要在夏天远足的人的最后选择。故选C.

（3）B.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句\"This two ﹣ mile trail is located a 30 ﹣ minute drive east of Waikiki and can be travelled through by kids， people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.\"（这条两英里长的小径位于怀基基岛以东30分钟车程的地方，儿童、坐轮椅的人和牵着皮带的狗都可以通过。）和最后一段第一句\"Although the Los Penasquitos （little cliffs） Canyon Trail stretches seven miles， it's flat， easy and doable for kids， people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.\"（虽然Los Penasquitos（小悬崖）峡谷小径长达7英里，但它平坦、容易，适合儿童、坐轮椅的人和拴着皮带的狗。）可知，如果一个家庭包括孩子、腿部受伤的人和被拴着的狗，计划徒步旅行，Makapuu Lighthouse Trail 或者Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail非常适合。故选B.

【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。 6．An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted ﹣ the trouble is， no one knows which half. In the internet age， at least in theory， this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for， click on and say online， companies can aim

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\"behavioral\" ads at those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine﹣grained information： Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads？Or should they have explicit permission？

In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission（TC）proposed adding a \"do not track\"（DNT）option to internet browsers， so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT； Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and the Digital advertising Alliance（DAA）agreed that the industry would get cracking （尽快行动） on responding to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer 10， the version due to appear with Windows & would have DNT as a default （默认值）.

Advertisers are horrified.Human nature being what it is，most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now， but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Lidice， the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers， says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads， he says. \"They'll get less meaningful，less targeted ads.\"

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking， although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default， some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all，it has an ad business too，which it says will comply with DNT requests， though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google，which relies almost wholly on advertising， it has chosen an indirect method： There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Window 8 ﹣ though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch， Microsoft's chief privacy officer， blogged： \"We believe consumers should have more control： Could it really be that simple？\"

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（1）It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that \"behavioral\" ads help advertisers to . A. ease competition among themselves B. lower their operational costs C. avoid complaints from consumers D. provide better online services

（2）\"The industry\" （Line 4， Para.3）refers to D . A. online advertisers B. e﹣commerce conductors C. digital information analysts D. internet browser developers

（3）Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default C . A. may cut the number of junk ads B. fails to affect the ad industry C. will not benefit consumers D. goes against human nature

（4）Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6？ A A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose. B. Advertisers are willing to implement DNT. C. DNT is losing its popularity among consumers. D. Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对在浏览器中设置DNT作为默认值存在的争议进行了详细说明。

【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted ﹣ the trouble is， no one knowswhich half.In the internet age， at least in theory， this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for， click onand say online， companies can aim \"behavioral\" ads at those most likely to buy.（俗话说得好， 一半的广告预算都浪费了﹣﹣﹣问题是，没人知道是哪一半。在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一比例可以大大降低。通过观察人们在网上搜索什么、点击什么和说什么，公司可以针对那些最有可能购买的人投放\"行为\"广告）可知，行为广告可以帮助公司减少运营成本。故选B.

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（2）D.词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission （TC） proposed adding a \"do not track\"（DNT） option to internet browsers， so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be fllwed.（2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（TC）提议在互联网浏览器中增加一个禁止跟踪 （ DNT ）选项，这样用户就可以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪。可知， \"In February the FTC and the Digital advertising Alliance （DAA） agreed that the industry would get cracking （尽快行动） onresponding to DNT requests.（今年2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟（DAA）一致认为，该行业将着手回应DNT请求）中的该行业是指网络浏览器开发行业。故选D. （3）C.细节理解题。根据第五段第四句Bob Lidice， the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers， says consumers will beworse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.（全国广告主协会的首席执行官Bob Lidice说，如果广告行业不能收集消费者的偏好信息，他们的处境将会更糟）可知，此处是指如果设置DNT为默认值，广告行业就不能收集消费者的偏好信息，他们的处境将会更糟。由此可知，这样并不会对消费者有好处。故选C.

（4）A.细节理解题。根据第六段第二句\"Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking， although some companies havepromised to do so.（得到DNT信号并不能迫使任何人停止跟踪，尽管一些公司已经承诺会这样做）可知， DNT可能无法实现其预期目的（防止用户被追踪）。由此可知，选项A正确。故选A.

【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。 Section C Directions： Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 7．

The future of management education

On behalf of the trustees of the Gordon Gekko Business School， I write with a helicopter

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view on our beloved institution. There is good news and bad. First， congratulations are in order. Under your leadership， GorGeBS has again been named by The Economist as one of the world's top 100 business schools.

The bad news is that our best﹣of﹣breed status is in danger because the very business model of our school faces structural challenges. Demand is plunging. Our MBA applications are down by a quarter. Across America， applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a row. （1） D

One reason is a drop in international applicants， many of whom are put off by America's anti﹣immigration policies. But before you rush to blame all those law graduates staffing up government departments， the bigger factor is that we are charging too much. Our MBA costs nearly twice as much as it did a decade ago， but nobody believes we are delivering twice as much value.

（2） F The time I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand constituted two of the best years of my life. Even so， I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks﹣ and﹣mortar strategy is wrong﹣headed. Online business education can deliver world﹣class thought leadership， too.

Worse， the relevance of our curriculum is being challenged. （3） A They are in a very different mind space， demanding that we go beyond our traditional teachings on the primacy of shareholder value to embrace stakeholder value.

The threat is existential. In the past five years， nearly a tenth of the full﹣time MBA programmes in America have disappeared. （4） C If we are to survive， never mind elevate GorGeBS to the top of the rankings， we need start thinking outside the box and spearhead the next management revolution. Let's touch base offline soon.

A. The students today are not the ambitious Darwinian capitalists who used to strive for business degrees.

B. However， applicants from developing countries still find acquiring MBA degrees in America an appealing idea.

C. From Florida to Iowa， business schools have stopped offering the degree altogether.

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D. Even at Harvard， they are down this year by about 6%.

E. A continuously worsening environment also leads to the decrease in the acquisition of diplomas.

F. We are also failing to manage with technological disruption.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今管理教育面临挑战，申请商学院的人数不断下降，分析了产生这一现象背后的几个原因以及建议采取的应对措施。

【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据上文\"The bad news is that our best﹣of﹣breed status is in danger because the very business model of our school faces structural challenges. Demand is plunging. Our MBA applications are down by a quarter. Across America，applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a row.（坏消息是，由于我们商学院的商业模式本身面临结构性挑战，我们最优秀的商学院地位正面临危险。需求暴跌。我们的MBA申请下降了四分之一。在美国，申请商学院的人数已经连续五年下降）\"可知，上文主要说明了美国申请商学院的人数连续五年下降，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，举例说明具体的学院申请人数下降情况。故D选项\"Even at Harvard，they are down this year by about 6%.（即使在哈佛，今年的申请人数也下降了大约6%）\"符合语境，故选D. （2）F.段落大意题。根据后文\"The time I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand constituted two of the best years of my life. Even so，I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks﹣ and﹣mortar strategy is wrong﹣headed. Online business education can deliver world﹣class thought leadership，too.（我在我们绿树成荫、坐落在兰德河源头的校园里攻读MBA的时光，是我一生中最美好的两年。即便如此，我开始认为你对传略的顽固捍卫是错误的。在线商业教育也可以提供世界级的思想领导力）\"可知，本段最后一句提到，在线商业教育也可以提供世界级的思想领导力，说明商学院申请人数下降也受到了网络技术的影响和干扰。故F选项\"We are also failing to manage with technological disruption.（我们也未能应对技术的干扰）\"符合语境，故选F.

（3）A.细节推断题。根据上文\"Worse，the relevance of our curriculum is being challenged.（更糟糕的是，我们课程的相关性正在受到挑战）\"以及后文\"They are in a very different mind space，demanding that we go beyond our traditional teachings on the primacy of shareholder value to embrace stakeholder value.（他们所处的思想空间截然不同，要求我们超越传统的股东价值至上的教导，拥抱利益相关者的价值）\"可知，上文提到课程相关性

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受到了挑战，后文则提到了思想空间不同，可推知，本句承上启下，将如今的学生与过去相对比，凸显其不同，后文中They与A选项中The students today为指代关系。故A选项\"The students today are not the ambitious Darwinian capitalists who used to strive for business degrees.（今天的学生已不再是过去那些雄心勃勃、努力获得商学学位的达尔文式资本家）\"符合语境，故选A.

（4）C.根据上文\"In the past five years，nearly a tenth of the full﹣time MBA programmes in America have disappeared.（在过去5年里，美国有近十分之一的全日制MBA课程消失了）\"可知，上文提到美国MBA课程消失的现象，本句要承接上文，继续说明与MBA课程消失相关的情况，故C选项\"From Florida to Iowa，business schools have stopped offering the degree altogether.（从佛罗里达到爱荷华州，商学院已经完全停止提供学位）\"符合语境。故选C.

【点评】选句填空类阅读理解题材广泛，所以学生要拓展知识面，关心时事，学习之余，增加阅读面。做此类题型，要通读全文，重点理解空白处前后的句子，把握意思的连贯性、逻辑性，锁定线索词，认真阅读选项，排除迷惑项，确定选项后，再快速泛读全文，确保文章上下衔接流畅选项有据可依。 IV. Summary Writing

8．Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words， Use your own words as far as possible

Parents everywhere praise their kids when they do well in school， win a ball game， or build an impressive sandcastle， anything that seems to be something \"remarkable\". Jenn Berman， author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids， says， \"We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter.\" giving kids a lot of praise， parents think they're building their children's confidence.

In fact they may he wrong. Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new， things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. Still， not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough and， as a result， may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

So what is the right amount of praise？ Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort ﹣ mot the outcome，

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you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. \"We should especially recognize our children's efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，\" says Donahue， author of parenting Without Fear，\"Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard， you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.\"

Praising the effort can also mean you need to identify the part where your kids make special efforts in a particular scenario（情景）. Instead of saying， \"you are such a good baseball player\"， say， \"you hit the ball really hard. You are an excellent first baseman. \" Being specific is much better and helps kids identify with their special skill， Donahue says. 【分析】本文为议论文。父母总是喜欢表扬孩子，但是不恰当的表扬适得其反，父母应该给予真诚的和具体的表扬。

高分句型一：Parents praise their kids to boost their confidence. 译文：父母表扬孩子以增强他们的信心。 分析：这句话使用不定式作目的状语。

高分句型二：So what matters is the quality of praise. 译文：所以重要的是表扬的质量。 分析：这句话使用what引导主语从句。

【解答】Parents praise their kids to boost their confidence. 【高分句型一】（父母总会进行表扬，给予他们信心）However， too much praise may stop their kids from exploring new things. （太多的表扬不好）Kids may also feel discouraged and stop trying without adequate praise. （没有足够的表扬孩子们会气馁）So what matters is the quality of praise. 【高分句型二】（重要的是表扬的质量）Parents should learn to give sincere and specific praises for their efforts in a particular case.（父母应该给予真诚的和具体的表扬）

【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟

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通桥梁。

V.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

9．他是一个意志坚定的人，不会受到周围流言蜚语的影响。（prevent）（汉译英） He is a man of strong will， preventing himself from being affected by the gossip around him. 【分析】他是一个意志坚定的人，不会受到周围流言蜚语的影响。

【解答】答案：He is a man of strong will， preventing himself from being affected by the gossip around him.1. 因指的是现在的事情，要用一般现在时；2. he与prevent之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语；3. prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，himself与affect之间是动宾关系，要用动名词的一般被动式。故填：He is a man of strong will， preventing himself from being affected by the gossip around him.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

10．在昨天的会议上，编辑坚持要求必须在第二天中午之前将新闻发布出去。（insist） （汉译英） At yesterday's meeting， the editor insisted the news （should） be released by noon the second day. 【分析】在昨天的会议上，编辑坚持要求必须在第二天中午之前将新闻发布出去。 【解答】答案：At yesterday's meeting， the editor insisted the news （should） be released by noon the second day.1. 根据时间状语At yesterday's meeting可知，要用一般过去时；2. insist意为\"坚持要求\"时，后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用\"should+动词原形\"，should可省略；3. news与release之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填：At yesterday's meeting， the editor insisted the news （should） be released by noon the second day. 【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

11．在遭受严重的天灾后，该地区的经济遭受重创，只有在的领导下才能让其起死回生。 （bring） （汉译英） After suffering from the serious natural disaster， the area's economy is broken seriously. Only the government's leadership can bring it back to life.

【分析】在遭受严重的天灾后，该地区的经济遭受重创，只有在的领导下才能让其起死回生。

【解答】答案：After suffering from the serious natural disaster， the area's economy is broken

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seriously. Only the government's leadership can bring it back to life.1. 因指的是现在的事情，两个分句都用一般现在时；2. suffer from遭受；bring …back to life使……起死回生。故填：After suffering from the serious natural disaster， the area's economy is broken seriously. Only the government's leadership can bring it back to life.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

12．作为一名准大学生，你必须要学会独自面对未知的未来，培养自力更生的能力，这样你才能在未来的人生道路上走得比他人更远。（by which） （汉译英） As a prospective college student， you must learn to face the unknown future by yourself and cultiveate the ability of self﹣reliance， by which you can go further than others in your future life. 【分析】作为一名准大学生，你必须要学会独自面对未知的未来，培养自力更生的能力，这样你才能在未来的人生道路上走得比他人更远。

【解答】答案：As a prospective college student， you must learn to face the unknown future by yourself and cultiveate the ability of self﹣reliance， by which you can go further than others in your future life.1. 因指的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2. by which you can go further than others in your future life是定语从句，which的先行词是前面整个句子；3. learn to do sth.学会做某事；by oneself单独地， 独自地；go farther走得更远。故填：As a prospective college student， you must learn to face the unknown future by yourself and cultiveate the ability of self﹣reliance， by which you can go further than others in your future life.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。 VI. Guided Writing

13．Directions： Write an English composition in 120 ﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinse.

随着现代科技的发展，网络已经成为年轻人生活的一部分。简要描述图片所展现的现象，结合自己的实际生活谈谈你的看法。

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【分析】高分句型一

But if you spend too much time on it， you will become lazy and can't put your heart on study. 分析：由if引导的条件状语从句you spend too much time on it.

翻译：但是如果你花太多的时间在这上面，你会变得懒惰，不能把你的心放在学习上。 高分句型二

In a word， we must be careful when we use the Internet. 分析：由when引导的时间状语从句we use the Internet. 翻译：总之，我们在使用互联网时必须小心。

【解答】As is shown in the picture above， a student is doing homework， not thinking for himself， but relying on the Internet. Apparently， students rely too much on the Internet.（描述图片所展现的现象）

Honestly speaking， with the development of modern science and technology， Internet has become a part of young people's life. I think Internet can bring us both advantages and disadvantages. If you have some trouble studying， you can surf the Internet to find more helpful information. But if you spend too much time on it， you will become lazy and can't put your heart on study.（结合自己的实际生活谈谈自己的看法）

To solve the problem， teachers and parents should limit the time their kids spend on it. Students should also learn to use the Internet properly. In a word， we must be careful when we use the Internet.（解决方法）

【点评】本题対于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的开篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使

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用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。

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