An Integrated Skills Course 1
Contents
Unit1 Education ........................................................................ 2 Unit2 Friendship ....................................................................... 8 Unit3 Gifts .............................................................................. 12 Unit4 Movies .......................................................................... 18 Unit5 Our Earth ...................................................................... 22 Unit6 Part-time Jobs ............................................................... 30 Unit 7 Health ………………………………………………..36 Unit 8 Famous People...……………………………………..48 Unit 9 Festival...……………………………………………..61
Unit 10 Animal Stories… …………………………………..73
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Unit1 Education
Objectives
1. Read what Bill Gates says about education;
2. Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life; 3. Learn something from an ancient Greek educator; 4. Study different types of nouns; 5. Write an introduction of yourself. Focuses
1. Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life; 2. Write an introduction of yourself. Outline
1. Warm-up Discussion; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B and C) 2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the
class beforehand) 6. Practical Writing
Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up discussion
Question: Do you know anything about Bill Gates such as his life and his educational background? Hint
1) birthday and birthplace: October 28, 1995; Seattle, Washington
2) educational background: Harvard University (education not completed)
3) career: chairmen and chief software architect of Microsoft, the word‘s largest and most profitable software company. 4) main events in his life:
a. beginning programming computers at age 13;
b. developing a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer in Harvard;
c. founding Microsoft Corporation in 1975 at the age of 19
II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. education n. 教育
e.g. Children in poor areas receive free education. educate v. 教育；教导 educated adj. 受教育的 e.g. a well-educated man educator n. 教育家，教育者 2. count v. 派用场，点数
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e.g. 1) Every seconds counts.
2) What counts more is whether you have tried your best. 3) to count from 1 to 100 4) Count these apples.
3. advantage n. 有利条件，好处；优点，优势 e.g. This product has many advantages.
advantageous adj. 有利的，有益的，便利的 e.g. It is highly advantageous to us.
Phrase: take advantage of 很好的使用；利用 e.g. take advantage of all educational opportunities Antonym: disadvantage n. 不利；不利条件
e.g. His bad health is a great disadvantage to him when he looks for work. 4. lifetime n. 一生，终生 e.g. 1) a lifetime guarantee 2)lifetime membership
3) In my father‘s lifetime there have been many changes in the village. 5. part-time adj.& adv. 兼职的（地） e.g. 1)a part-time job 2)He works part-time. full-time adj. 全职的 e.g. a full-time housewife
6. programmer n. 程序师，编程员 program v. 编制程序
e.g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of doing it manually(手工操作). 7. discourage vt. 不鼓励；使泄气，使失去信心
e.g. His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. discouraged adj. 泄气的，失去信心的
discouraging adj. 使人泄气的，使人失去信心的
e.g. 1) If you meet difficulty in your study, don‘t be discouraged. 2) It is discouraging that I didn‘t know how to solve the problem. Antonym: encourage vt. 鼓励
e.g. I encouraged her to work hard and to try to pass the examinations. courage n. 勇敢，勇气
e.g. David showed great courage when he saved the child from the burning house. 8. diploma n. 文凭，毕业证书 e.g. a college diploma
diplomatic adj. 外交的，从事外交的
e.g. Julia joined the diplomatic service after her graduation from university. 9. project n. 项目，课题
e.g. 1) an impossible project
2) The professor is directing a research project. Synonym: plan
10. highly adv. 高度地；非常 e.g. 1) a highly interesting story
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2) a highly paid job
Phrase: speak/ think highly of 赞扬，对„给予很高评价 e.g. The leader speaks / thinks highly of our work. 11. focus v. （使）集中；（使）聚焦 e.g. 1) to focus (one‘s mind) in work 2) All eyes focused on the speaker. focus n. （兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点
e.g. Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he
entered the office. 12. range n. 范围
e.g. You have a wide range of choices. range vi. 在某范围内变化
e.g. The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees. 13. attend v. 参加，出席 e.g. attend school attend a lecture
attendance n. 出席，到场 14. automatically adv. 自动地
e.g. the machine operates automatically. automatic adj. 自动的
e.g. We have an automatic washing machine. 15. drop out of 退学，不参与，退出
e.g. 1) He dropped out of school at the age of 10 because his family was too poor to afford the
tuition.
2) She decided to drop out of the competition because it was not fire. 16. chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的良机，一生中唯一的机会
e.g. It‘s the chance of a lifetime. You will regret it the rest of your life if you don‘t take it. 17. try out 试验，考验
e.g. She bought a cookbook and tried out a few new recipes. 18. in short 简而言之，总之
e.g. In short, you should study hard for a better future. Synonym: in brief/ to sum up/ all in all/ in conclusion
III. Language Points in Text A
1. They want to know what to study, or whether it‟s Ok to drop out of college since that‟s what I did.
what to study: This is a wh-word + infinitive structure used as the object, which can be changed into an object clause. Wh-word + infinitive structure can be used as a subject, an object, or an appositive clause(同位语从句)，for example:
1) How to improve their English is often discussed among the students. 2) We haven‘t decided when to visit the place.
3) You haven‘t answered my question about where to get these books.
it‟s Ok to drop out of college: Here ―it‖ is used as a formal subject, and the actual subject is the infinitive structure ―to drop out of college‖. The general pattern is ―It is + adj. + (for/ of + sb.) to
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do sth.‖ More examples:
1) It was very thoughtful of her to come to see me when I was ill. 2) It‘s easy for me to see through his trick.
that‟s what I did: ―what I did‖ here is a predictive clause (表语从句)introduced by ―what‖. It is always structured in the form of ―subject + be/ look/ remain/ seem + predictive clause‖ and can be introduced by such words as ―that‖ (always omitted), and other wh-words, for example: 1) It seems (that) it is going to rain.
2) This is why I refused to attend the meeting.
2. As I‟ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the chance of a lifetime.
As I‟ve said before: This is a non-restrictive relative clause(非性关系从句) introduced by ―as‖(正如…的那样), which can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. More examples:
1) As people expected, she was admitted to Beijing University.
2) Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake, as I have learned from the newspaper.
unless: is a conjunction for an adverbial clause of condition (条件状语从句), which equals ―if…not…‖(除非).
e.g. I won‘t leave unless the rain stops.
3. In my company‟s early years, we have a bright part-time programmer who planned to drop out of high school to work.
planned to: intend to do sth.计划、打算做某事
e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vocation.
who planned to …work: a restrictive relative clause introduced by ―who‖ since its antecedent is a person and serves as the subject in the clause. The relative pronoun ―that‖ can be used here too. More examples:
1) The young man who sits there quietly is my brother. 2) I don‘t like people that pry into others‘ private business.
4. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job. look to sb./ sth.: to depend on sb. or sth. for help or advice 指望，依赖 e.g. We look to you for support.
5. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn many things and to do projects with others that teach you about team spirit.
that teach you about team spirit: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by ―that‖, whose antecedent acts as the subject of the clause. Actually the relative clause introduced by ―that‖ can be used to modify both the person or the thing, and the roll of ―that‖ can be either the subject or the object.
e.g. He was the only one that I knew there.
I haven‘t been to the place that you have mentioned.
6. In high school there was a time when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had many interests.
when …software: This is a relative clause introduced by the relative adverb ―when‖, which acts as the adverbial of time in the clause.
e.g. 1) There was a time when I completely lost my self-confidence. 2) I will never forget those days when we were together.
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7. For me, classroom is not the only place where you can learn.
where you can learn: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb ―where‖, which is used as the adverbial of place in the clause.
e.g. 1) Do you still remember the restaurant where we had dinner last night? 2) This is the place where he stayed his whole life.
8. In short, it‟s a real mistake not to take the chance to study a wide range of subjects and to learn to work with other people because education does count.
it‟s a real mistake not to take the chance: This is an example of a negative infinitive structure, where ―not‖ is placed before an infinitive.
e.g. 1) We are asked not to speak loudly in class.
2) It is a good idea not to go out on such a rainy day.
IV. Focus on Grammar 名词(Noun )
一、名词的概念 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。
二、名词的分类 按照意义划分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 1. 专有名词
专有名词表示特定的人或物，如人名、地名、机构组织名称等，首字母须大写，有些须带定冠词。如
Shakespeare Michael Jordan New York Europe the Atlantic the Philippines the United Nations the People‘s Republic of China 2. 普通名词
普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称，又可分为四类。 1）个体名词：指人或物的个体，可以计数。如：a book, two books‘; a teacher, several teachers 2）集体名词：指一群人或物的总称，有些可数，有些不可数，而有些总以复数形式出现。 可数集体名词，如：class, team, family
不可数集体名词，如：furniture, equipment, machinery 复数形式的集体名词，如：people, police, clothes
3）物质名词：表示不能分为个体的物质，为不可数名词。如：meat, milk, gold, cloth, land 4）抽象名词：表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，为不可数名词。如：friendship, hunger 三、名词的计数 按照名词是否有复数形式，还可以把名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词的复数形式构成有规则变化与不规则变化之分。 1. 规则可数名词复数形式的构成详见学生用书。 2. 不规则名词的复数构成主要有以下几种情况：
1）通过内部元音变换成复数。如：foot-feet, mouse-mice, man-men 2）通过加-en变为复数。如：child-children, ox-oxen
3）有些名词单复数同形。如：means-means, species-species, sheep-sheep 4）外来词的复数形式。如：analysis-analyses, datum-data, criterion-criteria 3. 不可数名词的计数：不可数名词的计数须使用“单位词”。如： A piece of news, an article of furniture, a bar of chocolate, a bowl of rice
V. Language Points in Text B
1. Being a man of few words: This is an –ing participial phrase（现在分词短语） used as an
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adverbial to denote cause or reason, which can be changed into an adverbial clause of cause or reason（原因状语从句）: ―As he was a man who didn‘t speak a lot.‖ e.g. Not feeling well, she asked for leave to go to the doctor.
Being poor in health and lacking in teaching experience, she was dismissed. 2. He …with all of his clothes still on, walked straight out into the sea:
with all of his clothes still on: This is a prepositional phrase used as an adverbial denoting accompanying circumstances.
e.g. He left home with the door unlocked.
We stayed here for a whole week with nothing to do at all.
3. The student followed him and joined him where the water was just below their chins. join sb.: to be with sb., to come into the company of sb. e.g. I asked her to join me in a walk.
Please join me in a toast to the health of our host.
4. Looking deep into his student‟s eyes: This is an –ing participial phrase denoting accompanying circumstances, which can be changed into a coordinate clause. e.g. She telephoned me, telling me that she had got a promotion. He came downstairs, singing softly to himself.
5. Just before a life was taken away, Socrates freed the student. take away: to cause to lose
e.g. No one can take away what is destined to belong to you.
The man was courageous enough to save the girl from the fire even though it might have taken away his life.
6. “When you want wisdom and knowledge as badly as you wanted to breath, then you will have them.”
as…as…: 像……一样，和……一样
e.g. She is my favorite singer. In my eye, there is no one as good as her. The new campus is twice as big as the old one.
VI. Focus on Writing
人们初次见面往往要做自我介绍，而书面的自我介绍主要见于求职信或自我推荐信。一般来说，自我介绍应包括姓名、性别、年龄、出生地、家庭背景、教育情况、工作经历、兴趣爱好等。如果是交友目的的自我介绍，也可以适当加入相貌描写。自我介绍内容上要真实准确，表达上应清楚礼貌。
Expressions for description of a person:
1) Forehead: A person‘s forehead can be large, high, low, broad, narrow, flat, etc. 2) Face: A person‘s face can be round, square, oval, thin, long, big, etc.
3) Eyes: A person may have dark eyes, deep-set eyes, clear and bright eyes, watery eyes, etc.
4) Hair: Hair may be short, long, thin, thick, straight, curly, wavy, unkempt, etc. And hair may have the colors of black, red, brown, grey, silver, white, fair, blond, golden, etc. 5) Figure: A person‘s figure may be slender, slim, fat, plump, stout, thin, lean, etc. 6) Height: A person may be tall, short, of medium/ average height, etc.
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Unit2 Friendship
Objectives:
1. Basic vocabulary: operator, neighborhood, discover, device, amazing, hammer, sympathy
mouthpiece, moment, sob, bleed, fridge, comfort, pet, belong, land, airport, dial, hometown, plan, pause, mean
2. Speaking and discussion: talking about friendship and the stories between students and their
friends.
3. Grammar: pronoun
4. Writing: writing personal letters Focuses:
1. The usage of words and expressions 2. Grammar: pronoun
3. Writing a letter: how to write a letter; practice writing a letter 4. Listening: pay attention to the listening skills and contents. Outline:
1. Vocabulary and expressions <2> 2. Reading: text A <2> 3. Grammar <1>
4. Exercises and writing <1> 5. Listening and speaking <2>
Procedures: The first period: Step1: warm up (10minutes)
Ask the students to talk about the meaning of friendship, or introduce their friends to us, and tell us some interesting stories between them.
Step2: vocabulary and expressions (35minutes) 1.operate v. 操作；运转
e.g. Do you know how to operate the machine? Operator n. 电话接线员
2. neighborhood n. 附近地区；近邻
e.g. The whole neighborhood came to see what happened. neighbor n. 邻居
neighboring adj. 附近的 3.discover v. 发现
e.g. New oil fields have been discovered. discovery n. 探索 4. device n. 装置
e.g. He designed a device to water the garden. 5. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的 amazed adj. 吃惊的；惊奇的 e.g. Her performance was amazing. e.g. I was amazed at her performance.
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6. hammer n. 锤子； v. 用锤子敲，打 e.g. The hammer hit his foot. 7. sympathy n 同情
in sympathy with 同情，同意
e.g. I am in sympathy with those who are rich in material life but poor in spiritual life. sympathetic adj 同情的；有同情心的
e.g. When I told her why I was worried, she was very sympathetic. 8. moment n. 瞬间；片刻 at the moment 目前；现在
e.g. He is not in the office at the moment; nobody knows where he has gone. In a moment 一会儿；立即；马上 e.g. Dinner will be ready in a moment. The (very) moment (when) 一···就
e.g. The moment he appeared on the stage, the audience stood up. 9. sob v. 呜咽；啜泣
e.g. At the news that she hadn‘t passed the exam, she sobbed loudly. 10. bleed v. 流血
e.g. The cut in my head bled a lot.
The second period:
Step1: vocabulary and expressions (15minutes) 11.comfort n. 安慰；舒适 e.g. He lived in comfort.
e.g.A friend is someone who can comfort you when you need it. comfortable adj. 舒服的；舒适的
e.g. She feels comfortable in her new shoes. 12 belong vi. 属于
e.g. I don‘t belong to their group because we have little in common. 13. land v. 登陆；到达
e.g. The plane landed on time. 14. dial v. 拨电话号码
e.g. I may have dialed the wrong number since nobody answered. 15. plan n. & v. 计划
e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vacation. 16. pause n. &vi. 暂停；停顿
e.g. There was a long pause in his speech. 17. mean v. 意味，意思
e.g. Friendship means a lot to me. Meaning n. 意思；意义 Meaningful adj. 有意义的
Step2: Exercise (15minutes)
Ask the students to finish the exercise ,vocabulary check(part A), page24 Then check the answers
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Key: 1. meant 2. hurt 3. plan 4. miss 5. hurt 6. missed 7. meant/means 8. plan
Step3: Reading text A (15minutes)
Give students 10students to go through the whole text, and finish comprehension A.,then check the answers. Key: CDACD
The third period:
Step1: Text A (45minutes)
Text A: My friend, the telephone operator Language Points:
1. There was no one home to offer sympathy: No one was at home to comfort me.. ―Home‖ in this sentence is used as an adverb.
e.g. She will be home in half an hour if the traffic is fine. 2. think of doing sth.
e.g. I didn‘t know what to say because I had never thought of meeting her on such an occasion. 3. on one‘s way to 在前往···的路上
e.g. We got stuck in a traffic jam on our way to school today. 4. used to 过去常常（做）
e.g. There used to be a playground here, but now there is a skyscraper. Be/get used to doing 习惯做···
e.g. I have to get used to getting up early even on weekends. 5. look forward 期待着
e.g. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
6. I wonder if you have any idea how much you meant to me during all that time.
I wonder if : This sentence construction can be used for an inquiry or a negative statement. e.g. I wonder if he knows what he is doing.
The fourth period:
Step1: Review the new words and expressions (10minutes)
Review the new words and expressions, then do the exercises, vocabulary check (part C),page 25.
Key: 1. belonged 2. pause 3. look forward to 4. discovered 5. land 6. used to 7. amazing 8. thinking of
Step2: Grammar Tips (25minutes) 代词 （Pronoun）
代词分为八类：人称代词，物主代词， 反身代词， 指示代词， 不定代词， 疑问代词， 连接代词和关系代词。
（1） 人称代词表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”的词称为人称代词。人称代词分为主格和宾格。
（2） 物主代词表示所有关系的代词。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 （3） 反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”等的代词称为反身代词。 （4） 指示代词表示“这个”“那个”“这些”等意思的代词称为指示代词。 （5） 不定代词表示没有指明的人或事。
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（6） 疑问代词：包括who, whom, whose, which 和what五个词， 用以构成特殊疑问句。
Step3: Exercise (10minutes)
Ask the students to finish the practice (part B&C),then check the answers. Key: B: 1. their; Ours 2. myself 3. you 4. Which 5. all C: 1. much 2. anyone 3. another 4. Few 5. All
The fifth period:
Step1: Fast reading (10minutes)
Give students 5 minutes to go through the text, then do the exercise, comprehension (partA). Key: BDCAD
Step2: Text B (35minutes) Language points:
1. in reply 回答；答复
e.g. He said nothing in reply, and just nodded instead. 2. go through 经历；经受
e.g. She has gone through much hardship in her lifetime. 3. turn into 变成
e.g. There used to be a park here, bur now it has turned into an apartment complex. 4. thousands of 数以千计
e.g. She received thousands of letters from her fans every month. 5. come to 逐渐开始；达到（某种状态）
e.g. He came to realize that health was more important than anything else. 6. get off 走下
e.g. I saw her as soon as I got off the train. 7. face to face 面对面的 e.g. We sat quite, face to face. 8. lose heart 灰心；丧气
e.g. Don‘t lose heart, You still have a chance.
Homework: Comprehensive Exercise (part B&D),page 31 &32
The sixth period:
Step1: Check the answers (15minutes) Key: Part B : CCBBC BDDAA
Part D: 1. What he says hurts his friend‘s feelings.
2. John means a lot to Bill because he often helped him a lot. 3. We all have sympathy for her.
4. Mary likes to share her happiness with her friends. 5. I look forward to meeting him again. Step2: Writing (30minutes)
Personal letters: Learn how to write a personal letter, then ask students to practice writing letter.
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Unit3 Gifts
Objectives:
1. To master the useful words and expressions
2. To gasp the grammar points: 基数词和序数词的区别 3. To improve reading and writing skills Focuses: 1. Vocabulary 2. Test A
1) be careful in doing sth. be careful of sth
2) only + adv.(adverbial clause句型中，谓语动词部分要倒装 3) make +O (n/ pron.)+O.C (adj./ n / pre.p. / pant.p ./ prep.phr )
4) 不及物动词的动词不定式短语做定语修饰前面的名词时，其中的介词不能省
5) 语法基数词和序数词的区别，用法，及其读法，尤其是特殊序数词（可提在课文前讲） 3. Test B
1) 做动词，介词或形容词的宾语从句 2) until与not...until状语从句的区别
3) 现在分词的一般式与现在分词的完成式作状语的区别 Outline:
1. Study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B and C) 2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
Procedures:
Part 1 Vocabulary（2 periods） 1. Read the new words aloud.
2. A brief introduction of the new words.
Gift=present interviewer n 面试官，会见者 interviewee n 被访问者，被接见者 Occasional adj. 偶尔的，不妙的, occasionally adv. 偶尔，有时
Invite v 邀请 host v 做东 hostage n 人质，抵押品 hostess n女主人，旅店女老板 Introduce v 传入，介绍，引进 modesty n 谦逊，谨慎，优雅 Requirement n 需要，需求 require sb. to sth.要求某人做某事 require sth of sb 对某人有要求
Attentive adj. 注意的，关心的，有礼貌的 ~ly adv ~ness n
Pay attention to 关心，关注 you should pay attention to your studies
Give attention to 关心，关注 give you whole attention to what you are doing 全心做你所做的事情
Call / draw one‘s attention to sth 促使某人注意某事 alcohol n. 酒精
Person n 人物，人称，人格 personally adv 亲自，本人自己 personnel n 全体人员，职员（=staff）
Personalize v 人格化 拟人 personify v 看作人 拟人 personality n 个性 人格 人物 Wrap up 穿的暖和 结束 完成 be wrapped up in 埋头于„全神贯注于„ She was wrapped up in her book , and didn‘t notice me at all 她沉浸于书本中，完全没有注意
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到我
3. Explain the important words 1) give n (1) 给予
(2) 弹性，弹力，可变性，适应性 (3) take 交换，互让 妥协 (4) 卖与，交换
I will give it for 5 dollars 五美圆我就卖了．I will give 5 dollars for it 五美圆我就买了 (5）产生 产出 发生 引起 trees give fruit 树结果子
(6）give one‘s lift to do sth. 献身于某事 he gave his lift to study 他一辈子献身学问 (7）give off 放 发 散发（烟,光,气,味,热等）the fish bad and gives off a terrible smell (8)give oneself over to sth 贪（酒等）her uncle gives himself over to all kinds of liquors 2) last adv 最后，上一次 last of all 在最后
I haven‘t seen you for ages since I saw you last (=last time)
Last n 最终 结局 周末 月底 at long last 好容易才 breathe one‘s last 断气 死 From first to last 自始至终 look one‘s last 临死的一看 last but one 倒数第二 He thought every moment would be his last 他时时刻刻都以为他要完（死）了 3）show v．show sb． round a place 带领某人参观某地 She showed us round the beautiful school yesterday. 他昨天带领我们参观了那个美丽的学校
Show concern for sb 关心某人 our teacher often shows concern for us Show up 揭穿 显出 the mark shows up only in the strong sunshine. 那斑痕只在强烈的阳光下才显现出来
The deceptions of revisionism have been shown up by its own deeds. 修正注意的欺骗已被它自己的行动所揭露 Make a show of oneself 出丑，出洋相
Show a guest in/out 领客人进来/出去 give the show away露出马脚，泄露内幕 Do a show 去看戏/电影
4）add v. adder n 加法 addition n. additional adj. 附加的，另加的 additionally adv additive adj. 附加的，添加的 n. 添加物/剂 addible adj. 可添加的 additament n 附加物
additive reaction 加成反应 chemical additives 化学添加剂
add up 加起来 合计 Would you please add up these figures 你能把这些数字加起来吗 In addition 此外
a) In addition we have invited the teachers 此外，我们还请了老师
b) In addition to the books I also bought a dictionary 除了那些书，我还买了一本字典 c)It will take an additional two weeks to finish the work 还得花两周才能完成这项工作 5）present v 给 赠送 介绍 引进
n 赠品 赠送 礼物 现在
adj 出席的 在场的 当今的 当面的 presence n 存在 出席 当面 见面 presentation n
presentable adj 拿的出去的 中看的 有礼貌的 可介绍的
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a) he present a book to me(me with a book) yesterday 他昨天送我一本书 b) allow me to present MR Brown to you 请允许我把布朗 介绍给你
c) samples are presented free 样品免费赠送 up to the present 至今 到现在为止 d) new year‘s present 年礼
make a present of sth to sb/make sb a present of sth 把某物送给某人
Will you make me a present of your photograph 把你的相片送一张给我好吗？ e)at present 现在 目前 I didn‘t need the book at present 我现在还不需要这本书 f)for the present 暂时 暂且 I can‘t remember it for the present 我一时记不起来了
g)present to 出现在 A vivid picture is present to his eyes 一幅生动的画面出现在他的眼前 h)The present international situation is excellent 当前国际形势一片大好 i)MR Wang was present at the meeting yesterday 昨天王先生出席了会议 j)We shall be very glad to have your present 你如能出席，我们将感到很高兴
4. Homework
A) read text A by yourself and try to understand the text ,and learn the new words by heart B) do the comprehension exercises on page 39 and 40(A-B)
Part 2 Text A (2 periods)
1 check and correct the exercises an page 39 and 40 2 explain the text sentence by sentence 3 language point
1) be careful in doing sth
We need to be careful (in)preparing the report ,no mistake is allowed. 我们要小心准备报告，不许出错 小心作某事
be careful of sth
He was careful(in)decorating the Christmas tree. 他小心翼翼地装饰圣诞树
be more careful of your spelling in your writing ,there are so many spell mistakes 2)on occasions (=something/occasionally)有时 on one occasion 曾经，有个时候 On occasion 时不常 on several occasions 屡次 好几次 on the occasion of 在„时 A. On occasions she goes to the nursing house to spend a with the elderly. 有时她会去敬老院陪那里的老人过一天
B He usually stays at home on weekends, but on occasions he goes to the cinema. 周末他一般呆在家里，但有时也会去看电影。
3).in order--approriate/organzed 恰当，整齐，按顺序
A. It'll be quite in order for you to leave now.你现在可以走了。
B. She keeps everything in her room in order.她房间里一切都井井有条。 4).once--as soon as 一....就....
Once printed ,the book become bestseller.那边一出版就极为畅销。
5). Only when 只有在（某个特定的）时候 该短语位于句首时，谓语动词要部分倒装
A .Only when you are asked to, can you go = You can go only when you are asked to.让你走你才能走。
B .Only when one fall ill, does he know the value of health.只有生病了才知道健康的可贵
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C .Only in this way can you study well 只有用这种方法才能学好 D .Only he can do it well 只有他才能干好。（因为only后无adv.或adverbial clause 所以没倒装）
6). make certain 确保，确定
A.please make certain that all the lights have been turned off before you leave 离开前请确保所有的灯都关了。
B.I checked the letter twice to make certain that there was no spelling mistakes我把信检查了两遍以确保没有拼写错误。
7).make + O(Pron)+ O.C.(adj./n./pre.p/prep.phr.)
A.Her intelligence &diligence made her quite popular with the staff.她聪明勤奋，员工都很喜欢她。
B.The scary movice make me too frightened to fall asleep看了那部恐怖片我吓得睡不着觉。 C.I had to shout to make myself heard in such a big crowd.人这么多，我不得不大喊才能让让人听到我说话。
D. She was made monitor of our class.她当选了我们班的班长。
E. Mother made me wash my clothes last Sunday 上周日，妈妈让我把我的衣服洗了。
8).to look at 为iufinitive phrase 作定语修饰前面的名词gift.必须注意，这里的介词AT不能省不及物动词的短语（Vi+Prep）不定式作定语修饰前面的名词时，在逻辑上，介词与被修名词为介词+宾语的关系，所以不能省。
A. This is the best flat for an old man to live in 这公寓最适合老人住。 B. I want to find someone to talk to 我想找个人说话。
C. Here is a sheet of paper for you to write on 这里有张纸给你写字。
4. Focus on grammar 数词 (Numeral)
表示―数词‖和―顺序‖的词叫做数词。数词分两大类：基数词和序数词。表示―多少‖的 词叫做基数词。表示―第几‖的词叫做序数词。 1).基数词
基数词构成：基数词中1--12是单词，13--19的基数词以后缀-teen结尾，20-90 中整+位数词以后缀——ty结尾。比较特殊的数词：tlirteen,fifteen (不是fiveen),forty (不是fourty)其他的讲解见教参书(the teecher's book)on page 63--
另外 以下几点：
A.以-ty 结尾的基数词构成序数词时先把y边i ，再加-eth, 如：twentieth thirieth fortieth fiftieth
B.分数的表示法，如:1/3 one-third 3/4 three fourths 2 （3/8）two and three eighths
C.小数点的表示法.小数点为point 如：5.3 five point three 8.47 eight point four seven D.百分数的表示法，百分数percent 如：7%通常读作seven percent 96%ninty -six percent 但是，50% 25% 75% 通常读作a half, aquarter,threequarcent E.倍数的表示法，用 times 如：3倍 three times 6 six times 但是2倍为twice a 这个房间比那个房间大3倍。1）This room is four times as big as that one . 2）This room is four times the size of that one . 3）This room is three times bigger than that one. b 这条河比那条河长两倍 1) This river is three times as long as that one.
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2) This river is three times the length of that one. 3) This river is twice longer than that one.
5. Do the exercise on page 44(Translate the following Chinese phrases onto English)& exercises on page 42--43
6. Read the new words in text B 7. Homework
1) Read &try to remember the new words in Text A by heart 2) Read Text B & do exercises on page 46--47
Part 3 Text B （2 periods）
1. Check &correct the exercise on page 46--47.and then explain some new words briefly 2. Explain the text sentence by sentence 3. Explain some useful language points 1).live on one's own 独自生活
A. Being away from their parents, they have to live on their own at boarding school.
父母不在身边他们在寄宿学校起居全靠自己。
B. The old man lived on his own in a small farm despite his children's resistant. 尽管孩子们反对，老人还是一个人生活在一座小农庄里。
2).and she wondered what she could buy her as a present...该句是一个带有以with 引得的宾语从句的主从复合句，从句做动词wondered的宾语、做动词、介词、形容词、的宾语从句举例如下：
A. They said that they could send her the umbrella they had found. B Whether we succeed depends on how well we cooperate. 我们能否成功取决于我们是否能好好合作。
C. The doctors were not sure whether they could save his life. 医生不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
3) instead of 代替，而不是 （有时可用instead来代替）
A. You should eat more fish instead of meat .你应该多吃鱼，少吃肉。 B. She ,instead of you ,has been chosen as chairman of the student's Union. 是她，而不是你当选学生会。
C. We'll go to the cinema instead of watching TV at home this evening. We'll not watch TV at home, instead we'll go to the cinema this evening.
4) When she had been searching for half an hour, ... 该句是一个过去完成进行时的句子。过去完成进行时用于表示在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作。 A.I had been working for a while when she arrived.
她来到时，我已经工作了一段时间。
B.She had been learching to play the pianoo for a long time before starting university.
她上学前一直在学钢琴。 5）come across
A. If you across anything you don‘t understand ,go to the teacher . 如果你碰到不懂的问题，去找老师。
B.I came across a friend at the meeting who I hadn‘t seen for years. 会上我碰到一位多年不见的朋友。
6) So having made up her mind.该状语是现在分词的完成式，其动词表示的动作在谓语动词所
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表示的动作之前已经完成；而现在分词的一般式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。 A. Having said good-bye to everyone she got into the train and left.(said在got之前已完成) B. Knowing the news all of us burst into tears of excitement.（两动作同时进行） Make up one‘s mind 下定决心
A. The boy made up his mind to be one of the richest men in the world. 男孩立刻要成为世界上最富有的人之一。
B. He made up his mind after being fired that he would start a company of his own. 被炒鱿鱼之后他决定要自己开公司。 7) keep„„with„„ 随身携带某物
A.I don‘t keep much money with me .我随身没带很多钱。
B She loves the book so much that she keeps it with her at all times. 她非常喜欢那本书，以至随时都带着。 8) Until„与延续性动词搭配
She kept herself awake until her at all times.她一直都没睡到她丈夫回来。 Not... until...与短暂性动词搭配
She didn‘t go to sleep until her came back.她直到她丈夫回来才去睡觉。 9) burst into
突然（情绪）冲动，爆发 后+tears/flames/laughter/blossom/the room分别为哇的一声哭起来\\突然烧起来\\突然大声笑起来\\突然开花\\突然闯进房间,
A .At these words shi bust into tears. 听了这些话她突然大哭了起来 B. the dining hall burst into tears.食堂突然起火了
burst out doing sth 突然(笑.哭.唱(laughing/crying/singing ...) burst through 冲破,拨开
The sun burst through the clouds .shone over the earth. 太阳冲破乌云,阳光普照大地. burst with laughing /anger 捧腹大笑.勃然大怒 burst ones sides with laughing 笑破肚皮 10) by mistake错误地
Being absent-minded ,she put sugar into the dish by mistake. 她心不在焉错把糖放进菜里. 11) on purpose 有意地,故意地,特地
I am sorry if I hurt you ,but I didn't do it on purpose. 如果我伤害了你,我跟你对不起但我不是有意的 12) hear from 接到某人的来信
I haven't heard from my friend for a long time ;I wonder if sth has happened to him. 我很长时间都没有受到朋友的来信了
4. Do Ex's on page48,49 or do the exercises one by one orally, then the teacher correct it if necessary. 5. Homework
1).Review the whole unit
2).Do the exercise on page 49in your exercise book 3).Try your best to do practical writing by yourself.
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Unit4 Movies
Objectives:
1. Enlarge students vocabulary 2. Improve students‘ reading ability
3. Improve students‘ ability of pronunciation 4. Make students know more English grammar
5. Review some old Knowledge of grammar and words Focuses
1. Master the useful words and expressions.
2. Students‘ ability to hold the main meaning of an article. 3. Grammar points
4. Improve students‘ writing ability Outline:t
1. Warm-up discussion; study of words and expressions
2. Text A; discussion of text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Exercises D; Text A exercises C; grammar tips. 4. Discussion of text B and the follow-up exercises 5. Translation exercises; practical writing.
Procedures:
Text A. Walt Disney and his Disney world I. Background information
Walt Disney (1901-1966), American cartoon artist and producer of animated films. He left school at 16 and studied briefly at art schools. In 1923 he began to produce animated motion pictures in Hollywood. His main works include Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Pinocchio.
II. Vocabulary
1. found /faund/ vt. 建立，创办
e.g. He intended to found a school in his hometown. 2. character n. 人物，角色，性格
e.g Which character do you like best in the novel? He has a strong but gentle character.
3. dwarf n. (pl. dwarves /dwarfs/) 矮子，矮人 4. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣
e.g. I will find some amusement during my weekend. amuse v. 使愉快
e.g. His story is amusing.
amused adj.愉快的 amusing adj. 有趣的 e.g. The story is amusing. I was amused at his story.
5. laughter n. 笑，笑声 phs. burst into laughter 笑 e.g. Laughter is good for our health.
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6. alike adj. 同样的，相似的
e.g. The two books are alike in content. Antonym: different 7. favorite adj.
e.g. Pizza is my favorite food. 8. create vt. 创造
e.g. Genesis in the Bible tell how God creates the world. creation n. 创造物
e.g. The world is God‘s creation. creator n. 创作者
creative adj. 有创造能力的 9. complete vt.
10. phs: have fun. 玩的开心，享乐； bring…. to an end 使终结； in real life 在现实生活中
e.g. The boy played with the cat to have fun.
The hardship in life didn‘t bring his dreams to an end. He is a hero on the screen, and also in real life.
III. Language points
1 One of these little mice became his particular friend and gave him the idea for the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse, a clean mouse in a clean world: One of these little mice became his special friend and made him think of creating the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse, who s a lively mouse in a pure and lovely world.. give sb. the idea for sth.: 给某人想法
a clean mouse in a clean world; this is appositive to Mickey Mouse for a further statement and explanation
2 When sound was starting tope used in movies, Disney immediately made his Mickey Mouse talk on the movie screen: Sound was not used in movies until 1926 and Walt Disney was among the first group of filmmakers to use the4 sound technology in his movies. start to do /doing sth.: 开始做某事 make sb. do sth.: 让某人做某事
Synonym: let sb. do sth./have sb. do sth./get sb. to do sht./ ask sb. to do sth.
3 Mickey…has since won the hearts of millions: Since then Mickey has been loved by millions of people/
4 One of Disney‘s favorite dreams was to create a new kind of amusement park--- a place where parents and children could all go and have fun together.
to create a new kind of amusement park: this is an infinitive structure used as the predicative. More examples:
1) The next step is to know what you should do. 2) You are not to speak loudly in the reading room.
IV. Focus on Grammar 一 形容词的用法
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1.作前置或后置定语。
1）由前缀a-构成的形容词作定语要求后置，如afraid, awake, asleep, alive alone, e.g. The man was the only one awake at that time.
2)由no, some, any every 等构成的复合不定代词的形容词后置。如 something important/noting wrong
2.作表语（用于系动词 ）后， I) feel sick.
2)It is possible that he will come. 3.作补语
1) The man was knocked senseless. 2)He died young.
3) The news made him very sad. 4.作状语
1)Large or small, all countries are equal. 2a0Breathless, she rushed into the classroom
3)She tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake her mother. 5.作主语或宾语。
1) Rich and poor meant the same to her. 2)The young shouls respect the old.
二 形容词与副词的比较等级
1． 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级构成规则详见学生用书
2． 表示“完全，特别，极限，处所，方位，时间，状态，性质，材料，国籍，独一无二”等意义的形容词与副词没有比较级与最高级。如：absolute(ly), complete(ly), here ,now there deaf, dead naked ,economic, wooden ,only unique, barely, junior, superior ,etc.
Text B Christopher Reeve
-------超人的扮演者，克里斯托夫. 里夫 I. Vocabulary
1.graduate (from). v. 毕业 &毕业生 graduation. n 毕业 2. role n. 角色，
e.g. He played the role of the old king in the play. Education plays an important role in one‘s career. 3 sequel /si:kwl/ n. 续集
e.g. The sequel to the movie is a great success to. 4. similar adj. 相似的 similarity 。
e.g. 1) Those who have similar interests are more likely t become friends. 2) My opinion is similar to yours.
3) Different cultures have similarities in some respects. Antonym: different / dissimilar 5. physical adj. 身体的
phs. physical examination 身体检查; physical fitness 身体健康 6. foundation n.基金， 基金会；建立，创办；基础，根据
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e.g. 1) The old man stated in his will that he would like to donate all his money to the foundation. 2) The foundation of the company started in the early 1920s. 3) He laid the foundation of his success by hard work.
foundational adj. 基本的，基础的 ~ knowledge 基础知识 7. medical adj. 医学的
e.g. free medical care 公费医疗 a medical examination 医学检查 medicinal adj. 医用的
e.g. medicinal alcohol 医用酒精 medicinal herbs 药草 8. suffer v. 经历不幸，遭受痛苦等
e.g. the army suffered heavy losses in the battle. When is cat died he suffered a lot.
phrase: suffer for , 为……受苦 suffer from 患 ……病， 受……苦 e.g. 1) Sooner or later people suffer for their wrongdoings. 2) She suffers from stomachache. 9. Phrases:
at the age of work as right in time take part in throw off with the help of give up
II. Language points
1. After graduating from Cornell University, he went on with his dream of becoming an actor and appeared in many screen and television roles: After he graduated from Cornell University, he still wanted to realize his dream of becoming an actor and acted in many movies and television plays.
go on with sth.: continue without stopping or changing e.g. We are waiting for you to go on with the story. 2. Till the end of his life, he…
Till can be used both as a preposition and as a conjunction. e.g 1) I will keep the book for you till next Friday. 2) She didn‘t leave till the train had pulled out.
3. And to many more, he will be considered a hero in real life forever. Here the language point is the structure ―consider object+ n./ adj.‖ e.g. He considers himself the most popular person in the class.
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Unit5 Our Earth
Objectives:
1. Enlarge students vocabulary 2. Improve students‘ reading ability
3. Make students know something about scientific essays and writing styles 4. Improve students‘ ability of pronunciation 5. Make students know more English grammar
6. Review some old Knowledge of grammar and words 7. Learn how to write an exposition article Focuses:
1. How to use new words .
2. Students‘ ability to hold the main meaning of an article. 3. Grammar points
4. Improve students‘ ability of pronunciation Outline:
1. Warm-up discussion; study of words and expressions
2. Text A; discussion of text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Exercises D; Text A exercises C; grammar tips. 4. Discussion of text B and the follow-up exercises 5. Translation exercises; practical writing.
Procedures
First periods (1-2)
1、Teacher says something about Tent A, the earth . 2、Read new words in Text A.
3、Teacher explains the new words
4、Teacher Leads students memory new words 5、Students scan Tent A
6、Students do exercises A and B of Text A 7、Teacher explains Text A Second periods (3-4)
1、Read aloud new words in Text B 2、Teacher explains the new words
3、Teacher Leads students memory the new words 4、Students scan Text B
5、Students do exercises A and B of Text B 6、Teacher explains Text B Third periods (5-6) 1、Study Active words
2、Review Grammar Tips–preposition
3、Do exercises: Vocabulary Check A、B、C. 4、Do exercises: Practice to Grammar
5、Do exercises: Comprehensive Exercises A、B、C、D
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6、Study Practical writing: slogan 7、Assign Homework Fourth periods (7-8)
1、Listen to records: Text A and Text B. 2、Practice Listening
3、Have a discussion about the earth
Part 1 Teaching details to Text A 1、Something about our earth
①The earth is the only planet for us earth-men to live now.
②The earth is one of nine planets in sun family. They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in the order of their closeness to the sun.
③On the sun surface of the Earth, there are 7 continents as Asia, Antarctica, South America, North America, Africa, Europe, Oceania and five oceans as the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Artic Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean.
④For many reasons, our earth is getting warmer and warmer, especially recently.
2、Vocabulary in Text A ①build v. building n.
Our teaching building is so high.
builder n.—A person who builds building. ②sail v.
We sailed across the Atlantic in 5 days. Sailor n.—A person who sails. e.g. act-actor , inventor ③Pilot v./n.
She can pilot a plane.
He wants to be a pilot in future. ④include v.
The price of the book includes postage.
He included many funny stories in his speech. Synonym: contain Antonym: include ⑤farmland
e.g. superman hometown ⑥outline n./v.
He drew the outline of a house on the paper.
Teacher Li asked the students to outline his speech. ⑦view n.
The house provides a good view of the sea. Tell us your view on this matter. ⑧true adj.
It’s true that the man is my English teacher. Truly adv.
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He is truly a good boy. Synonym: really ⑨surround vt.
The city is surrounded by a mountain range. A crowd of fans surrounded the star singer. Surrounding n. Social surrounding. ⑩living n./adj.
He made a living as a taxi driver.
The living standards of Chinese people have improved greatly. living & alive, both adj. He is a living man, adj.+n.
He is still alive. be+adj. 做表语 11firstly adv. ○
first adv, adj, n.
Firstly let’s read the new words. Spring is the first season of the year. She is the first arrive. 12warm adj. v. ○
They gave her a warm welcome. She lit a fire to warm herself. Warmth n.
They sat close to the fire for warmth. 13Layer n. ○
There is a layer of dust on the table. 14form v. n. ○
A plan began to form in his mind. Please fill in the registration form. Synonym: shape 15Liquid adj. ○
Synonym: fluid Antonym: solid 16metal n. ○
A metal ring, metal-free adj. 17Spin span /spun, spun v. ○
The wheels are spinning at a high speed. The machine spins the wool into thread. 18move n. ○
We plan to move to the new house next week. I was moved to tears by his heroic deeds. movement n.
The May 4th movement was a great event in Chinese history. 19measure v. n. ○
My mother measured me to see the size for my clothes.
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The new law was in some measure only in the interests of certain people. 20long adj, length n. ○
The street is100 meters in length.
At length we arrived at our destination. 21important adj. ○
Importance n.
This is a matter of great importance. 22Protect vt. ○
Sunglasses protect our eyes from sunshine. Protection n. Protective adj. 23as far as ○
As far as I know
I will help you as far as I can. 24cover v n. ○
The land was covered with snow The cover girl is very lovely. 25center n. ○
Don‘t stand at the center of the road. 26call one‘s attention to ○
The teacher called the students‘ attention to the blackboard.
3、Points in Text A
1The earth is a huge ball covered with water, rock and soil, and surrounded by air. ○
Covered „„ surrounded by air.
Two–ed participial phrases were used as the postponed attributive, indicate passive sense. Vs-ing phrases also can be used as postpone attributive, but indicate active sense. e.g. The man following Teacher Ma into the office is my father.
=The man who/that followed Teacher Ma into the office is my father. The teacher followed by the man into the office is Teacher Ma.
=The teacher who/that was followed by the man into the office is Teacher Ma. 2To call people‘s attention to„„ ,has been named as Earth Day since 1970 ○
To call people‘s attention used As subject. Name„„as/for v.
The boy named his pet mouse (as) Mickey.
She was named as the general manager of the company.
Part 2. Teaching details to Text B 1. Vocabulary: 1mood n. ○
a cheerful mood be in a bad mood be in no mood for sth. be in no mood to sth.
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I am in the mood to go shopping. 2 express v. ○
expression n. expressive adj.
They greeted him with a welcome expression. an expressive smile 3continue v. ○
They continued their discussion. Synonym go on
Continued adj. 不断的 continuous adj. 持续的 continual adj. 频繁的 Continuity n 连贯性 continuation n 继续、持续 The habit continued into adult life. 4environment n. ○
It is urgent to prevent the pollution of the environment. environmental adj. environmental protection 5rid v./n. ○
Mother bought a rat catcher to rid the house of rats.
You‘d better get rid of the bad habit of eating no breakfast. 6industry n. ○
The textile industry.
industrial adj. industrial development. 7waste n. adj ○
Please put the waste paper into the bin. Don‘t argue with him. It is a waste of time. wasteful adj.
The bad habit is wasteful of resource. 8pollute vt. ○
The water from the dye factory polluted the river. Pollution n. air pollution, water pollution
Pollutant n.污染物 adj.污染的 polluter.污染者 9tide n. ○
Time and tide wait for no man.
go against the tide swim against the tide go with the tide swim with the tide 10shore n. ○
On shore ashore adv
The boat was driven ashore by the heavy wind. 11pity n. ○
I feel great pity for the orphans.
It‘s a pity that you didn‘t join us at the party.
Pitiful adj. 令人同情的、可怜的 pitiless adj. 无情的、没有怜悯心的 12breath n. ○
hold one‘s breath 屏住呼吸 catch one‘s breath 歇一口气
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take one‘s breath away 大为惊讶 breathe v.
We like to breathe fresh air. 13quit v. ○
The teacher warned them to quit talking. 14differ vi ○
The twins differ a lot in character difference n.
I can not see any difference between the real painting and the fake one. different adj. 15pause vi. n ○
The teacher paused from time to time to make sure the students could keep up. The coach signaled for a pause in the middle of the match. synonym stop 16stop „from doing ○
It‘s time for us to do something to stop the environment from getting worse 17. wash up ○
The sea washed the boat up to the shore. 18. one by one ○
“Answer my questions one by one,” the teacher said. 19. had better do sth. ○
You‘d better hurry up
You‘d better not tell him the truth. 20. add up to ○
The plane ticket plus hotel accommodation added up to 1000 Yuan.
2、Points in Text B
①. She told us how many companies about how to get rid of„„. how many companies „„ Here is an object clause of told. about how to get rid of„„
It‘s a wh-word+infinitive structure used as the object of the preposition about =how they should get rid of„„
②The man „and thought it was a pity that all the starfish would die „„.
“it was a pity that _____”is an object clause of “thought ”with the introductory word “that”omitted
“that all the starfish would die „„”is a subject clause. ―it‖ used as the formal subject. e.g : it +be+adj+clause
it is great that we can go together it+be+n+clause
It was a pity that all the starfish would die on the beach it+v+ed+clause
It has not been decided where we shall go on vacation
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It+vi. (seem/happen/appear)+clause It seems that it is going to rain
③Tyler smiled all the way home ,thinking of the difference they would make to„
“thinking of „”is a –ing participial phrase to denote an accompanying circumstance “they would make to „”is a relative clause to modify “the difference ”,with the relative pronoun “that / who”omitted.
Part 3、Points to Active words 1. lie 谎言vi ,vt lied ,lied, lying lie 躺下vi lay lain lying lay放、搁、摆、（平） laid laid
synonym :play set put down 2. use v、n use up用完
make use of „„利用 Note :
usde to do „„过去常做
get used to+n 养成习惯做（动态） be used to+n/ving 习惯做„„（静态）
Part 4、Points to Grammar
1、 Preposition for time ① at six, at dinner
in the morning, in two weeks
on Monday ,on the morning of May 1st ② A new film will be put on in I weeks =after(将来式)
She had two car accidents in one week 在„„内（过去式） ③ before, after某个时间点前or后，behind迟于、落后于 ④ The city has changed greatly since 1990与完成时连用，从某一时间 延续到现在or过去 I stayed in the countryside for two years在一段时间，stay的延续性
He has been away from home for 10 years用于完成时，要求延续性动词做谓语 2、 Preposition for place ① at the bus stop (small place) in Chengdu /the city (big place) ② I put the book on the desk book和desk 相接触
His office is over mine (正上方)
The plane is flying above our head(在上面的空中) ③ She was standing under/beneath the tree(垂直关系) There is a note underneath/beneath the book (上下接触) They live below/beneath us (垂直)
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④ in（静止状态） into 进入里面，示动态 ⑤ along 沿着
across 穿过物体表面 through穿过物体里面 ⑥ up 由下而少年宫，从乡下到城市，从南方到此方 down反之
表示静止空间位置不表示具体方向，up=down We walked up /down the road沿着 3、 Preposition for cause or reason
①He trembled for/with fear内在心理原因
②The accident was due to his carelessness 多做表语
Thanks to your help ,I can finish my work on time 幸亏，只做状语 We delayed our trip due to/because of /on account of the bad weather
4、 Preposition for methods
by=by means of 凭、以, with示使用的工具or 手段 Besides Chinese, math, we also study history and English except 除去、不包括
All the students passed the exam except Many 后接内容与主语是同类。 The room did not need repairing except for the broken door
后接内容与主语不同类，往往是主语整体的一个细节，方面but基本用法与except相同 No one attended the meeting but John
They had no choice but to wait 不定式做宾语
We could do nothing but wait 如谓语动词是do ，but后接的不定式不带to
Part 5 Homework
Students write a short article (100-150words) named :Our Class, Our Classroom Our Bedroom ,Our College, Our Hometown ,Our Homeland My Middle School (Anyone as they like to choose )
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Unit6 Part-time Jobs
Objectives:
1. See how a college student got a part-time job; 2. Enlarge your vocabulary of part-time jobs;
3. Learn about the special summer jobs for American students; 4. Study the present indefinite tense;
5. Write an e-mail to describe a summer job. Focuses:
1. Learn about the special summer jobs for American students; 2. Write an e-mail to describe a summer job. Outline:
1. Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B
and C)
2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the
class beforehand) 6. Practical Writing
Procedures:
Classroom Activities
I. Background Information
Part-time jobs are quite popular among college students. According to a survey conducted by the Chinese Young Survey Center in 2005, 33.9% college students took part-time jobs on campus such as librarian assistants, dinning hall cleaners, etc., while the percentage of part-time-job-takers outside campus reached 59.2%, with tutor, deliverer, market researcher, receptionist, typist, promotion seller at the top of the job list.
The reasons for college students to take part-time jobs vary from person to person. Some take part-time jobs because they want to be financially independent; some hope to enrich their work experience so as to prepare themselves for the future job while some others don‘t have a good reason but just need to do something to keep busy. Anyway part-time jobs seem to have become part of college life.
II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. burden n. 负担
e.g. He alone had to carry the heavy burden of supporting a family of five. The burden of hosting the evening party fell upon me alone. vt. 使负重担，使麻烦
e.g. The farmers in this country are burdened with heavy taxation. It is not fair to burden you with this difficult task alone. 2. wander v. 漫步，徘徊
e.g. I saw a boy wandering about; he might lost his money.
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They wandered in the woods at the back of the house. wandering adj. 漫游的，徘徊的 n. 漫游
e.g. a wandering tribe; the wanderings through the desert. 3. candidate n. 候选人，应征者
e.g. He is one of the presidential candidates. Many candidates applied for the position. 4. employ vt. 雇用，使用
e.g. The firm employs the handicapped (残疾人). Phrase: be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事
e.g. The children are employed in unwrapping their Christmas presents. employer n. 雇主
e.g. My employer is a kind man. employee n. 雇员，雇工
e.g. There are 100 employees in his firm. employment n. 雇用，就业
e.g. The graduates are faced with a serious employment situation this year. 5. check v.检查，核对
e.g. Please check the exam paper to make sure you have answered all the questions. Phrase: check in （旅馆、飞机等）登记；报到
e.g. Passengers must check in at the airport an hour before the plane leaves. check out 结账离开
e.g. He checked out of the hotel one hour before I arrived. check over 查看，检查
e.g. The teacher checked over the students‘ papers. 6. reference n. 介绍信，参考
e.g. The teacher gave me a list of reference books. Phrase: make reference(s) to 提到，提及
e.g. The news made reference to the explosion last night. in/ with reference to 关于
e.g. With/ In reference to your offer, I am sorry to tell you we cannot accept it. 7. habit n. 习惯
e.g. It is a bad habit to eat chocolate before going to bed. Phrase: fall into / get into the habit of 养成（染上）某习惯
e.g. He falls into /gets into the bad habit of finding excuses for his mistakes. get out of the habit of 改掉……的坏习惯
e.g. You should get out of the habit of lying; otherwise no one will like you. out of / from habit 出于习惯
e.g. Some people smoke for the pleasure, but others smoke just out of / from habit. habitual adj. 习惯的，惯常的
e.g. a habitual practice习惯做法； a habitual gesture 习惯性手势 8. hunt v. & n. 搜索；打猎
e.g. I hunted high and low for my watch, but it was nowhere to be found. The hunt for the criminal continued throughout the country. hunter n. 猎人
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hunting n. 找寻，搜寻
job-hunting 找工作； house-hunting 找房子 9. lower v. 降低，放低
e.g. Please lower your voice so as not to disturb the others. I wouldn‘t lower myself to speak to such a rude person. 10. be in need of 需要
e.g. This school is in need of more teachers.
The doctor says I an too tired and in need of a good rest. 11. turn away 转身走开
e.g. She turned away when I extended my hand to shake hers. 12. like mad 疯狂地，拼命地
e.g. She ran like mad to catch the moving bus. 13. think to oneself 心中暗想
e.g. How lucky I would be if I were her, I thought to myself.
III. Language Points in Text A
1. Asking my parents for help is not a good idea. The subject of the sentence is an –ing participial phrase. e.g. Saying is much easier than doing.
Liu Xiang‘s winning the race in the Olympic Games excited the whole country.
When an –ing participle is used as the subject, we also can use ―it‖ as the formal subject while putting the real subject at the back. For examples: e.g. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is a waste of time arguing with them.
Note: Both –ing participle and the infinitive structure can be used as the subject, and the difference between them is the former stresses a general situation while the latter always refers to a specific event or action.
e.g. Reading novels is my hobby.
To read this novel is my assignment.
2. Having been refused many times, I finally wandered into a restaurant at 8 p.m.
This sentence contains an –ing participial phrase too, but it is used as the adverbial denoting time, which can be changed into an adverbial clause.
3. But remember whoever is going to be employed must be prepared to work here from 6:00 to 8:00 every evening.
This sentence contains an object clause introduced by the relative pronoun ―whoever‖, which means ―any one who…‖. The similar relative pronouns also include ―whatever, whichever‖, and they can be used to introduce the nominal clause including subject clause, object clause, etc. e.g. Do whatever you are asked to do.
The winner is whichever runs to the end first.
4. That was an ideal time for me though it would take away some of my free time. Take away: 拿走，夺走；使消失，消除（病痛等）；减去 e.g. The flood took away thousands of lives.‘
The holidays should be taken away when you are counting your working days. 5. I should have kept myself clean.
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The structure ―should / ought to have done sth.‖ expresses an unfulfilled obligation in the past.(本应该……)
e.g. I am sorry you caught a cold, but you should / ought to have put on more clothes. Similar, we have the following structures:
may / might have done sth.: to express speculation about a past action or regret for the unfulfillment of a past action. 可能……；本可以……
can / could have done sth.: to express regret at a past action or indicate a possible action in the past 本可以……；可能……
must have done sth.: to express strong probability about a past action. 肯定…… needn‟t have done sth.: to express an unnecessary action. 本没必要…… e.g. She hasn‘t arrived. She may / might have forgotten the appointment. You can / could have got up a few minutes earlier.
Your dance is wonderful; you must have practiced a lot.
We needn‘t have told him the news because he knew it already. 6. But after a tiring day hunting for a job, I did look terrible. Here ―did‖ is an auxiliary verb used for emphasis. e.g. I did write to you last week. She did like you.
7. I promise I will work very hard, sir, if only you could give me this chance.
if only: It can be used to introduce adverbial clause of condition, which means ―要是……就好了；但愿‖. In the clause subjunctive mood is always required. e.g. If only she were here.
If only he would sing us a song at the party.
Please compare ―only if‖ and ―if only‖. Both are for the adverbial clause of condition, but ―only if‖ requires no subjunctive mood and its meaning is ―只要‖. e.g. I will feel happy only if you are sound and healthy.
IV. Focus on Grammar
一般现在时(The Present Indefinite Tense) 一、一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，如主语为第三人称单数，动词形式有变化。基本变化规则是：一般情况下加-s, 以辅音加-y 结尾的词把y改为i, 再加-es, 以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词加-es。如：dance—dances, read—reads, cry—cries, study—studies, do—does, go—goes, miss—misses, coax—coaxes, brush—brushes, touch—touches。但have的第三人称单数形式是has, be动词的第一人称单数、第二人称单数、第三人称单数和复数形式分别为am, are, is, are。 二、一般现在时的主要用法： 1. 表示习惯的、反复发生的动作，常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every等词连用。如： 1) Birds fly south every winter.
2) They always take a walk after supper. 3) She visits her grandma twice a week. 2. 表示普遍真理、客观事实等。如： 1) The earth moves around the sun. 2) Japan lies to the east of China. 3) Practice makes perfect.
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3. 表示现在的状态或特征。如： 1) She likes music.
2) My sister is a teacher.
3) Your plan sounds practical.
4. 在由when, if, after, although, as, as soon as, whether, because, even if, though, until, unless, so long as等引导的表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来时态。如：
1) I will tell you as soon as I get the news. 2) You will not fail if you do your best.
3) I shall stay here until she comes to see me.
V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. charge n. 掌管，负责
e.g. She is in charge of the sales department.
She took charge of the family business after her father died. 2. rescue n. & vt. 援救，营救
e.g. The rescue team arrived at the spot soon after the accident happened. The police finally rescued the kidnapped boy. Phrase: come to one‘s rescue 进行援救
e.g. The people in the neighborhood all come to their rescue and put out the fire. 3. work as 担任某工作，从事某工作
e.g. She works as an accountant in the school. 4. when necessary 在必要时
e.g. You can turn to him for help when necessary. You can go, I will call you when necessary.
5. Summer jobs are quire popular among students in American colleges. be popular among / with sb.: 在……流行、普遍、受欢迎 e.g. Harry Porter is popular among / with young people. Her dressing style is popular among girls of her age.
6. Long before the end of the school year, students began their hunt for a job during the summer vacation: The students began to look for a summer job long before the school year ends. 7. ...he and his five-man team walk around the mountains to see if anything unusual is happening.
his five-man team: his team made of five men
Please note in the structure the noun is in its singular form and there is a hyphen the number and the noun. More examples: A four-week holiday A three-year-old child
A six-thousand-word article
VI. Focus on Practical Writing
在当前的信息时代电子邮件因其快捷、方便、经济的特点正日益取代传统的书信成为人们联络与交流的重要工具，它的格式相较普通信函更为简单，主要包括：收信人的电子邮箱地址、信件主题、称谓、正文、结束语和署名。如需发送较长的文本、声音文件等也可以通过添加
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附件进行。因为发信日期和发信人的邮箱地址将自动显现在收信人的邮箱里，所以不必在信中另外写明。
写电子邮件时对格式要求不高，如正文可以直接跟在称谓后面不需要换行，结束语和署名也可以连在一起，但如果电子邮件属公务性质，仍需注意格式方面的规范性（可参考普通信函的格式要求）。
写电子邮件时还需注意内容表达要清楚，不能含糊不清；措辞也应根据不同对象而变化，如正式的电子邮件措辞应比较书面化一点，而熟人、朋友之间的电子邮件往来可以随便一点。 Two sample writings for the writing task in this unit: (in page132, textbook)
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Unit7 Health
Objectives:
1. Get to know the truth about some fitness myths; 2. Enlarge your vocabulary of fitness exercises; 3. Find out the benefit of walking for health; 4. Study the past indefinite tense;
5. Make a weekly plan for physical exercise. Focuses:
1. The usage of words and expressions 2. Grammar: the past indefinite tense
3. Writing a plan: how to write a plan; practice writing a plan
Outline:
1.Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (Band C) 2.Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3.Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4.Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5.Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the class beforehand)
6.Practical Writing
Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up Discussion
Question 1:Is there anyone you know who plan to lose weight? How do they plan to do it?
Hint:The common practices for losing weight are :1)going on a diet, especially eating less meat and rice;2)doing physical exercises,such as jogging,swimming,etc;3)joining health clubs where physical activities such as yoga,slimming exercises and aerobic dancing are taught;4)using dietary products.
II. Vocabulary in Text A
1. crazy/kreizi/ adj. 着迷；疯狂
e.g. (1)He is a football fan; he is crazy about the World cup.他是个足球迷，对世界杯非常痴迷 (2)Don‘t be so crazy driving the car so fast!不要像疯了似地把车开这么快。 Phrase: like crazy 极度地，拼命地，疯狂地
e.g. He ran out of the door like crazy,but none of us had the least idea of what had happened to
him.他疯了似地跑出了门，但我们没有一个人知道到底发生了什么事。 Phrase: go crazy陷入疯狂，变得疯狂
e.g. Stop talking about the exams. I will go crazy.不要再谈考试了，我会疯的。 2. truth n. 真理，
e.g. (1)Do you believe the truth is held ty the minority.你相信真理是掌握在少数人的手里吗 (2)I am afraid of telling her the truth that her son has been killed in the accident. 我不敢吧儿子死于车祸的告诉她。
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true adj. 真实的，真正的
e.g. Is it true that we will have an exam tomorrow?我们明天要考试，是真的吗？ Phrase:to tell the truth说实话
e.g.To tell the truth,I don‘t like what you are saying.说实话，我不喜欢你所说的。 Antonym:Falsehood
3. fitness n. 健身，健康，适合
e.g. (1)She is a member of fitness center.她是健身中心的会员。
(2)Is there any secret to your fitness?你身体这么健康，有什么秘诀么？
(3)Are you questioning his fitness for the job/to do the job?你对他能否胜任这项工作表示怀疑么？
Synomym:Health
Fit adj （尤指经过锻炼后）健康的，结实地；适当的
e.g. (1)They do morning exercises every day to keep fit.他们每天晨练以保持身体健康。 (2)He is the only one that is fit for the job.他是唯一适合这份工作的人。 4. myth n 神话；迷信；虚构的故事
e.g. (1)I like reading myths of ancient China.我喜欢读中国古代的神话故事。
(2)It is a myth that eating less helps to lose weight.少食有助于减肥是无稽之谈。 Synomym:legend/fairy tale/fiction Mythical adj 神话的，虚构的
e.g. a mythical story 神话故事，虚构的故事 5. intention n打算，意图
e.g. (1)I have no intention of finding a job right after graduation.我不打算以毕业就工作。 (2)She came to me with the intention of asking me to write her a reference. 她来找我，想让我帮她写封介绍信。 intend v.想要，打算
e.g. (1)We intend to have a spring outing next weekend.我们打算下周末组织一次春游。
(2)Don‘t intend to lie to me; I can tell from your facial expression whether you are telling the truth or not.别想对我撒谎，从你脸上的表情我就可以知道你有没有说实话。 Synonym:purpose/aim/goal 6. method n. 方法
e.g. (1)I have tried every method I can think of, but none helps to solve the problem. 我已经试了我能想出来的所有的办法，但都解决不了问题。
(2)The new teaching method is welcomed by the students.新的教学方法受到了学生的欢迎。 Synonym:way/means 7. weight n. 重量，体重
e.g.(1) Can you believe that some people have a weight of 200 kilograms? 你相信有人重200公斤吗？
(2)The weight is too much for a little girl like her lift.
对于像她这样一个小女孩来说，要拎起这么重的东西不容易。 Phrase:lose weight减肥
Gain/put on weight增加体重 Carry weight重要，有影响
e.g. His opinon carry much weight among his colleagues.他的意见在同事中很有影响。 attach weight to sth 重视
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e.g. Please learn to attach no weight to rumors;otherwise you will never live a quiet life. 请学会无视谣言，要不你的生活将永远不可能平静。 Weigh v. 有---重；称----重量
e.g. I weighed the apples with my hand and felt they weighed less than two kilograms. 我用手掂了掂苹果的重量，觉得不到两公斤。 8. unfortunately adv 不幸地
e.g. Unfortuantely it rained and we had to cancel our picnic plan. 可惜下雨了，我们不得不取消野餐计划。 Unfortunate adj. 不幸的，倒霉的
e.g. I was unfortunate to be caught in the rain on my way home.我回家路上赶上下雨，真倒霉。 Antonym:fortunately/lickily 9. amount n. 数量
e.g. (1)The amount of petroleum used every year is amazing.每年消耗的石油量大得惊人。
(2)She spends large amounts of money on books every month.每月她都花很多钱买书。 vi.(to)总计，等于
e.g.(1)The students enrolled this year amount to 1000.每年招生人数为一千人。
(2)Your words amount to a refusal.你的话等于回绝。 Number&amount:
Amount, when used as a noun, is always used with uncountable nouns while number is used with the plurals of countable nouns.For example: a large amount of time; anumber of students. 10. healthily adv 健康地 Healthy adj健康的
e.g. healthy skin健康的肤色 healthy surroundings健康的环境 health n健康
e.g.Most people don‘t realized the importance of health until they lose it. 大多数人等到失去健康才意识到健康的重要性。 11. balance n平衡
e.g. (1)A good sense of balance is required of the acrobats.杂技演员要有良好的平衡感。 (2)He lost his balance and fell over.他失去平衡，跌倒了。 v.使保持平衡，使平稳
e.g. (1)You must learn to balance (yourself) when you ride a bicycle.
骑自行车必须得学会保持平衡。
(2)I don‘t know what is wrong,but the account doesn‘t balance.
我不知道哪儿有问题，但账上就是收支不平衡。
12.aerobic adj. 有氧的，有氧健身的
e.g. Jogging is a kind of aerobic exercise. 慢跑是一种有氧健身运动。 Aerobically adv. 有氧地，需氧地 13. extra adj.& adv. 额外的（地），多余的（地）
e.g. (1) The employees were forced to work extra hours with no extra pay.
雇员们被迫无偿地额外工作。
(2) We need extra help to finish the task. 我们需要额外的帮助来完成这项任务。 (3) I will work extra hard to live up to your expectations of me.
我会更努力地工作，不辜负你对我的期望。
14. muscle n.肌肉
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e.g. When you move your arms, you are exercising your arm muscles. 你动手臂时运动了手臂肌肉。 Muscular adj.肌肉的，强健的
e.g. a muscular build强健的体格; muscular arms肌肉发达的臂膀 15. effective adj. 有效的
e.g.(1) Family planning is an effective policy to stop rapid population growth.
计划生育是控制人口过快增长的有效。
(2) We should take effective measures to prevetn the enviroment from being poluted any
further.我们必须采取有效措施以防止环境继续被污染。
Antonym:ineffective adj. 无效的 Effect n. 结果，效果
e.g. The medicine had an immediate effect on the pain. 那药立马止痛。 16. dense ad. 密集的，稠密的；（烟、雾等）浓厚的 e.g. dense fog 浓雾; a dense population稠密的人口 density n.浓密，稠密，密度，浓度
e.g. population density人口密度；the density of gas 气体的密度 Antonym: spare/thin 17. replace v. 取代，替换
e.g. (1)If the pen dosen‘t work, you can replace it with a ballpoint pen.
如果钢笔不好用，你可以换支圆珠笔。
(2)Nothing in the world can replace the love and care of a mother.
世界上没有东西能够取代一个母亲的关爱。
replacement n. 代替，替换；代替者，替换物
e.g. (1)Natural gas is a natural replacement for petrol.天然气是石油的天然代替品。 (2)These worn tires are badly in need of replacement.这些破轮胎该换了。 18. miracle n. 奇迹，奇事
e.g.(1)The pyramid is a miracle of architecture.金字塔是建筑上的奇迹。 (2)It is realy a miracle that he survived the earthquake.
他在地震中存活了下来，真是个奇迹。 Miraculous adj.奇迹的，不可思议的
e.g. a miraculous escapea奇迹般的逃生; miraculous recovery奇迹般的康复 19. diet n.保健食谱；膳食 v.节食；吃限定食物
e.g. (1)She is going on a diet to lose weight.她正在节食减肥。 (2)A balanced diet and regular exercise help to keep fit.
.均衡膳食和规律的运动有助于健康。
(3) Diabetes patients should diet strictly.糖尿病人应严格按规定进食。 dietary adj.饮食的，规定饮食的
e.g. dietary rules饮食规则；dietary customs饮食习俗 20. ad n. 广告= advertisement
e.g. classified advertisement分类广告; commercial advertisement商业广告 advertise v. 做广告，登广告
e.g. (1)TV is the most effective means of advertising.电视是最有效的广告途径。 (2)If you want to sell your house, you can advertise it in the newspaper. 如果你想卖房，你可以在报纸上登广告。
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21.solution n.解决办法
e.g.(1)This is the only solution to the problem.这是解决问题的惟一办法。 (2)He finally came up with a solution.他最后想到了解决办法。 Synonym:answer Solve v.解决，解答
e.g.(1) Sherlock holmes solved many complicate cases.福尔摩斯破了很多复杂的案子。 (2)I can not solve the problem. Can you help me?我解决不了这个问题，你能帮我一下吗？ 22. product n. 产品，产物
e.g.(1)Textile products are among China‘s main export.纺织品是中国的主要出口产品之一。 (2)The rising house prices are the product of the market.居高不小的房价是市场的产物。 Produce vt.生产，制造；引起，招致；创作
e.g.(1)The automobile company produces 300 cars a week.
这家汽车公司每周生产三百辆汽车。
(2)Shakespeare produced about 37 plays during his life. 莎士比亚一生创作了约三十七部戏剧。
23. lifestyle n.生活方式
e.g.(1)The villagers live a simple and plain life and their lifestyle has remained unchanged for
thousands of years.村民们过着一种简朴的生活，他们的生活方式已延续了几千年。 (2)The economic development in China has resulted in a remarkble change in its people‘s
life.中国的经济发展使得中国人的生活方式发生了显著地变化。 24. pass around传开，传送
e.g. The teacher is passing around the handouts.老师正在分发讲义。 25. in fact事实上，实际上
e.g.(1)In fact he is a liar;don‘t believe him.事实上他在说谎，别相信他。 (2)I thought she would come back tomorrow,but in fact she returned today.
我以为她明天回来，可事实上她今天就回来了。 26. lose weight减少体重
e.g.(1)She thinks she is too fat and has decided to lose weight.她觉得自己太胖了，决定减肥。 (2)It is not easy to lose weight.减肥不容易。 27. take in吸收；接受
e.g. (1)The root helps the tree take in water from the soil.树根帮助树从土中获得水分。 (2)I can‘t take in what you have said.我不理解你刚才所说的话。 28. pay attention to 注重，重视
e.g. (1) Please pay attention to the car in front of you; don‘t bump into it.
注意你前面的车，别撞上去。
(2)You should pay more attention to your studies;you have lagged far behind your classmates.你得多花点心思在学习上，你已经远远落后于你的同学了。 29. be sure to 一定要（做某事）
e.g. (1)Be sure to take good care of yourself.你一定要好好照顾自己。
(2)We are sure to benefit from the story.我们一定能从这个故事中获益。 30. a good balance of（某事物的）良好平衡
e.g. (1)Career women need to make a good balance of their job and family. 职业妇女需要在哦功能工作与家庭之间达到一个良好平衡。
(2)He makes a good balance of work and entertainment.他的工作与娱乐达成了良好平衡。
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31.burn off燃烧掉，蒸发
e.g.(1)The gas can be burnt off completely.这种气体可以完全燃烧。 (2)The farmers are burning off the weeds.农民们在烧杂草。 32. gain weight 增加体重
e.g. (1)She gained weight during the winter vacation.她寒假里胖了。
(2)If you keep eating those high-calory foods,you will soon gain weight.
你要再不停吃那些高热量的食物，很快就会发胖。
33. take up占据，占有
e.g.(1)The baby takes up most of her time.婴儿占据了她绝大部分的时间。 (2)Can you believe that her books take up half of her room?
你相信她的书占据了她的半个房间吗？ 34. live up to做到，实现
e.g. (1)The United Nations tries to live up to the principles and goals stated in its Charter.
联合国力图贯彻其宪章中制订的原则和目标。
(2)I was disappointed because the film didn‘t live up to my expectations. 电影不符合我的期望，我很失望。
35. waste…on 在（某人或事上）浪费（时间或金钱）
e.g.(1) Don‘t waste your time on computer games.别把时间浪费在电脑游戏上。 (2) Don‘t waste your money on a gift. We will just be happy for you to come.
别浪费钱买礼物，你能来我们就很开心了。
III. Language Points in Text A
1. Over the years,directions like “eat less to lose weight”have been passed around as good advice:During the past years,such saying as―eat less to lose weight‖ have been regarded as good advice and have been spread widely.
2. Unfortunately, many people want to lose weight so badly that they will believe any advice---good or bad: Unlucily many people are so eager to lose weight that they will follow any advice whether it is good or bad.
So--- that---: used to introduce adverbial clause of result, meaning―如此---以致于---‖， The sentence patterns can be ―so+adj/adv+that ‖, ―so+adj+n+that‖,etc. For example: 1)She was so excited that she didn‘t know what to say.她兴奋得都不知说什么好。
2)He spoke so quickly that I didn‘t understand him at all.他说话太快，以致我一点都没听懂。 3)He is so honest a man that he never tells lies. 他是一个诚实的人，从来不说谎。 4)There were so many thing to do that he had no time even for a cup of coffee. 他有这么多事要忙，都没时间喝咖啡。
3. Many people only focus on the amount of food they take in: Many people only care about how much food they eat.
Focus on: to direct one‘s attetion to(集中注意力------). For example:
1)Please focus on your reading : this is none of your business.你集中精力看书，这不关你的事。 2)Today we are going to focus on enviromental polution.今天我们主要讨论环境污染问题。 It is also possible for us to say‖focus sth on------‖, e.g.
1)Please focuse on your eyes on your own paper; otherwise it will be counted as cheating. 请只看自己的卷子，否则就算作弊。
2)I was so worried about her that I couldn‘t focus my attention on my work. 我很担心她，都无心工作。
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4. They don‟t pay attention to what they „re eating:They don‘t mind what they are eating.
Pay attention to : to be mindful(注意). It is noticeable that‖to‖in this phrase is a preposition and it requires nouns or elements of its kind to follow it. In the sentence its object is a clause introduced by ―what‖. More examples:
1)You should pay attention to your manners in public.在公众场合你得注意自己的举止。 2)The students paid great attention to what the lecturer told them. 学生们认真听演讲人的讲话。
5. Be sure to eat a good balance of different foods,including vegetables,fruits,meat,milk,and bread or rice:Make sure that you eat a good combination of different foods such as vegetables,fruits, meat mike and bread or rice.
6. What you eat is as important as how much you eat: What you eat is important, and how much you eat is equally important.
This is an adverbial clause of comparison introduced by ―as---as---‖to indicated the same degree, which can be translated into ―如---一样---‖, More examples: 1)She is as tall as her father.她和她父亲一样高。
2)He did the job as well as we.他的工作完成得跟我们一样出色。
7.But that alone dosen‟t help you get and keep fit: But if you do that only, you will not lose weight.
alone: only(仅仅) More examples:
1)Time alone will tell what kind of person I am.只有时间才能说明我是个什么样的人。 2)I have saved some money, but that alone is not enough for a trip to beijing. 我存了些钱，但仅这些还不够去北京一趟。
8.Muscle is denser than fat, so the same amount weights more: Because the density of muscle is higher than that of fat, muscle is heavier than fat for the same amount.
Than:the conjunction for the adverbial clause of comparison. Different from‖as---as---‖for the comparison of the same degree, ―than‖ indicates a comparative degree and accordingly requires the comparative degree of the adjective or adverb concerned, More exaples:
e.g.1)The baby is growing faster than I expected.那个婴孩长的比我预期的快。 2)She is more hard-working than her collegues.她工作比她的同事努力。
9.These ads promise a miracle solution for losing weight: These ads tell positively that the diets will help to lose weight very effectively. Promise: vt. 允诺，答应 n.答应，许诺
e.g.1)I‘ve promised that I will write to you, and I will keep my promise. 只有时间才能说明我是个什么样的人。
2)don‘t promise to do things you are not sure of. 对自己没把握做到的事情别轻易做出承诺。
10.Make your healthy lifestyle last for a whole lifetime, not just for a short while: You should maintain your good way of life for a whole lifetime, not a short period. last: v. 维持，维续:
e.g.1)China‘s anti-Japanese War lasted for eight years.中国抗日战争持续了八年。 2)The sunny days will not last long; it is reported to rain next week. 晴好的日子不会持续很久，预报说下周就要下雨了。
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IV. Focus on Grammar
一般过去时(The Past Indefinite Tense) 一、一般过去时的构成：
动词的过去式构成规则详见学生用书 二、一般过去时的主要用法：
1. 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： 1) I came to Nanjing last year. 2) The train left ten minutes ago.
3) The people‘s republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949. 2. 表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。如： 1)We would not leave until we saw him.
2)She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day. 3. 表示过去的习惯动作。如： 1) My father smoked ten years ago.
2) When I was at school, I read a lot of books in my spare time. 3) We did morning exercises when we were students.
4. 表示婉转口气，此类用法的动词为hope,want,wonder,think,intend等。如：
1) I wondered if you could lend me the book.=I wonder if you can lend me the book(前者更婉转) 2) I thought she would come to see us tonight.=I think she will come to see us tonight. 3) Did you want me to come?=Do you want me to come?
5. 表示虚拟语气，一般过去时的这种用法限于某些特定句型，如： 1）It is high time that we started. 2）I wish I could fly.
3）Hw behaves as if he were grown –up.
4）The spring outing would be put off if it rained tomorrow. V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. expert n&adj. 专家，行家的
e.g. (1)A good many scholars and experts from all over the world attended the conference. 来自世界各地的众多学者和专家出席了本次会议。
(2)She is an expert in/at/on teaching ./She is an expert teacher.她是个教学专家
(3)With the teacher‘s patient instruction, the children become expert in/ at making paper planes.在老师的耐心指导下，孩子们能很熟练地折纸飞机了。 2. natural adj. 自然的，自然界的
e.g.(1) Man seems to be helpless in the face of natural disasters.面对自然灾害人类似乎为力 (2)I like her natural way of acting in the film.我喜欢她在电影中自然的表演。 Nature: n.自然，自然界，性格，性质，特性
e.g. (1)Man should live in harmony with nature.人类应该同自然和睦相处。 (2)He has a happy nature; that‘why so many people like him.
他天性快乐，这就是那么多人喜欢他的原因。 3. Strengthen v. 加强，巩固
e.g. (1)The current visit has helped to strengthen the friendly relations between the two countries. 此次访问有助于巩固两国的友好关系。
(2)The strom strenghtened during the night.晚上暴风雨加剧了。 Antonym:weeken
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4. Pressure n. 压，压力
e.g. (1)Pressure sometimes can be stimulating.压力有时可以是动力。 (2)Don‘t put too much pressure on yourself; it ‗s not your fault.
别给自己太大压力，这不是你的错。 Phrase: under pressure被迫，在强制下
e.g.The government is under pressure to change the law.面临修改法律的压力。 5. bone n.骨
e.g. fish bones鱼骨; all skin and bone极瘦的，皮包骨的。 6. joint n关节
e.g.(1)Because of the violent movement his arm was out of joint.因为运动过猛他的胳膊脱臼了 (2)His finger joints are not flexible.他的指关节不灵活。 7. active adj.积极的
e.g.(1)We should develop an active attitude towards work, whatever it is.不管是什么工作我们都要有积极的态度。
(2)He is quite active in classroom activities.他上课很积极。 actively adv.积极的
Antonym:inactive adj.消极的 8. improve v.改善，改进
e.g.(1)With the teacher‘s help my English has improved a lot.
在老师的帮助下，我的英语有了很大的进步。
(2)The government will have to improve its image if it wants to win support from the public. 如果想要取得公众的支持，就必须改善自己的形象。 Improvement n.改善，改进
e.g.(1)There has been a great improvement in people‘s living standard due to the economic development.经济发展使得人民的生活水平有了巨大改善。
(2)Much improvement has been made in urban construction.城市建设有了很大的改善。 9. equipment n.装备，设备，器材
e.g.(1)The factory has introduced a set of new equipment to increase production. 厂里引进了一套新设备以提高质量。
(2)Mountaineers need special equipment to ensure their safety. 登山队员需要装备专门的装备以保障安全。 Equip vt. 装备，配备
e.g. (1)The classroom is equipped with multi-media facilities.教室里配备了多媒体设施。 (2)We equip our children with a good educaiton.我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。 10. footstep n.脚步，脚步声
e.g.(1)I heard footsteps from upstairs.我听到楼上有脚步声。
(2)Their footsteps were clearly marked in the sands.沙滩上清楚可见他们的脚印。 Phrase:follow in the footsteps of步某人的后尘，继承某人的事业。
e.g. We should follow in the footsteps of our predecessors and continue with the cause of China‘s reunification.我们要继承先人的事业，继续完成祖国的统一大业。 11. straight adj.直的，平直的 adv.直，直接，一直 e.g.(1)straight hair直发; a straight road一条直路
(2)She went straight home from the airport.她从机场直接回家。 (3)Please get straight to the point; I have a meeting in ten minutes.
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请直接说重点，我十分钟后要开会。 Straighten v.弄直，使变直
e.g.(1)The road straightens out after the bend.拐弯后路就变直了。
(2)She had her hair straightened for a new image.她改变形象把头发弄直了。 12. bend v. 弯曲n.弯曲处，弯曲
e.g.The old lady bent down with difficulty to pick up the bag.老太太艰难地弯下身子拾起包。 Be careful with your driving. There are quite a few bends in the road. 小心开车，这路上拐弯的地方比较多。 Phrase:bend one‘s mind to sth专心致志于------
e.g. He bent his mind to his homework.他专心地做作业。 13. elbow n.肘vt用肘推
e.g.(1)There is a hole in the elbow of his shirt.他衬衫肘部有个洞。 (2)I tried to stop him, but he elbowed me out of the way. 我想拦住他，但他用胳膊肘吧我挡开了。
(3)We had to elbow our way through the crowd.我们不得不挤进人群。 14. swing v.摇摆，摆动
e.g. (1)The colorful banners were swinging in the wind.彩旗在风中摇摆 (2)The girl swung her body to the music.那个女孩随着音乐扭动身体。 n.摆动，摇摆，挥动
e.g.The regular swing of the pendulum made me feel dizzy.钟摆的规律摆动让我觉得头昏。 15. experiment n. 实验，试验
e.g.(1)Scientists test our theories by experiment科学家靠实验检验理论
(2)The students were doing a chemical experiment in the lab.学生们在实验室里做化学实验。 v.进行实验，做试验
e.g.(1)The scientists experimented on rats to test the drug.科学家们用老鼠做实验测试药剂。 (2)It is suggested that teachers experiment with new teaching methods using multimedia facilities.建议教师使用多媒体设备实验新的教学方法。 Experimental adj.实验性的，实验的 e.g.(1)an experimental farm试验农场
(2)The result is experimental and need to be tested in practice.结果是实验性质的，需要在实践中得到验证。
16. describe vt.描写，记述，形容
e.g.(1) Can you describe your trip to Xinjiang to me?你能描述一下你的之旅吗？ (2)The police asked me to describe the robber.让我描述一下抢劫犯的样子。 (3)She hates to be described as a tomboy.她不喜欢被形容成一个假小子。 Description n.描述，描写
e.g.(1)The author gives vivid descriptions of his childhood in the book. 作者在书中生动地描绘了他的童年。
(2)What I am feeling now is beyond description.我现在的感觉难以描述。 17. level n.水平，等级
e.g.(1)The mountain is about 3,000 meters above sea level.这座山海拔三千米。 (2)He is not tall, only up to my eye level, but he is quite strong.
他个子不高，就到我眼睛，但很健壮。 18. tension n.紧张，压力
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e.g.(1)Please keep away from the high-tension wires. It‘s dangerous.请别靠近高压线，危险！ (2)One is likely to make mistakes under great tension.人紧张时往往容易出错。 (3)International tension has been relaxed.国际紧张局势已得到缓解。 19. worry n.焦虑，担心（不可数名词）；令人担忧的事（可数）
e.g.(1)I can see her worry from her face.从她的脸上我可以看出她的焦虑之情。
(2)It is a worry to me that the child is at home alone.小孩一个人在家真让我方心不下。 v.使担心
e.g.(1)Don‘t worry about me; I can take good care of myself.别但心我，我会照顾好自己。 (2)His poor exam results worried his parents.他糟糕的考试成绩让他父母很担心。 Worried adj.担心的，焦虑的。
e.g.(1)There is a worried look on her face.她满脸愁容。
(2)We are worried that gas prices will go up again. 我们担心煤气又要涨价了。 Worrisome adj.使人烦恼或焦虑的。
e.g. It is worrisome that he hasn‘t arrived yet.他还没到，真让人担心。 20. course n.过程，进程，课程
e.g. (1)Every one takes the course of life from the cradle to the grave. 每个人都会经历从生到死的生命历程。
(2)There was a ten-minute break in the course of the discussion. 讨论期间有十分钟休息。
(3)The school offers a large number of optional courses to develop student‘s wide interest. 学校开设了大量选修课以培养学生广泛的兴趣爱好。 Phrase: of course自然，当然
e.g.(1)Of course you can give us your opinions.当然，你可以告诉我们拟的意见。 (2)Of course we will make preparations ahead of time.当然我们会事先做准备的。 21. by bus/train//car乘坐公交车、火车、小汽车
e.g.(1)It takes half an hour to get there by car.开车过去要半个小时。
(2)she goes to work on foot instead of by bus.她不坐公交车而是走路上班。 22. what‘ more 此外，另外
e.g.(1)he is not good at the coureses; what‘s more,he is not serious about them. 他这些课程学得不好，另外，他的态度也不认真。
(2)I decide to stay at home. I am a little tired and what‘s more, I don‘t like dances. 我决定留在家里，以来我有点累，二来我不喜欢跳舞。 23. go on/for a walk走路，散步
e.g.(1)It is a good exercise to go on a walk after dinner.晚饭后走路时一种较好的健身方法。 (2)Would you like to go on for a walk?你想不想去散步？ 24. in many ways在许多方面
e.g.(1)Karen is better than me in many ways.凯伦在许多方面比我优秀。
(2)Our work needs improvement in many ways.我们的工作还有许多方面需要改进。 25. from time to time时不时，时常
e.g.(1)He coughed from time to time as if he had a bad cold. 他不时地咳嗽，好像得重感冒。
(2) If you come across a word from time to time, you are likely to remember it. 如果你时常碰到同一个单词，就可能会记住它。 Language Points
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1. They call it the world‟s most natural exercises: They say it is the world‘s most natural exercise.
Call+object+n./adj.: to say or consider that someone /something is--- e.g.(1)Everyone called him a coward.大家都称他是胆小鬼。
(2)I was called stupid since childhood.从小别人就认为我是笨蛋。
2. In fitness walking , it is important to remember that your footsteps should fall almost in a straight line: In fitness walking, it is important to remember that you should walk straight.
3. Walking is not only good for your body but also for your mood: Walking is good for both your body and your state of mind.
Not only—but also---: This structure is used to indicate a further statement‖不仅---而且---‖. More examples:
1)He is not only my teacher, but also my friend.他不仅是我的老师，也是我的朋友。 2)You should be able to not only read the text fluently, but also recite it. 你不仅要能流利地朗读课文，而且要能背诵。
4. When the students returned, they reported feeling less tired and more full of energy: When the students came back, they reported that they felt tired and more energetic.
VI. Focus on Practical Writing
计划是人们为了更合理有效地进行某项工作或活动所作的规则，一般由两部分组成：时间、钱数+安排内容。计划属非正式文体，一般不要求用完整的句子表达，简单的词汇和短语即可，贵在简洁直观。
One sample writing for the writing task in this unit: Mon.---Morning jogging
Tues.---playing volleyball in the afternoon Wed.---morning jogging
Thu.---playing badminton with classmates in the afternoon Fri.---morning jogging
Sat.---climbing Purple Mouttain Sun---rest
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Unit8 Famous People
Objectives:
1. Get to know the life of a famous cartoonist;
2. Enlarge your vocabulary for important professions; 3. read the story of a brave teenage girl; 4. Study the use of the continuous tense;
5. write a diary entry for a certain day in you life.. Focuses:
1. The usage of words and expressions
2. Grammar: the present and past continuous tense 3. Writing a plan: how to write a diary entity
Outline:
1.Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (Band C) 2.Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3.Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4.Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5.Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the class beforehand)
6.Practical Writing
Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up Discussion
Question 1:Do you know anything about Charles Schultz? Hint:1)nickname: Sparky;
2)bithday and birthplace:Nov.26,1992; Minneapolis, Minnesota; 3)career: cartoonist;
4)main achievement:Peanuts, the world-famous comic strip about a boy named Charlie Brown and his pet dog Snoopy.
Question 2:What qualities do you think a successful man should have and what is the most important one in your opinion?
Have the students air their opinion freely, list the students‘ answers on the blackboard and have them vote for the one they think is the most important.
Hint:A number of qualities are decisive to a man‘s success, including confidence, competence,diligence,perserance,strong will ,talent, opportunity,etc. and the most important one may be perserverance. If one has a strong will and adheres to his dream, a constant loser can turn out to be successful like Charles Schultz. II. Vocabulary in Text A
1. famous adj. 出名的，著名的
e.g. (1)Beijing is a city famous for its historic sites.北京因为有着众多的历史古迹而闻名。 (2)The famous film star was active in charity activities.那位著名影星热衷于慈善活动。
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fame n. 名声，名望
e.g. The writer won overnight fame with her first novel. 那位作者第一部小说一问世，便令她一举成名。 Synonym: renowned/well-known/celebrated 2. flunk vt 考试不及格
e.g. (1)No one flunked the exam, which pleased the teacher.
考试没有人不及格，这让老师很高兴。
(2)Father was disappointed because I flunked English in the final exam.
因为我期末考试英语没及格，所以父亲很失望。 Phrase: flunk out(因为考试不及格)退学
e.g. He once flunked out of shool but now he has become the CEO of an international company.他以前曾因考试不及格而被勒令退学，但现在他成为了一家公司的总裁。 3. physics n. 物理学
e.g.applied physics应用物理学; nuclear physics核物理学 physical adj 自然的，物理的
e.g. An object‘s expansion when being heated is a physical change.物体预热膨胀是物理变化。 4. manage v.设法做到，努力完成
e.g. (1)The mother knows how to manage her baby when he cries.妈妈知道婴儿哭时怎么应付
(2)Do you want me to help with your luggage? No, thanks, I can manage. 要我帮你拿行李吗？不用，谢谢，我自己能行。 phrase:manage to do sth努力实现某事，设法做到某事
e.g. (1)The government should manage to provide job opportunities for the laid-off.
应尽量为下岗工人提供就业机会。
(2)I finally mangaged to get to the airport just before the passengers boarded the plane. 我终于赶在乘客登机前赶到机场。 5. golf n高尔夫球
e.g. golf course/links高尔夫球场 6. awkward adj. 笨拙的
e.g. (1)We were all amused by his awkward way of using the chopsticks.. 他用筷子的笨拙劲把我们都给都笑了。
(2)He is rather awkward with his hands.他的手很不灵活。 Awkwardness n.笨拙 Synonym:clumsy
7. socially adv. 在社交方面，全社会地
e.g.(1) Learning how to shake hands is socially important. 学习握手的礼仪是很重要的社交环节。
(2)It used to be a socially accepted ides that women are inferior to men. 认为女不如男曾经是全社会都普遍接受的一种观点。 Social adj. 社会的，社交的
e.g. Correct ideas come from social practice.社会实践出真知。 8. loser n. 失败者，输者
e.g. (1)He couldn‘t admit that he was the loser. 他不能接受他输了的现实。
(2)Losers are always in the wrong.胜者为王，败者为寇。（谚语）
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lose v. 输掉，失败
e.g. Out of practice, we lose the game.由于缺乏锻炼，我们输掉了比赛。 9. ordinariness n. 普通，平凡
e.g. Greatness exists in ordinaries. 伟大寓于平凡之中。 Ordinary adj.平常的，普通的，平凡的
e.g. (1)She has an ordinary appearance but a golden heart.她有着平凡的外表，金子般的心灵。
(2)A wise man can enjoy fun from ordinary life.智者能从平凡的生活中挖掘快乐。 10. artwork n. 艺术品，美术品
e.g..The exhibition displays hundreds of precious artwork from ancient times.. 展览展出了数百件古代的艺术珍品。 11. appreciate vt.赏识，鉴赏；感激 vi.升值
e.g. (1)His boss appreciated his abilities and made him assistant general of the company.
老板很赏识他的能力，提拔他当了公司的副总经理。 (2)He appreciates good wine.他懂得鉴赏优质的葡萄酒。
. (3)I appreciate your help so much. 我非常感激你的帮助。
(4)The value of the house we bought last year has appreciate by 20%. 我们去年买的房子已经升值了百分之二十。 appreciation n.新生，鉴赏，赏识；感激；升值
e.g.(1)Appreciation of artwork requires good taste in art. 对艺术作品的鉴赏要求有良好的艺术品味。
(2)She showed appreciation for my advice.她感谢我的建议。
(3)Appreciation of the currency will have a negative effect on the country‘s exports. 货币增值将对该国的出口造成负面影响。 Appreciative adj.欣赏的，感激的
e.g. (1)The audience are appreciative of the performance given by the children. 观众很喜欢孩子们的表演。
(2)He is appreciative of the support of his family.
他非常感谢家人对他的支持。
12.senior adj. 高级的，年长的，资格较老的 e.g. (1) a senior correspondent. 资深记者 (2)senior high school高中
(3)My elder brother is two years senior to me.我哥哥比我大两岁
(4)Senior citizen is a pleasant term for old people.高级公民是对老年人的委婉说法。 Antonym:junior 13.editor n. 编辑
e.g. (1) A senior editor资深编辑
(2) He works as editor of a fashion magazine.他是一家时尚杂志的编辑。 Edit vt.编辑，校订，剪辑
e.g.(1) The film is well edited.这部电影剪辑得很好。
(2)Do you find it boring to edit so many papers every day? 每天都校对这么的篇论文，你会不会觉得无聊？
14. rejection n.拒绝
e.g. (1)His rejection disappointed me.他的拒绝让我很失望。
(2)I lost heart after so many rejections of job applications.求职屡次遭拒，使我很灰心。
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reject vt拒绝，抵制
e.g. (1)He rejected their offer.他拒绝了他们提供的就业机会。
(2)I felt rejected when the rest of my family went to the party, leaving me alone at home.
我的家人都去参加晚会就留我一人在家，使我有被抛弃的感觉。 Synonym: refusal/refuse
15. professional adj. 专业的，职业的
e.g.(1) He is a professional interpreter.他是一名专业口译人员。
(2) You need professional training before you can be a teacher.当老师要先经过职业培训。 Profession n.职业，专业
e.g. He is a lawyer by profession.他的职业是律师。 16. sample n. 样品，例子
e.g. (1)They are giving away free samples of shampoo.他们正在免费赠送洗发水样品。
(2)I‘d like to see some samples of your product before I make an order. 我想在订货前先看看你们的产品样品。 Vt.取样，采样，抽取------的样品
e.g.Customers can sample the wine before buying.顾客购买这种酒前可以先品尝。 17. loss n. 失败，损失
e.g. (1)The company suffered losses in business this year.公司今年生意亏本。 (2)There have been a number of losses of children in this area.
该地区已发生多起小孩失踪事件。
phrase: at a loss困惑的，（茫然）不知所措的
e.g. (1)I was at a loss for words when I saw her.我看到她时都不知该说什么。
(2)She was at loss as to whose suggestion she should accept.她不知道该采纳谁的建议。 Lose v.丢失，遗失，损失
e.g.(1)I lost my key and I could do nothing but wait for my family to come back. 我把钥匙丢了，只好等家人回来。
(2)She lost her temper at the news.听了这个消息她就发起脾气来。 18. Self n. 自己，自我
e.g.(1)He is a self-centered man.他是一个以自我为中心的人。
(2)The study of self is an eternal subject for philosophers. 对自我的研究是一个永恒的哲学话题。
19. consant adj.经常的，长期的，不变的，恒定的
e.g. (1)Everything in world is in constant movement.世上的一切事物都处于不断运动中。 (2)A thermostat keeps the temperature constant.恒温器可以保持温度恒久不变。 (3) Diabetes patients should diet strictly.糖尿病人应严格按规定进食。 Antonym:inconstant/changeable 20. kick v.踢
e.g. (1)The baby was lying on its back in the cradle,kicking its legs in the air.
婴儿仰躺在摇篮里，两腿向空中乱踢。
(2)The boy kicked the ball hard towards the goal.男孩用力地把球踢向球门。 Phrase: kick the bucket 死去（俚语）
Kick off（足球比赛）开球，开始
e.g. (1)The match kicked off when the referee blew his whistle.裁判吹响了哨子，比赛开始了。
(2)The lecturer kicked off by introducing herself.演讲者一上来先作了番自我介绍。
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Kick sb. out开除，撵走
e.g.He was kicked out of the company for not following the rules and regulations. 他因为不遵守规章制度被公司开除了。 21.say hello to 与某人打招呼
e.g.(1)He said hello to all the foreign guests at the party.他同聚会上的所有的外宾打了招呼。 (2)She turned away before I could say hello to her.我正要跟他打招呼，她转身走开了。 22. outside of 在„„之外，除„„之外
e.g.(1)The students take part in a vatiety of interest groups outside of class hours.
学生们课外参加各种各样的兴趣小组。
(2)She thought he was the only one who cared about her outside of her parents.
她认定除了父母外，他是唯一真正关心她的人。
23. ask sb out 邀请（异性朋友）外出
e.g.(1)He is too shy to ask the girl he like out.他太害羞不敢邀请他心仪的女孩外出。 (2)I will say no if you ask me out.如果你想邀请我外出，我不会答应的。 24. turn down拒绝
e.g.(1)When you turn down an invitaion, you ‗d better give an explanation.
你拒绝别人邀请时最好能做出解释。
(2)His request for a higher salary was truned down.他加薪的要求被拒绝了。 25. live with接受，忍受
e.g.(1)I cannot live with his rude manners.我无法忍受他粗鲁的态度。 (2)She knew it was unfair to her, but she had to live with it.
她知道这对她不公平，但却只能忍受。
26. make up one‘s mind下定决心
e.g.(1)Try to think about it carefully before you make up your mind.
你下定决心前要考虑清楚。
(2)The little girl has made up her mind to be a doctor when she grows up.
小女孩下定决心长大后要当名医生。
27. be meant to do注定做（某事）；必须得做某事
e.g. (1)Those who are meant to meet will meet even though they are seperated.
有缘千里来相逢。
(2)You are meant to submit a report about the accident by the end of the month.
月底前你得交一份事故报告。
28.work out 带来好结果；解决
e.g. (1) The plan was finally work out after a week‘s hard work.
苦干了一个月，计划终于做出来了。
(2)The problem of who is responsible for the accident has not been worked out yet. 此次事故的责任问题还没有解决。
29.be proud of 以（某人或某事）为荣、感到骄傲
e.g. (1)All parents are proud of their children for whatever achievements they have made.
所有的家长都为自己的孩子所取得的任何成绩感到骄傲。 (2)I am proud of being Chinese.我以身为中国人为荣。 30. be sure of 确信、相信某事
e.g. (1)Are you sure of the news that we are to have a three-day holiday for New Year‘s Day?
你确定我们元旦放三天假吗？
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(2)I am sure of his defeat because he underestimates his opponent. 他太小看对手了，我肯定他会输
31. a great deal of 大量的
e.g. (1)A great deal of money has been spent on road construction.修路花了很多钱。 (2)The new-born baby brings a great deal of joy to the young couple.
新生的婴儿给年轻的夫妻带来了欢乐。
32. succeed in doing在某方面成功
e.g. (1)The government succeeded in controlling the spread of SARS by taking effective
measures.通过采取有效措施成功控制了SARS的传播。
(2)China succeeded in launching its first manned spaceship in 2004.
2004年中国第一次成功发射载人飞船。
III. Language Points in Text A
1. He flunked physics in high school, getting a grade of zero:He failed the subject of physics and got a grade of zero.
This sentence contains an –ing participle phrase used as an adverbial denoting an accompanying circumstance. See also Language Points Not 4, Text A Unit 1.
2.He didn‟t do much better in sports: He was as poor in sports as in other subjects.
Here ―much‖is an adverb to modify the adjective in its comparative degree. There are other adverbs of this kind, including still, even, far, a lot , a bit, a great deal,etc. For example:
1)The movie is a great deal more interesting than I have expected.电影比我预想的有趣得多。 2)He is a lot strong than he looks.他比他看起来要强壮得多。
3)The problem is far more complicated than it seems.这个问题比表面看起来要复杂得多。
3. Athough he did manage to join the school‟s golf team, he soon lost the only important match of the season: Dispite that he managed to be a member of the school‘s golf team, he soon was defeated in the only important match of the season.
although: a connective for adverbial clause of concession(虽然，尽管). It is interchangebale with ―though‖. But neither can be used together with ―but.‖ For example:
1)Although/Though it was raining heavily, she came to see me off at the railway station. 尽管下大雨，她还是到车站为我送行。
2)I had a good time although /though I knew nobody at the party. 虽然聚会上我一个人都不认识，可我还是玩的很开心。
did:is used as an auxiliary verb to put emphasis on the verb . See also Language Points Note 6,Text a,unit 6.
4. Throughout his youth Sparky was awkward socially : During his youth, Sparky was not good at social communicaiton.
Thoughout: a preposition meaning‖in,or though,or during every part of------‖(遍及，在---期间),More examples:
1)It snowed throughout the night and everything outside was white the next morning. 雪下了一个晚上，第二天早上窗外一片雪白。
2)The film will be shown in May throughout the country. 电影将与五月份在全国上映。
5. He was too afraid of being turned down:He was full of fear that he would be refused . Be afraid of : 担心，害怕 More examples:
1)I am afraid of our teacher;he is to serious.我害怕我们的老师，他太严肃了。
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2)He lowered his voice, afraid of disturbing the others.他压低了嗓门，怕影响到他人。 We also can say‖be afraid to do sth, be afraid that------‖as in the following examples: 1)I am afraid to talk to him.我不敢跟他说话。
2)She was afraid that she hadn‘t behaved well in the interview.她担心
6.So he lived with it: He accepted the fact that he was a loser.面试没有表现好。
So:here is an adverb used in place of something stated already (正是，如此).One more example: Are you married?If so, please tell me the name of your wife.你结婚了吗？如果是，请告知你妻子的名字。
7.Sparky had made up his mind early in life that if things were meant to work out,they would: Sparky believed when he was little that things would happen if they were bound to.In other words Sparky believed that he would be extraordinary and successsful if this was what should happen..
8.Otherwise he would be satisfied with his ordinariness: Otherwise he would be glad to be an ordinary man,
Be satisfied with:对„„感到满意.For example:
1) The girl seems to be satisfied with her new hairstyle.女孩看起来对她的新发型很满意。
2)His boss was satisfied with his work and decided to give him a promotion.老板对他的工作表现很满意，准备升他的职。
9.Afer completing high school, he wrote a letter to Walt Disney Studios.
Here is an ―after + -ing participle‖ structure which can be changed into an ―after‖ clause. See also Language Points Note1,TextB,Unit 4. IV. Focus on Grammar
现在进行时和过去进行时(The Present Continuous Tense & Past Continuous Tense ) 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense) 一、构成：
Am/is/are+动词的现在分词 二、功能：
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事。如： 1) It is raining outside.
2) The students are reading aloud.
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。如： 1)I am getting up at seven this week. 2)She is gaining weight..
3)My brother is learning English at college.
3. 表示不断重复的动作，通常与always,usually,constantly,continually,repeatedly等副词连用，而且常常带有褒贬等感情色彩，如： 1) She is always helping the others.(褒义)
2) He is constantly complaining that the job is too tiring.(贬义)
以上两例句如不用进行时，便只是表示一种客观陈述，而不带有说话人的感情色彩。
4. 表示渐进的过程，这类动词通常是以下动词：get,become,turn,grow,forget,remember等，用于进行时态可表示某种状态的发展过程。请看例句： 1) Things are looking a bit better. 2) I am forgetting my English..
3) Winter is coming.The days are getting shorter while the nights are getting longer.
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4)My hair is growing.
5. 表示即将发生的状态，常有的这类动词有：come, go, leave, meet, start, stay, stop, sleep等，如：
1）We are leaving at ten.
2）I am not staying with you.. 3）The train is pulling in soon..
4）When I grow up,I am flying across the Atlantic Ocean.
6.表示婉转语气，只适合于want,wonder, hope等少数动词。如： 1）I am wondering if you can send me the book. 2）What are you hoping for?
过去进行时（The Past Continuous Tense） 一、构成：
Was/were+动词现在分词 二、功能：
1、表示过去某时或某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，如： 1)At this time last night I was watching TV.
2)While her husband was reading the newspaper, the wife was doing kitchen work. 3)We were talking about the movie when the teacher came in.
2、表示过去不断重复的动作，通常于forever,always,constantly,continually等词连用，表示某种感情色彩，如：
1)She was always changing her mind. 2)My mother was constantly praising him.
3)He was always borrowing money and forgetting to pay it back. 4)I was continually making mistakes.
3、表示过去时间即将要发生或按计划安排要发生的动作，如： 1)They were leaving for Shanghai the next day. 2)He told her that he was coming soon.
4、表示婉转语气，适用于want,hope,wonder等词，如： 1)I was wondering if you could bring me some flowers. 2)I was hoping that you could help me. 5、表示逐渐的变化或发展，如：
1)It was getting dark.天渐渐黑下来了。
2)I was beginning to like her.我开始变得喜欢她了。 V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. bite v.. 用牙咬，蛰，叮(bit, bitten)
e.g. (1)The child who is once bitten by a snake will be afraid of the well rope for ten years. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
(2)The boy bit hard into the man‘s arm.男孩在那人的手臂上狠狠地咬了一口。 n.咬，咬一口，被咬的伤口
e.g.(1)The cake is nice. Do you want to have a bite?蛋糕很好吃，你要不要来一口。 (2)Her face is covered with insect bites.她满脸都是虫子叮的包。 Phrase: bite one‘s tongue 强忍住不说
e.g. He kept asking what happened,but I bite my tongue. 他一个劲的问出了什么事，但我忍住了没说
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Phrase: bite one‘s head off斥责，蛮横粗暴地说话
e.g. I only want to ask the way; why shoud you bite my head off? 我只是想问个路，你干嘛这么凶啊？ Phrase: bite sth back抑制住，强忍住不说
e.g. He was about to tell me everything, but bit back his words.
他刚要告诉我一切，又把话咽回去。 Phrase: bite one‘s lips要嘴唇以掩饰愤怒或不快
e.g. She likes to bite her lips when she is unhappy.她一不开心就喜欢咬嘴唇。 2. lip(s) n. 嘴唇 e.g.(1) lipstick唇膏
(2) The word was just on her lips, but was bitten back.话到她嘴边了，可又咽了回去。 3. diary n. 日记
e.g. (1)She keeps a diary every day. 她每天都记日记。
(2)I hate your reading my diaries without my permission.我不喜欢你私自看我的日记。 diary n.牛奶场，奶品场，奶制品 4. average adj. 平均的，普通的
e.g. (1)His father is an average worker.他的父亲是位普通工人。
(2)What are the average earnings of a peasant every year?农民的年平均收入有多少？ n.平均数，平均水平
e.g.(1)His school work is above/below average.他的学习成绩高于、低于平均水平。 (2)We study four units on average every week.我们平均每周学四个单元。 v.平均是，平均做
e.g. We average 8 hours ‗ work a day.我们每天平均工资8小时。 5. hardship n.困苦，艰难
e.g. (1)He has unergone many hardship since childhood.他自童年起就饱经苦难。
(2)A man‘s will is tested in hardship.苦难磨砺人的意志。 6. teenage adj十几岁的
e.g.(1)The teenage boy behaves like a man.那个十几岁的男孩举止像个大人。 (2)They have a teenage daughter.他们有个十几岁的女儿。 Teenager n.（十三岁到十九岁间的）青少年，十几岁的孩子
e.g. He is just a teenager. Don‘t be too strict with him.他还只是个十几岁的孩子，别对他太严。 7. hide v.隐藏，隐瞒（hid,hidden）
e.g.(1)A fox cannot hide its tail.狐狸尾巴是藏不住的。 (2)Don‘t hide under the table. You ‗ll dirty your clothes. 别藏到桌子底下，会弄脏衣服的。 hiding n.躲藏，藏匿
e.g. The criminal is still in hiding somewhere in the city. 8. Nazi n.纳粹 Nazism n.纳粹主义 9. concentration n.集中，集合
e.g.(1)This text needs all your concentration. 这篇文章需要全神贯注才能读懂。
(2)The concentration of rays of sunlight causes the match to burn.
太阳光汇聚一点能使火柴烧着。 concentrate v. 集中
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e.g. Please concentrate (your attention)on what the teacher is saying.请集中注意力听老师讲课。 10. camp n.营地，露营地 vi 露营，扎营 e.g.(1)concentration camp集中营
(2)We went camping last week.我们上周去露营了。 11. arrest n.& v.逮捕，拘留
e.g.(1)The criminal was arrested.罪犯被逮捕了。
(2)The police made three arrests yesterday.昨天执行了三项逮捕行动。 Phrase: under arrest逮捕，拘留
e.g.The criminal was soon placed under arrest.罪犯很快就被缉拿归案了。 12. pubilsh v. 出版 公布，发表
e.g.(1)The publishing house publishes one thousand books a month on average. 该出版社平均每月出版一千本书。
(2)The final result will be published next month.最终结果下月公布。 Publisher n.出版商，发行人 13.title n. 书名，标题，头衔
e.g.(1)His autobiagraphy was published under the title My Life.
他的自传出版了，书名为《我的人生》。
(2)She was awarded the title of Model Student.她被授予“模范学生”的称号。 14. unusual adj.不平常的，与众不同的
e.g. (1)He has unusual drawing ability.他有绘画天分。
(2)We are having an unusual winter this year.今年冬天有点异常。 Unusually adv.非常，异常地
e.g.It is unusually cold this winter.今年冬天异常寒冷。 Synonym: different/ uncommon Antonym: usual/ common
15. isolation n. 隔绝，孤立，隔离
e.g.(1)He lives in complete isolation on a farm.他在农场里过着完全与世隔绝的生活。 (2)I was seized by a feeling of isolation when I watched the people walking on the street.
看着街上的行人，我突然有一种与世隔绝的感觉。 isolate vt.使隔离，使孤立
e.g.(1)I was isolated because of my measles.因为麻疹我被隔离了。
(2)We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。 16. fairy n仙女，精灵
e.g. fairy tales神话故事， 通话 17. bear n.熊
e.g. polar bear北极熊
18. basically adv.基本上，主要地
e.g.(1)Your answer is bascially right.你的答案基本上是对的。
(2)Basically, you will pass the exam as long as you follow my instrucions.
只要你听从我的指导，要通过考试基本上没问题。 Basic adj.基本的，基础的
e.g.(1)Family planning is one of China‘s basic state policies.计划生育是中国的基本国策之一。 (2)The job requires only some basic knowledge of computer operation. 这份工作只要求会基本的电脑操作。
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19. courage n.勇气，精神
e.g.(1)He is a man of courage.他是个勇敢的人。
(2)The martyr shouwed great courage in the face of death.
烈士面对死亡时表现出大无畏的气概。 Courageous adj.勇敢的，无谓的 e.g.a courageous deed勇敢的行为 synonym: bravery/ boldness antonym: cowardice/ timidity
20. heartwarming adj暖人新房的，感人的
e.g. (1)There was a line of heartwarming words on the greeting card. 贺卡上写着一行感人的话。 (2)The light in the distance was heartwarming to me. 远处的灯光让我觉得很温暖。 21. belief n.信心，信仰，信任
e.g.(1)He has a strong belief in God.他笃信上帝。
(2)I hold the belief that people are rewarded for their kindness.我相信善有善报。 Phrase: beyond belief 令人难以置信
e.g. The city has changed beyond belief in the past five years.
过去五年中城市发生的变化之大令人难以置信。 Believe v.相信
22. weapon n. 武器
e.g.nuclear weapon核武器
23. be in love with热爱，与某人恋爱
e.g.You can tell from their eye contact that they are in love with each other. 从他们眼神的交流中可以看得出他们两个人在恋爱。 24. smile at面对（困难，逆境等）微笑
e.g.(1)She smiled at me and then left.她对我笑了笑，然后就走了。
(2)We should learn to smile at the ups and down of life.我们要学会笑对人生的起落。。 25. burst through冲开，冲破
e.g.(1)The police burst through the door.破门而入。
(2)With a loud noise, flames burst through the windows and doors. 随着一声巨响，火苗从门窗中蹿了出来。 26. leave behind 遗留下来
e.g. (1)The old man left nothing behind but a roomful of books.
除了一屋子的书，老人什么都没留下。
(2)The stone inscriptions are the precious heritage our ancestors have left behind and we have to protect them against being destroyed.这些石刻碑文是我们祖先遗留下来的宝贵遗产，我们必须保护它们，不让它们遭到破坏。
27. win out 成功，获胜（尤指经过一段时间的努力）
e.g. (1)We lost the first half of the game, but we won out in the end.
我们输了上半场的比赛，但最终赢了。
(2)No matter how difficult it is, people will win out if they try to realize their dreams through constant efforts.不管有多艰难，只要不断努力梦想就会实现。 28. in the long run 从长远来看，最后。
e.g.(1)If you still go yourown way, you will regret what you have done in the long run. 如果你还一意孤行，最后你终究会后悔你的所作所为。
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(2)In the long run the disadvantages of the policy outweigh the advantages. 从长远来看这项弊大于利。 Language Points
1. Like most young people, Anne was in love with life---at one minute she was singing and laughing, and at the next she would fight tears and bite her hip: The same as most young people, Anne enjoyed life-----she would sing and laugh at his moment but be in tears at the next. 2. Her grades in school were average, at best: Her school work was ordinary, that is the best one can call it.
At best:最多，最好
e.g. The traffic is terrible. It takes me one hour to get to my office at best, and at worst I will spend half the day on the road.交通套糟糕了，作最好的估计我一个小时能到办公室，最坏的情况可能半天都的花在路上。
3. She was not beautiful----but she had spirit and could smile at hardships: She was not pretty ----but she had a strong will and could face difficulties in a relaxed manner.
4. She was Anne Frank, a teenage girl who wrote one of the most famous diaries of all times in an attic: She was Anne Frank, a girl in her teens. She wrote one of the most famous diaries throughout history in an attic.
The second part of the sentence is an appositive to the subject complement(主语补语，即表语)and it contains a defining relative clause introduced by ―who‖ since its antecedent is a person and acts as the subjct in the clause. Here the relative pronoun ―who‖ can also be replaced by ―that‖. In additon, ―who‖also can act as the object of the clause even though a more formal use will be ―whom‖. More examples:
1)The man who/that sat beside my father is my uncle.坐我父亲旁边的那个人是我叔叔。 2)I know the one who /that whom you have talked to.和你刚才说话的那个人我认识。 5. A week after the Franks‟ arrest,---:
Here‖the Franks‖ refers to the family. In English it is common to use the pattern of ―the + family name + s ‖ to refer to a family. More examples: the Wildes王德一家人; the Smiths斯密斯一家 6.From her diary, people can come to know about the unusual life that Anne had led in isolation: Anne‘s diary tells her uncommon life experiences she had when she was seperated from the outside world.
This sentence contains a defining relative clause introduced by ―that‖to modify ―the unusual life‖, which is used as the object of the clause. Additionally ―that‖ can be omitted or replaced by ―which‖. More examples:
1)I don‘t know what to say to the news(that/ which) you have told me. 对于你告诉的消息，我不知道该说什么。
2)She wants to borrow the book(that / which) I bought last week.她想借我上周买的那本书。 7. Even as the news over the radio grew worse and worse, Anne continued to write happy stories about fairies and bears,---: Even when the news from the radio became moew and more serious, Anne kept writing happy stories about fairies and bears,---
as: here it is conjunction for adverbial clause of time, the same as‖when‖, More Examples: 1)The telephone rang as they having the meeting.他们开会的时候电话响了。 2)As you are reading in the study, I can watch TV in the sitting room. 你在书房看书的时候，我可以在客厅看电视。
grow worse and worse: become more and more serious
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in English the structure of ―比较级+and+比较级‖ can mean the increase or decrease of the degree in a grdual sense(越来越---), More examples: 1)warmer and warmer越来越热
2)more and more important越来越重要 3)less and less interesting越来越无趣
8. She said she knew in her heart that people were basibally kind and no matter what happened, good would win out: She said she believed that generally people are kind and evil will lose to goog in any case.
No matter what happened: This is an adverbial clause of concession introduced by‖no matter +wh-word‖(无论---，不管---), More examples:
1)No matter whether you come or not, please let me know.不管你来不来，都请告诉我。 2)No matter how difficult the task is , we will finish it on time. 不管这项任务有多难，我们都会按时完成的。
3)No matter when you get home, please tell me.不管你什么时候到家，都请给我打电话。
This sentence contains two object clause. The first clause is‖she knew in her heart that------‖uses as the object of ―she said‖, with the introductory word ―that‖ omitted. The second one is signaled by ―that ‖ as the object of ―she knew‖.
9. Her hearwrming diary proves her belief that in the long run, the sharpest weapon of all is a kind and brave spirit: Her moving diary has shown she is right in believing that to be kindhearted and brave is the most powerful solution to all kinds of hardships. VI. Focus on Practical Writing
日记是用来记录日常生活点滴或感想的一种写作形式，具有很强的私密性，所以其格式一般比较自由，主要包括日期与内容两大部分。一般第一行为日期栏，可以注明星期几，年月日，通常也可在日期后面加上天气情况，然后下面为正文。年月日的书写格式参照第二单元关于私人信件的写作。
One sample writing for the writing task in this unit: Thrusday, January 20,2006,Sunny Today I read an article about Anne and her diaries. I have heard of this name and the book many times, but since I couldn‟t get the book anywhere, I had no idea what the diaries were about and why they were so popular. This article gives the answers to my questions. From the article, I learned that Anne was a Jewish girl who was sent to Nazi concentration camp during WW Two and died there before her 16th birthday. Her diaries are about her life when she was hiding in an attic with her family. In her diaries she expresses her love for life, through which we can see a lovely girl who holds beautiful dreams towards life and believes that good will win out finally. We can learn a lot from her.
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Unit 9 Festivals
Objectives:
1. read a story about a memorable christmas 2. learn the names of some popular festivals
3. have a look at how Americans celebrate New Year‘s Day 4. get some tips about the perfect tense 5. write greeting on a christmas card Focuses:
1. The usage of words and expressions
2. Grammar: the present and past perfect tense 3. Writing a plan: how to write greetings cards Outline:
1.Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (Band C) 2.Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3.Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4.Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5.Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the class beforehand)
6.Practical Writing Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up Discussion
Question 1:Have you ever celebrated Christmas? How was the celebration like?
Ask the students to recall the most memorable Christmas they have had and share their experiences with the class.
Question 2:Do you have any idea how Christmas is celebrated in Western countries?
Hint:Date: December 25th, but the Christmas holiday usually starts from the night before, Christmas Eve and lasts one or two weeks.
Specialities: Well-decorated Christmas trees; Father Christmas (Santa Clause) Special food: roast turkey, plum pudding or pumpkin pie. II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. Christmas n. 圣诞节
e.g. Merry Christmas 圣诞快乐 2. electricity n. 电
e.g. (1)Can you imaging our life without electricity?你能想象没有电的生活吗？ (2)The demand for electricity has been increasing rapidly in recent years.
用电需求近年来快速增长。
electric adj. 电的，导电的，电动的（被修饰的物体本身可带电） e.g. electric fan 电扇; electric generator 发电机; electric shock 触电 electrical adj. 电的，有关电的（被修饰的物体本身不带电）
e.g. electrical engineer 电力工程师; electrical apparatus 电器; electrical fault 电器故障 electrician n. 电工
3. intend vt. 想要，打算
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e.g.(1)Do you intend to leave without paying for the broken glass?
你打破了玻璃想不赔偿而一走了之吗？
(2)We intend this news report as teaching material. 我们打算把这篇新闻报道用作教学材料。
(3)The teacher intended the class to vote for the new monitor. 老师想让全班同学投票选举新一任班长。
intention n. 打算，意图，目的
e.g. (1)It is not my intention to hurt you. 我无意伤害你。
(2)She has no intention of marrying yet. 她还没打算结婚。
(3)He is of good intentions, but what he did brings trouble to us instead of help. 他是好意，但他的所为没有帮上我们什么忙，反倒添了麻烦。 Synonym:plan/mean/propose 4. relative n.亲戚
e.g. (1)close relative 近亲; distant relative 远房亲戚
(2)It is customary for relatives to exchange visits during Spring Festival. 春节期间传统上亲戚会相互拜年 Adj. 相关的，相对的
e.g. He now lives in relative comfort after some troubles.
困境过后，他现在日子过得比较舒心。 5. eve n前夕，前夜
e.g. Christmas Eve 圣诞夜; New Year‘s Eve 除夕夜; on the eve of the war 战争前夕 6. remove v..移动，去掉，移居
e.g. (1)Please remove the books from my desk. 请把我桌上的书拿走。 (2)He was removed from the company. 他被公司开除了。 Removable adj.可移动的，可去掉的
e.g. The desks and chairs in the classroom are removable. 教室里德课桌椅是可以移动的。 7. decoration n. 装饰，装饰品
e.g.(1) Interior decoraiton depends on the house owner.室内怎么装修取决于房主。 (2)The Christmas tree is covered with decorations.圣诞树上挂满了装饰品。 decorate vt. 装饰，布置
e.g. (1)The street was decorated with flags.街道上有旗帜以作装饰。 (2)The hotel is beautifully decorated. 酒店装修得很漂亮。 decorative adj. 装饰的，装饰用的 e.g. decorative paintings 装饰画
8.pack v.. 把（某物）打包，把„„装进包
e.g. (1)The students were busy packing for the home trip.学生们忙着整理东西回家。 (2)I forgot to pack the towel.我忘了把毛巾打包了。 Phrase: pack up 把（某物）打包
e.g. (1)They packed up the contents of the house and left.他们把屋子里的东西打包后离开。 (2)The guests packed up the uneaten food.客人把未吃的食物打了包。 Antonym: unpack v. 打开包裹（或行李等）
9. complete adj. 全部的，完整的 vt..完成，结束
e.g. (1)The experiment is a complete success. 试验取得了成功。
(2)Please use complete sentences to answer the question. 请用完整的句子回答问题。
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(3)The bridge is not completed yet. 桥还没建好。
(4)I‘m afraid I need to stay up because the report has to be completed today.
我怕今晚要熬夜了，因为报告必须得今天做完。
Completely adv. 彻底，完全
e.g. What you said is completely wrong. 你所说的彻底错了。 10. brightly adv. 明亮地
e.g..(1)The camfire was burning brightly and we all gathered around, singing and dancing.
篝火熊熊燃烧着，我们围在篝火旁载歌载舞。
(2)On such a clear night the stars are shining brightly in the sky.
晴朗的夜晚，群星在天空闪烁。 Bright adj. 明亮的，辉煌的
e.g. (1)It was a bright sunny day. 今天是个大晴天。 (2)The garden is bright with flowers. 鲜花满园。 11. bored adj无聊的，无趣的
e.g. (1)I am bored by the lecture. 讲座使我感到很无趣。 (2)The girl was hurt by the bored expression on my face.
我脸上厌烦的表情让那女孩受伤了。
. boring adj.令人厌烦的
e.g.The book is very boring. 这本书很无聊。 boredom n. 无聊，厌烦
e.g.(1)Boredom was written on his face. 他脸上显出厌烦的神情。 (2)We listened to the repeated story in boredom.
我们无聊地听着那个重复了好多遍地故事。
12.surely adv. 必定地，无疑地
e.g. (1) If you start the quarrel, surely it is your fault. 如果是你先吵得，当然是你的错。 (2)The girl surely didn‘t know what to say. 那女孩真不知道该说什么。 sure adj. 确信的，肯定的
(1)I am sure of her success./ I am sure that she will succeed one day.
我确信有一天她会成功的。
(2)We are sure to arrive on time. 我们一定准时到。 13.otherwise n. 否则，不然
e.g. (1) We should go early; otherwise we may not get a seat.
我们得早点去，要不然可能会没座。
(2) My computer is out of order; otherwise I could lend it to you.
我的电脑坏了，不然我可以把我的电脑借你。
14. perfect adj.完美的，完满的
e.g. (1)It is a perfect day for a picnic. 今天去野餐再合适不过了。 (2)You have done a perfect job. 你的工作完成得相当出色。 perfectly adv. 很，完全，完美地
e.g. (1)She speaks English perfectly. 她英语说得很棒。 (2)Your answer is perfectly right. 你的答案完全正确。 15. woods n. 树林
e.g.(1) We went for a ride in the woods. 我们去树林里骑马了。 (2) It is relaxing to walk in the woods. 在树林子里散步很舒心。
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16.actually adv. 实际上，事实上
e.g. (1)Actually he didn‘t leave the city. 事实上他并没有离开这个城市。
(2)Actually she didn‘t tell the whole truth. 实际上她没有说出全部。 Synonym: as a matter of fact actual adj. 现实的，实际的
e.g.(1)The actual result is less satisfying than we hoped. 实际结果比我们希望的要糟糕。 (2)The Internet enables people to live in a word different from the actual one. 因特网给人提供了一个不同于现实世界的生活空间。 actuality n. 实在，真实，现状 17.dessert n. 餐后甜点
18. final adj. 最后的，最终的
e.g.(1)Z is the final letter in the alphabet. Z是字母表中最后的一个字母。
(2)We are to leave the final exam next week. 我们下周期末考试。 finally adv. 最后，终于
e.g. He finally found a job in a small factory. 他最后在一家小厂找到了工作。 19. flaming adj.有火焰的，燃烧的，热烈的
e.g. flaming autumn leaves 火红的秋叶; flaming passions 炽热的感情 flame n. 火焰；热情 vi 燃烧，发出火焰 (1)The house was in flames. 房子着火了。
(2)Her cheeks flamed with embarrassment. 她尴尬万分，脸颊都红了。 20. merry adj.欢乐地，愉快的
e.g. (1)It is a merry day! 真是快乐的一天！
(2)She wears a merry expression on her face. 她的脸上洋溢着快乐。 merrily adv. 快乐地，愉快地 merriness n. 愉快，快乐
Synonym: happy/joyful/ jolly/ cheerful Antonym: melancholy/ gloomy 21.joy n. 欢乐，喜悦
e.g.(1)The good news filled her with great joy. 听了好消息，她无比喜悦。
(2)The family was full of joy when the baby was born. 孩子出生了，全家都非常高兴。 joyful adj. 欢乐的，喜悦的
e.g. a joyful look 高兴的样子; a joyful event 喜事 synonym: happiness/merriness/gladness/pleasure antonym:sorrow /grief 22.out of town 城外，郊区
e.g.(1)She is out of town this week.. 她这周出城了。
(2)It is not convenient to live out of town, especially for those whose office is downtown.
住乡下不方便，尤其对于那些在市区工作的人来说。
23. along with 连同（某物或某人）一起
e.g.(1)May I go along with you? 我跟你一起走可以吗？
(2)She took everything in the room along with her. 她拿走了房间里所有的东西。 24.walk up to 走上前去
e.g.(1)She build up courage and walked up to the manager. 她鼓起勇气走到经理面前。 (2)A boy walked up to Mary and asked her to dance.一个男孩走到玛丽跟前请她跳舞。
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25. on earth究竟，到底
e.g.(1)What on earth are you doing? You have stayed in your room for two days.
你到底在干什么？你都把自己关房里两天了。
(2)No force on earth can hold back the progress of society.
没有任何力量能够阻止社会的进步。
26. do with处置
e.g.(1)What will you do with these books? Throw them away.
你怎么处理这些书？扔掉么？
(2)The best thing to do with a rumor is turn a deaf ear to it.
对付谣言最好的方法就是充耳不闻。
27. Dear me.我的天哪！（用以表示惊奇,害怕以及其他强烈感情的惊叹语） e.g. (1)Dear me! She has had a baby! 天哪，她已经有小孩了。 (2)Dear me! It is so late! 天哪，都这么晚了。 28.Keep --- from 阻止„„发生，不让„„发生
e.g. (1) Chridren should be kept from playing in the street. 别让孩子们在马路上玩耍。
(2)The country should try to keep the populatin from growing too fast. 国家应该想法设法阻止人口过快增长。
III. Language Points in Text A
1. By the time I had fininshed high school, I was looking forward to spending Christmas with my friends.
Had finished high school:Here the past perfect tense(过去完成时态) is used which is structured as‖had+ -ed participle‖. This tense donotes a completed action or state befoe a specified past. Were looking forward to : Here the past progressive tense(过去进行时态)is used. Here the tense denotes futurity in the past.
By the time: Here it is used for adverbial clause of time(到„„时候为止), usually requiring the perfect tense in the sentence. More examples:
1)By the time the doctor arrived, the patient had died. 医生赶到时，病人已经死了。 2)By the time you arrive, I will have been at the airport. 你到的时候我将已经在机场了。 Look forward to sth./ doing sth.: 期待，盼望
e.g(1)We are looking forward to your arrival. 我们盼着你的到来。
(2)The little girl looked forward to receiving a gift for her birthday. 那个小女孩盼望着能收到一份生日礼物。
2.My grandmother and uncle Henry lived on a farm some 15 miles out town. Some:The word in this sentence means‖大约‖, More examples:
1)Some twenty years ago I met her for the first time. 大约二十年前我第一次遇见她。 2)There are some ten books on the list. 单子上大约列了十本书。 3. ---they seemed to have no plans for Christmas, either. Seem to: 好像，看来 More examples: 1)He seemed to be ill. 他好像病了。
2)She seems to like babies very much. 看起来她很喜欢小孩。
This structure is interchangeable with the sentence pattern‖It seems/ seemed that---‖ The above sentences can be changed into:
1)It seemed that they had no plans for Christmas. 2)It seemed that he was ill.
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3)It seems that she likes babies very much. 4. But I had! : But I had plans for Christmas.
Here the object is elliptic since it is detectable from the previous sentence.
5. I had got my first job and was feeling quite grown up:I had got my first job and felt that I was an adult.
This sentence contains past perfect tense and past progressive tense and here the latter denotes a gradual change of state of mind in the past.
6. I had intended to share this special time with my friends: I had planned to spend Christmas with my friends.
Had intended to do: This structure in the form of past perfect tense can denote an unfulfilled intention in the past. Such verbs as want, plan, mean, suppose, expect, think, etc. can be used in the same way. For example:
1) We had meant to tell her the news but found she was not home. 我们本想把消息告诉她，但发现她没在家。
2) He had wanted to help you but he had no time then. 他本来想帮你，但当时他没有时间。 7.Before going to bed on Christmas Eve,---: Before mom went to bed on Christmas Eve---
Here is a ―conjunction+-ing ‖ structure used as an adverbial. Please refer to Language Points Note 1, Text B, Unit 4 for more informaition.
8.She packed them up, along with the things needed for a complete turkey dinner: Mom put into boxes the Christmas tree decorations and all things for a complete turkey dinner as well.
Needed for a complete turkey dinner: It is an-ed participle phrase used as a postponed modifier for―the things‖, and it can be changed into a relative clause‖which/ that were needed for a complete turkey dinner‖.
9.But I felt quite bored as we drove to Grandma‟s: but I felt least interested when we drove to the Grandma‘s house
In English ―person+‘s‖ can refer to his/her house, shop, etc. More examples:
St.paul‘s= St. Paul‘s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂 ; her uncle‘s= her uncle‘s house 她伯（叔）父家 10.That‟s why we brought one with us: That is the reason for our bringing a turkey with us. That ‗s why : Here the ―why‖part is a predicative clause to denote the reason(这就是„„的原因). More examples:
1)That‘s why she refused to tell you the news. She was afraid it was too much for you. 这既是她没把那个消息告诉你的原因，她担心你接受不了。
2)That‘s why she agreed to come with me. She didn‘t want to disappoint you. 这就是她答应跟我一起来的原因，她不想让你失望。
11.Uncle Henry quickly caught mom‟s spirit and called me to join his search for a perfect tree in the woods nearby:Uncle Henry quickly understood Mom and asked me to go to the woods nearby with him to look for a perfect tree for Christmas.
12. Soon the house smelled fresh and pleasant as edverything was busy preparing dinner and I was actually beginning to enjoy this unusual Christmas Day: Everyone was busy preparing the Christmas dinner, which filled the house with a fresh and pleasant smell/ atmosphere and I started to enjoy this different Christmas Day.
Be busy with sth/ be busy doing sth.: 忙着做某事 For example:
1)I am sorry that I cannot go to the party. I am busy with some important work. 我很抱歉我不能去参加聚会了，我正忙着重要工作。
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2)She is busy answering the phone. 她正忙着接电话。
13.I haven‟t seen a flaming pudding since I left English: After I left England, I haven‟t seen a flaming pudding ever since.
Since: It can be used to introduce adverbial clause of time(自从„„), usually required the perfect tense in the main clause. More examples:
1)I have worked in this city since I graduated from college. 自我大学毕业后就一直在这个城市里工作。
2)We haven‘t seen each other since we left school. 我们离开学校后就再也没见过面。
But in the sentence pattern‖it is /was+----+since‖, there is no need for the perfect tense. For example:
1)It is ten years since we last met. 自从我们上次见面后十年过去了。
2)It was twenty years since he worked in this company. 他在这家公司工作了二十年了。
14.She had taught me what a beautiful thing it is to give: She had made me realize that to gieve was really a wonderful thing.
What a beautiful thing it is to give: This is an exclamatory sentence(感叹句)introduced by‖what‖ and ―it‖iin the sentence is a formal subject with the actual one being ―to give‖. See mote examples of exclamations introduced by‖what‖: 1)What a nace day it is! 多好的天气啊！
2)What strange ideas you have! 你的想法真奇怪！
The exclamations also can be introduced by‖how‖ as in the following examples: 1)How fluently she speaks English. 她的英语说得真流利！ 2)How wonderful the holiday has been! 多愉快的假日啊！
IV. Focus on Grammar
现在完成时和过去完成时(The Present Perfect Tense & Past Perfect Tense ) 现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense) 一、构成：
Have /has+动词的过去分词 二、功能：
1. 表示过去发生的动作或事情，但与现在又联系并对现在又影响。常和一些表示不定时间的状语连用。如：already,ever,yet,just,never,recently等。 1) She has just left.
2) Have you ever been to Shanghai? 3)I have been very busy recently.
2. 动作发生在过去，并持续到现在，并且可能将继续持续下去。常和一些表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since 及for 引导的短语等。 1)He has worked in this city for ten years. 2)I have lived here since 1980.
3)We have studied English for five years.
三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：两者都表示发生在过去的动作或事情，但现在完成时强调动作与现在又联系，对现在又影响或仍然将持续下去，而一般过去时表示动作已经结束，与现在没有联系。此外，现在完成时不能同明确表示过去时间的状语连用。如： 1) We have lived in Shanghai for five years. 我们在上海生活了5年。（现在还在上海） 2) We lived in Shanghai for five years. 我们曾在上海生活了5年。（现在不在上海）
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3) My father has taught English all his life. 我父亲教了一辈子英语。（现在还在教） 4)My father taught English all his life. 我父亲教了一辈子英语。（现在不教了） 5)The old man has died. 老人已经死了。
6)The old man died last night. 老人昨晚死了。 7)I have read the book. 我已经读了这本书。 8)I read the book last week. 我上周读了这本书。
过去进行时（The Past perfect Tense） 一、构成：
had+动词过去分词 二、功能：
1、表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况，多用于从句中，如：
1)I knew I had met her before. 我知道我以前遇见过她。
2)By one o‘clock we had finished our homework. 一点钟的时候我们就已经做完作业了。 3)They had got the news before I came. 我来之前他们就已经知道那个消息了。 4)She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang. 她刚刚睡下铃就响了。
5) The film had already begun when we got to the cinema. 我们达到电影院时电影已经开演了。 2、intend,expect, hope, mean, want, suppose, plan等动词的过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实现的愿望，如：
1)I had expected to meet you, but you had left when I arrived. 我本想跟你见上一面的，但我达到的时候你已经离开了。
2)He had hoped to offer help, but he was out of town that day. 他本想帮忙，但那天他出城了。 3)I had intended to visit you, but my illness prevented me from doing so. 我本想去拜访你，但我因病没能成行。
V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. celebrate v.. 庆祝
e.g. (1)China‘s National Holiday is celebrated on Oct. 1st every year. 中国国庆节为每年的10月1日。
(2)How would you like to celebrate your 20th birthday？你二十岁生日想怎么庆祝？ Celebration n 庆祝，庆典
e.g.(1)We held a celebration for New Year‘s Day. 我们元旦举行了庆祝活动。
(2)Christmas is a holiday in celebration of the birth od Jesus Christ. 圣诞节时庆祝耶稣诞生的节日。
2. entertainment n. 娱乐，娱乐表演；款待，招待
e.g.(1) A cinema is a place of entertainment. 电影院是娱乐场所。
(2) You can enjoy a lot of entertainment in big cities. 大城市娱乐活动丰富多彩。 (3)Thanks for your entertainment. I have had a good time tonight.
多谢款待，我今晚过得很开心。 entertain vt. 娱乐，使快乐
e.g.(1)A teacher should entertain his students while teaching. 教师应该寓教于乐。 (2)The play entertained the audience. 这出戏很受观众欢迎。 vi. 款待，招待
e.g.(1)We are entertaining our friends at dinner tonight; would you like to come over? 今晚我们
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宴请朋友，你也来吧？
(2)The Smiths entertain a great deal. 史密斯一家经常款待客人。 3. puppet n. 木偶，傀儡 e.g. (1)puppet show 木偶戏
(2)a puppet government 傀儡 4. perform v. 表演，演出；履行，执行
e.g. (1)The children performed a play. 孩子们演了一出剧。
(2)The actor performed perfectly in the play. 那个男演员在戏中的表演很出色。 (3)He is performing a task out of town. 他出城办事去了。 Performance n. 表演，演出；履行，执行
e.g.(1)They gave an excellent dancing performance. 他们的舞蹈表演非常出色。 (2)He is faithful in the performance of his duties. 他忠于职守。 Performer n. 表演者，演唱者
5. act n节目；行为，行动；法案；（戏剧的）一幕
e.g. (1)The next act is a folk dance. 下一个节目时民族舞蹈。
(2)It is a foolish act. 这是愚蠢的行为。
(3)The performance has passed an act for enviromental protection. 通过了一些环境保案。
(4)The hero will not appear until Act Ⅱ.男主角要到第二幕才出场。 v. 行动；起作用，生效；表现，举动；表演，假装 e.g. (1)Think before you act. 三思而后行。
(2)Does the drug take long to act? 药要很久才起作用吗？
(3)He acted as if he had never seen me before. 他表现得好像从来没有见过我。 (4)Don‘t act the fool. 别装傻。
(5)She is always acting; that‘s the reason why I don‘t like her. 她总是像在演戏，这就是我不喜欢她的原因。 6. firework n.焰火
e.g.(1)set off fireworks and firecrackers. 燃放烟花爆竹。
(2)The fireworks flamed the dark sky. 焰火把暗沉得天空映成了火红色。 7.diaplay n. 展示，陈列；表现，显示
e.g.(1)All the exhibits are on display in the hall. 所有的展品都陈列在展厅里。 (2)He gives an impressive display of skill. 他表现出的技巧让人印象深刻。
vt. 陈列，展览，显示
e.g.(1)All the paintings are displayed on the wall. 所有的画作都挂在墙上展出。 (2)She displayed good social abilities. 她表现出了良好的社交能力。 8. gather v. 集合，聚集；采集，收获；收集
e.g. (1)All the children gathered around her for stories. 所有的孩子都围到她身边听她讲故事。 (2)The teacher gathered the students around her. 老师吧学生聚到她周围。 (3)The farmers are gathering in the field. 农民们在田里收割庄稼。 (4)The teacher asked her to gather some reference materials.
老师要求她搜集一些参考资料。 9. pole n. 柱，杆
e.g.(1)a flag pole 旗杆
(2)The bed is supported by four poles. 床由四根柱子支撑着。
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10. bottom n. 底，底部
e.g.(1)You can take some notes at the bottom of the page. 你可以在纸页的底部作些笔记。 (2)She thanked them from the bottom of her teart. 她由衷地感谢他们。
(3)The police searched the house from top to bottom. 把房子从上到下搜了一遍。 11. cheer v.欢呼，以欢呼声鼓励，为---加油（常与on连用）
e.g.(1)The crowd cheered as the teams entered the field.球队入场时观众为之欢呼。
(2)The fans cheered their favorite singers on.歌迷们都为他们最喜爱的歌手欢呼加油。 n.欢呼，喝彩，快乐，高兴
e.g. (1)I heard the cheers of the crowd and I knew our team was winning.我听见大家的欢呼声就知道我们队赢了。
(2)Everyone is full of cheer during Spring Festival.春节里每一个人都喜气洋洋。 Phrase: cheer up使兴奋，使振作起来
e.g.(1)The good news cheered us up.好消息让大家为之振奋。
(2)Cheer up! The result is not too bad!振作点！结果不算太坏。 Cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的，令人愉快的，使人振奋的 e.g.(1)She is a cheerful girl.她是个快乐的女孩。 (2)The news is cheerful.消息令人振奋。 12. midnight n. 午夜
e.g.(1)The party will go on until midnight.聚会将一直持续到午夜。
(2)It was midnight and there were few cars in the street.当时已是午夜，街上没什么车。 Phrase: burn the midnight oil开夜车
e.g. She studies very hard and always burns the midnight oil.
她学习非常用功，经常读书读到深夜。 13.resolation n. 决定，决心，解决
e.g.(1)The resolution to rebuild the bridge/ that the bridge should be rebuilt was passed at the meeting.会上通过了重建大桥的决定。
(2)Every year I make New Year‘s resolutions but always fail to carry them out.每年新年我都定下了新年誓愿，但总是实现不了。 Resolve v.下决心，解决
e.g. (1)Once she resolves to do something, nobody can change her mind.
一旦她下定决心做什么事，谁也别想让她改变主意。
(2)The man resolved to stop smoking/that he would stop smoking.那个男人下决心戒烟。 14. hop v.单脚跳（hopped, hopped）
e.g.The boy hopped across the room because he had hurt his foot.男孩单脚跳着穿过房间，因为他的脚受伤了。
15.suppose v. 认为，推想，假定
e.g.(1)Suppose you had one million dollars, how would you spend the money?设想你有一百万美元，你会怎么来花这笔钱。
(2)What do you suppose she will say to me?你认为她会跟我说什么？ Phrase: be supposed to 认为应该做某事，被期望做某事
e.g.(1)We are supposed to finish our homework before we watch TV.
我们看电视前应该先做完作业。
(2)You are not supposed to smoke here.你不能再这里抽烟。 16. from place to place 到处，从一处到另一处
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e.g. His job requires him to travel from place to place.他的工作要求他到处跑。 17. end with以---结束，告终
e.g. (1)The battle ended with the defeat of the enemy.战争以敌军的失败而告终。 (2)His speech ended with a poem.他以一首诗结束了演讲。 18. on television电视上
e.g.(1)The new president will make a speech on television.新任总统将在电视上发表演说。 (2)We can watch the concert on television.我们可以在电视上观看音乐会。 19. count down 倒计时，倒计数
e.g.(1)Let‘s count down to the new year.现在让我们为新年到来倒计时。
(2)The time was being counted down before the rocket was to be sent into space. 火箭发射进入倒计时。 Language Points
1. First we decide what acts we want to see.
This sentence contains an object clause introduced by‖what‖. See also Language Points Note 1, Text B , Unit 3
2. Some First Night celebrations end with a fireworks display: Fireworks will be set off at the end of some First Night celebrations.
3. Sometimes we do what many other people do: Ssometimes we do those things that many other people do.
4. It reaches the bottom right at 12:00 : The ball reaches the bottom of the pole exactly at 12:00. Right: Here the word is an adver carrying the sense of ―exactly‖(恰好，正好，就). More examples:
1)She was standing right in the center of the room.她正站在房间的正。
2)The police arrived right at the moment of the explosion.刚好在爆炸时刻到达。
5. Eating Hoppin‟s John on New Year‟s Day is supposed to bring you good luck all year: It is believed that you will have good luck all year if you eat Hoppin‘s John on New Year‘s Day. The suject of the sentence is an –ing participle. For move about this see also Language Points Note 1, Text A , Unit 6.
VI. Focus on Practical Writing
圣诞节和新年的时候西方人往往会互赠贺卡，并在贺卡上写下给对方的祝福。贺卡祝词的格式：收卡人的姓名（To---）、祝词和赠卡人的姓名（from---）。具体可参见第三单元实用写作部分。
One sample writing for the writing task in this unit:
To dearest Grandma, Sending you best wishes for a beautiful Christmas and a New Year filled with happiness! From Daisy To Mary, Best wishes for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! From Judy 第 71 页 共 83 页
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Unit 10 Animal Stories
Objectives:
1. Meet a lovely friend with feathers 2. learn the names of some animals
3. find out how dogs are trained to serve the blind 4. get some grammar tips about the future tense 5. make sentences with animal-related idioms Focuses:
1. The usage of words and expressions
2. Grammar: ways of expressing the future time 3. Writing a plan: making sentences with idioms Outline:
1.Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (Band C) 2.Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3.Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4.Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5.Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the class beforehand)
6.Practical Writing Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up Discussion
Question 1:Have you ever kept a pet,including an electronic pet?Is there any funny story about it? Question 2:What kind of people do you think are more likely to keep pets? And what are the common choices for people to choose as pets?
Hint:People who are likely to keep pets: 1)elderly people who live alone and want to keep a company; 2) animal lovers; 3)rich people,who will choose some kinds of pets as a symbol of their wealth.
Common choices of pets: dog, cat, bird(parrot, cockatoo, etc), rabbit, etc. II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. feathered adj. 有羽毛的
e.g. She wears a feathered hat. 她戴着顶用羽毛装饰的帽子。 Feather n. 羽毛
e.g.(1)Fine feathers make fine birds. 美丽的羽毛使鸟儿美丽。/ 人靠衣裳马靠鞍。 (2)birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。 2. apartment n. 公寓（美式英语的说法）
e.g. (1)We have moved to the new apartment. 我们已经搬去新公寓住了。
(2)There is a row of high-rase apartment by the road. 路边是一排高层公寓楼。 Flat n. 公寓（英式英语的说法） 3. illness n. 疾病
e.g.(1)The illness is fatal. 这种疾病是致命的。
(2)He has had a bad illness, but he is better now. 他生了场大病，不过现在好多了。 ill adj. 生病的
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e.g. (1)Her mother is seriously ill in hospital. 她妈妈在医院里，病得很重。
(2)She didn‘t come to class yesterday because she fell ill. 她昨天没来上课，因为她病了。 4. suggest vt. 建议，提出
e.g. (1)The students suggested that the class should be given outdoors. 学生们建议到室外上课。
(2)He suggested going out for a walk. 他建议出去走走。
(3)She suggested a dinner party for Christmas. 她建议开个圣诞聚餐会。
vt. 暗示，间接表明
e.g. (1)Her expression suggested anger.她的表情显示她生气了。
(2)His words suggested that he was not sastified with the result. 他的话表明他对结果不满意。 Sugestion n.建议，提议，暗示，表明
e.g.(1)Your suggestion has been accepted.你的建议被采纳了
(2)At your suggestion, we have booked a hotel room.根据你的建议，我们在酒店定了房间 (3)There is a suggestion of impatience in his voice.他的声音表明他有点不耐烦。 5. parrot n鹦鹉， vt.学舌
e.g. Don‘t repeat my words like a parrot./ Don‘t pattot my words.
别像鹦鹉学舌似的重复我的话。 6. deliver vt. 送交，投递
e.g. (1)The boy delivers newspapers every day.那个男孩每天都送报纸。
(2)We will deliver your parcel to your home.我们会把你的包裹送到你家。 delivery n.传递，交付
e.g. There is no delivery of letters on Sundays.周日不送信。 7. owner n. 所有者，主人
e.g.the owner of the house房主; the owner of private cars私家车主 own vt. 拥有
e.g. (1)The house is owned by an old woman.这房子的主人是一位老妇人。 (2)He owns three companies.他拥有三家公司。 8.purse n.钱包
e.g. (1)I left my purse at home and I hurried back for it.我把钱包忘家里了，急忙赶回家去拿。 (2)Who holds the purse rules the house. （谚语）有钱就是势。 9. drawer n.抽屉
e.g. (1)I locked my diary in the drawer.我把日记锁在抽屉里。
(2)Have you searched the drawer? She likes to put her things there.抽屉你找过了吗？她喜欢把东西放抽屉里。
10. statement n. 陈述，表述
e.g.(1)The police took down the man‘s statement about the robbery. 记下那名男子关于抢劫的陈述。
(2)The statement that the company would lay off some of its employees worried a lot of workers. 公司要裁员的声明让很多工人很担忧。 state vt. 声明，陈述，规定
e.g. (1)The strikes started that the strike would go on until their requirements were satisfied.
罢工人员说罢工将持续到他们的要求被满足为止。
(2)It is stated in the constitution that all people have the right to education.
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规定所有人都有受教育的权利。 11. appropriate adj适当的，恰当的
e.g. (1)It is not approriate for you to tell her the news now.你现在就告诉她这个消息。
(2)His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.他的便服不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。
(3)I will tell you the secret at an appropriate time.我会在适当的时候把秘密告诉你。 . appropriately adv.合适地，恰当地
Appropriateness n.恰当 Synonym: suitable
Antonym: inappropriate/ unsuitable 12.doorway n. 门口
e.g. (1) He stood in the doorway and watched me.他站在门道里看我。 (2)I will meet you at the doorway.我在门口等你。 13.impatiently adv. 不耐烦地。
e.g. (1) ―It is over there,‖ the girl said impatiently.“就在那儿！”那个女孩不耐烦地说。 (2) The man stopped me impatiently and asked another question. 那个男孩不耐烦地打断了我，又问了一个问题。 impatient adj.不耐心的，不耐烦的
e.g. (1)They are growing impatient.他们渐渐不耐烦了。
(2)As a nursery teacher, you mustn‘t be impatient with children.
作为幼儿园教师，你不该对孩子急躁。 impatience n.不耐烦，急躁
e.g. Try to control your impatience, the result will come out soon.控制一下烦躁的情绪，结果一会儿就出来了。
patient adj.有耐心的。
e.g.(1)Dinner will be ready in half an hour----just be patient!
晚饭再有半个小时就好了，耐心等着！
(2)She is a patient teacher and is always answering her students‘ questions patiently. 她是个很有耐心的老师，总是耐心解答学生的提问。 14. maddening adj.令人发狂的
e.g. (1)The traffic has been held up for two hours. It is really maddening. 交通堵了有两个小时了，真让人气恼。
(2)Children sometimes can be maddening by acting against your instructions. 小孩有时不按你说的去做，真是让人气恼。 madden v.使发狂，使狂怒（常用于被动语态）
e.g. (1)I was maddened by his being so late.他迟到这么长时间，让我很生气。 (2)The girl refused to eat anything, which maddened her mother. 女孩拒绝进食，让她妈非常气恼。 mad adj疯狂的
e.g.(1)She nearly went mad with sadness after the child died.孩子死后，她悲痛欲绝。
(2)The noise from downstairs almost drove me mad.楼下传来的嘈杂声快把我逼疯了。 15. cock v. 向上抬起
e.g.(1) The tiger cocked its tail.老虎翘起了尾巴。
(2) The baby cocked her ears as if she knew I was talking to her.
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婴儿竖起了耳朵，好像知道我在跟她说话似的。 16.funny adj. 有趣的，好笑的
e.g. (1)It is a funny story.这个故事真好笑。
(2)The audiences were amused by the funny performances of the animals.观众都让动物们趣味横生的表演给逗乐了。 Antonym: serious
17.silence n. 沉默，不做声，寂静
e.g.(1)They worked in silence.他们默不作声地工作。
(2)she kept silence when her mother asked what had happened to her. 妈妈问她发生了什么事，可她一言不发。
(3)There was nothing but silence in the room.房间里寂静无声。 Silent adj.寂静的，沉默的
e.g.(1)Keep silent! I have an announcement.请保持安静，我有点事要宣布。 (2)The old house was silent.旧屋里死气沉沉。 18. glare vi.& n. 怒视，瞪眼
e.g.(1)She glared at me as if I had done something wrong.
她眼睛瞪着我，好像我做错了事一样。
(2)They glared at each other after the quarrel.他们吵完架后互相怒目而视。
(3)I was walking up to him, but the glare on his face stopped me.我正要朝他走去，可他脸上仇视的目光让我停住了脚步。 Synonym: stare 19. wrist n. 手腕
e.g. (1)wristwatch 手表；腕表; wristband 手带，护腕
(2)She wears a bracelet around her wrist. 她手腕上戴了个手镯。 20. uneasily adv.不安地，不自在地
e.g. (1)The boy sat there uneasily. 男孩不自在地坐在那儿。 (2)She looked at me uneasily, not knowing what to say.
她不安地看着我，不知该说什么。
unseasy adj. 不安地，担心的；令人不安的
e.g.(1)I‘m uneasy about the news. 我为这消息感到不安。 (2)The present situation is uneasy. 目前的形势令人不安。 Uneasiness n. 不自在，忧虑 21.beg v. 乞讨
e.g.(1)He begged from door to door.他挨家挨户乞讨。
(2)Her begged for money from people in the street.他向街上的行人乞讨钱。
v. 乞求，恳求
e.g. (1)She begged and begged until the boss said yes.她一再恳求，直到老板同意为止。 (2)She begged for forgiveness.她恳求宽恕。
(3)She begged her parents for forgiveness.她恳求父母宽恕她。 (4)She begged to leave.她恳请离开。
(5)He begged me to keep it a serect.他恳请我对我这件事保密。 22.forgive v.原谅，宽恕（forgave,forgiven）
e.g.(1)Please forgive me-----I din‘t mean to be rude.请原谅我，我不是有意无礼的。
(2)I will never forgive you for what you have done to me.
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我永远也不会原谅你对我所做的事。
(3)It is best to forgive and forget.宽大为怀，不记前仇最好。 Forgiveness n.宽恕，原谅
e.g.He asks for forgiveness of his sins.他请求宽恕的罪孽。 Forgiving adj.宽大的，仁慈的
e.g. She has a forgiving nature.她天性仁慈。 23. go mad发疯
e.g.(1)She almost went mad with homesickness.她想家都快想疯了。
(2)He went mad and was sent to the mental hospital.他疯了，被送去精神病院。 24.because of由于，因为
e.g.(1)The sports meet was put off because of the rain.由于下雨运动会延期。 (2)He din‘t get the teacher‘s question because of his absentmindedness. 因为开小差他没听到老师的问题。 25. How about---?---怎么样？---如何？
e.g.(1)How about a walk after dinner饭后去散步怎么样？
(2)How about having a cup of coffee?来杯咖啡，怎么样？
26. go on a vacation度假
e.g.(1)She is going on a vacation in Hawaii她正在夏威夷度假。
(2)The family goes on a vacation every summer.这家人每年夏天都去度假。 27. agree to do同意做某事
e.g. (1)Father agreed to buy me a computer.爸爸答应给我买电脑了。 (2She agreed to come with me.她答应跟我一块去。 28.Be about to do将要做什么，，正打算做某事
e.g. (1) We were about to leave when the telephone rang.我们正要走，电话响了。
(2)Look out! The train is about to leave.注意，火车就要开了。 29. be away出门在外，不在家
e.g(1)He was away when I got to his apartment.我到达他的公寓时他已经走了。 (2)My neighbors will take care of my children while I am away.
我不在家时邻居帮我照看孩子。 III. Language Points in Text A
1. Pat had been kept in her apartment for a year because of a serious illness: Because Pat had caught a serious illness, she had to stay in her apartment without being able to go out for a year. Keep +object+adj/adv/prep.:使---保持(某种状态)More examples:
1)The illness kept her away from work for two weeks.她因病有两个星期不能工作了。 2)The story kept the children amused all day.这个故事让孩子们一整天都乐不可支。 3)I keep the letters in the drawer.我把信收在抽屉里。 2.”How about a pet?”
How about:used for making suggestions(),we can say‖how about sth?‖ or ―how about doing sth?‖ See the Vocabulary part for more examples:
3. “Why not get a parrot?”:为什么不养只鹦鹉呢？
Why not: abbreviated from ―why don‘t you---‖, can be used for making suggestions,too. More examples:
1)Why not have a cup of coffee?为什么不喝杯咖啡呢？
2)Why not make one your instead of buying one?为什么不自己做一个呢,省得去买？
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4. A little feathered creature was soon delivered to his new owner, who named him Casey: Soon a little bird(here it refers to a parrot as indicated by the context) was sent to Pat, and she gave the name of Casey to the bird.
Who named him Casey: This is a relative clause introduced by the relative pronoun‖who‖, but it is a non-restrictive (非性) one instead of a restrictive one. A non-restrictive clause does not function to restrict the referential meaning of the antecedent but only acts as a futher explanation or statement. It is not closely connected with its antecedent and is generally seperated from the main clause by a comma in writing. Usually all the relative words introduce restrictive relative clauses can also be used for non-restrictive relative ones except ―that‖, For example: 1)The chairman, who spoke first, sat right beside me.
2)The movie, which has touched its audience so much, is based on a true story. 3)I went to Shanghai last week, where I met an old friend of mine by chance. 4)The factory, whose workers are all women,will be closed for the holiday. Name+object+n,: to give a name to------(). More examples: 1)They named their daughter Heidi.
2)The grandmother named her grandson Dick.
We also can say ―name sb after/for sb.‖which means to give the same name as---(给---命名) e.g.(1)The boy was named after his grandfather.男孩以其祖父的名字命名。
(2)The college was named for its first resident.这所大学以其第一任校长的名字命名。
5. The first sentence Casey learned to say was”Where are my glasses?” followed by “where‟s my purse?”:The first sentence Casey learned to say was‖Where are my glasses?‖ and the second one was ―Where is my purse?‖
The first sentence Casey learned to say: It contains a restrictive attributive clause with the relative word‖that/which‖ omitted since it acts as the object in the clause.
6. Whenever Pat began searching tables and opening drawers,---: At any time when Pat started to look for something on the tables and in the drawers,---
Whenever: a conjunction used to introduce adverbial clause of time, meaning ―at any time when, no matter when‖(无论---什么时候，每当). More examples:
1)Whenever I call him, there is a busy singal.每次我打电话给他，都是忙音。
2)I will come to help whenever you are in trouble.无论什么时候你有困难，我都会帮助你。 7.What fun it is to have him: It is really a fun to have him.
This is an exclamatory sentence introduced by ―what‖ and ―it‖ is used as the formal subject to refer to the infinitive structure. See Language Points Note 14, Text A,Unit 9 for more information concerning exclamations.
8.Sometiimes the statements were so appropriate she couldn‟t be sure: Sometimes the parrot gave such correct and suitable statements that she would be wondering if the parrot was clever enough to know what he was saying.
The sentence contains an adverbial clause of result with‖that‖omitted in the pattern of‖so---that--‖ 9.Like the time when a guest kept talking in the doorway…: For example at one time a guest kept talking in the doorway…
When a guest kept talking in the doorway: This is a restrictive attributive clause introduced by the relative word‖when‖ which acts as an adverbial of time in the clause. More examples: 1)I will never forget the day when the accident happened我永远不会忘记出事的那一天。 2)This was the time when she left for New York.这就是她动身去纽约的时间。
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10.settled in an easy chair: Sat down in a comfortable chair.
11.Pat‟s health improved so much that she decided to go on a vacation and asked Annie to look after Casey for a while:Pat got better and better, so she decided to spend a vacation and let Annie take care of Casey for some time.
This sentence contains an adverbail clause of result introduced by ―so…that…‖
12. The day her mother was back, Annie returned Caseu to the apartment so he would be there when Pat got home from the airport.: On the day when her mother was back from the vacation, Annie brought Casey back to her mother‘s apartment, so that her mother would see him when she got home from the airport.
The day: is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time(在---那天). Similarly we can also choose ―the moment, the instant, the week, the year, the morning, the afternoon,etc.‖ for the same use, More examples:
1)The police came to the scene the moment/the instant/ they got the news about the accident. 一接到车祸的消息马上就赶到现场。
2)The morning she got the news, she was leaving for beijing.她接到消息的那天早上，她正准备动身去北京。
So: a conjunction for adverbial clause of result, More examples:
1)He didn‘t obey the traffic rules, so he was fined.他没有遵守交规，所以被罚了款。 2)I got up too late, so I missed the train.我起床太晚了，所以误了火车。
13.Pat dropped her coat and hurried to the bird: Pat threw her coat onto the ground and came to the bird hastily.
14….,but you „ve got to forgive me: …but you have to forgive me.
Have got to do: a colloquial expression()for ―have to,must‖(口语化的表述), More examples: 1)The train is leaving: we‘ve got to go.火车快开了，我们得走了。
2)Only five minutes is left. We ‗ve got to hurry.还剩五分钟了，我们得快点。
IV. Focus on Grammar
将来时间表示法(Different Ways of Expressing Future Time) 英语中关于将来时间表示方法很多，主要有以下几种：
一、shall/will+ 动词原形（shall用于第一人称，will 用于各种人称）。 如： 1）I am not sure if I shall see you next week.我不确定下周是否会见到你。 2）Will you meet me at the airport?你来机场接我吗？ 3）It will rain tomorrow.明天会下雨。
4）I am afraid they will not come.恐怕他们不会来了。
二、be going to+动词原形， 表示“决定、打算做某事，或有迹象表明即将发生某事”。如 1) I am going to Beijing next week.我下周去北京。 2) When are you going to leave?你打算什么时候走？
3) Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.瞧那乌云，要下雨了。
4)I am not feeling well. I am going to faint.我觉得难受，我要晕倒了。
三、will + be doing(将来进行时)，表示“纯粹”将来，带有“自然要发生”的含义，不包含说话人的主观看法。如：
1) Hurry up! The train will be arriving soon.快点！火车就要到了。 2) I will not be buying a car.我不会买车。
3) I will be finishing the work soon.我很快就做完工作。
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4)She will be coming here tomorrow.她明天会来这里。
四、某些动词的现在进行时态可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。常见的此类动词有：go ,come ,have, meet, arrive ,leave, start, move, stay, do, have等。如： 1)They are having a meeting tomorrow.他们明天要开会。
2)He is meeting the manager this afternoon.他今天下午跟经理见面。 3)When are you starting ? 你什么时候动身？
4)I am arriving at the hotel at midnight.我午夜到宾馆。
五、be+不定式，表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作，或表示命令、禁止、可能性等。如： 1)The highway is to be opened before the National Holiday.公路将于国庆节前通车。 2)The plane is to arrive at 11:40飞机将于十一点四十分到。 3)He is not to stay here tonight.他今晚不在这儿过夜。
4)You are not to tell her about our plan.你不要把我们的计划告诉她。 六、be about+ 不定式，表示即将要发生的动作。如： 1)The film is about to begin.电影马上就开始了。 2)The train is about to move.火车马上就要开动了。 注：该句型中不能出项表示未来时间的状语。 1)His speech is about to begin soon.错误 2)His speech is about to begin.正确
3)The plane is about to take off in a minute.错误 4)The plane is about to take off.正确
V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. blind adj.. 瞎的，盲目的
e.g. (1)The old man is blind in one eye.那位老人一只眼睛瞎了。
(2)She is blind to her own shortcomings.她对自己的缺点视而不见。 Phrase: turn a blind eye to不注意，无视
e.g.The man turned a blind eye to the ―No Smoking‖sign and lit a cigarette.那位男子对“不得吸烟”的标志牌视而不见，并点了一根烟。 Blindness n.失明，盲目
e.g.He cannot be a driver because of his color blindness.以为他是色盲，所以当不了司机。 2. train v. 训练，培养
e.g.(1) She is training for the singing contest.她正在为歌唱比赛进行训练。 (2) He is training to be a pilot.他正在接受训练成为一名飞行员。 (3)These dogs are trained to detect drugs.这些狗被训练来侦察毒品。 training n. 训练，练习
e.g.(1)She received professional training before she took her job.她就职前接受了专业训练。 (2)All the athletes were engaged in hard training for the coming event.全体运动员都在为即将到来的比赛接受艰苦训练。 trainer n. 款待，招待
3. carefully adv. 小心地，谨慎地
e.g. (1)Drive your car carefully!请小心开车。
(2)Please fill in the application form carefully.请仔细填写申请表。 Careful adj.小心的，仔细的
e.g.(1)Be careful with those broken glass.小心碎玻璃。
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(2)Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。 4. responsible adj. 有责任的
e.g. (1)You should be responsible for your words.你应该对自己的话负责。 (2)She is a responsible teacher.她是一个尽职的老师。 resposibility n. 责任，职责
e.g.(1)A father has many resposibilities to his family.父亲对家庭要尽很多责任。
(2)This job requires nothing but a good sense of responsibility.这项工作除了要有责任心，没别的要求。
Phrase: assume/take/bear responsibility for…对---负责
e.g. I will assume/ take /bear responsibility for the mistake I have made.
我会对自己犯的错误负责。 Antonym: irresponsible 5. safety n节安全
e.g. (1)Please fasten your safety belt.请系好安全带。
(2)They crossed the road in safety.他们安全地穿过了公路。
(3)She hid her money in a place of safety.她把钱藏在一个安全的地方。 (4)The hero will not appear until Act Ⅱ.男主角要到第二幕才出场。 Safe adj.
e.g. (1)Don‘t worry, we are safe here.
(2)Keep these papers in a safe place. 6.obey v.服从，顺从
e.g.(1)He refused to obey the order.他拒绝服从命令。
(2)We shold obey the traffic rules when crossing the road.过马路时要遵守交通规则。 Antonym: disobey.
7.command n.&v. 命令
e.g.(1)Fire when I give the command.我一下命令就开火。 (2)Do as I command.照我的命令做。
(3)I command you to to ./ I command that you should go.我命令你去。 Synonym: order
8. cause n. 原因，动机，理由，依据
e.g. (1)The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.大雨时导致洪水发生的原因。 (2)There is no cause for worry; all of us are safe.别担心，我们都很安全。 Vt.导致，引起，使发生
e.g.(1)The heavy rain caused the flood.大雨引起了洪水。
(2)The drug caused me to feel sleepy the whle day.那药让我一整天都想睡觉。
(3)Behave yourself; you have caused me a lot of trouble.规矩点！你已经个给我添不少麻烦 9. harm n. 伤害，损害
e.g.(1)Smoking does harm to health.吸烟有害健康。
(2)The child fell over but came to no harm.小孩跌倒了，可是没伤着。 vi.伤害，损害
(1)Don‘t be afraid; I will not harm you.别害怕，我不会伤害你的。 (2)No one was harmed in the earthquake.没有人在地震中受伤。 humful adj.有害的
e.g. Eating too much is harmful to health.过多饮食有害健康。
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10. master n.主人，雇主
e.g.(1)The dog obeyed his mater.这狗听主人的话。
(2)You are the master of yourself and you can choose the life you want.你是自己的主人，有权选择自己想过的生活。
11. smart adj.欢呼，以欢呼声鼓励，为---加油（常与on连用） e.g.(1)He‘s a smart businessman. (2)He is not as smart as he looks. smartness n.
12. fully adj. 充分地，完全地
e.g.(1)The illness cannot be fully cured now.这种病目前还不能完全治愈。
(2)The evidence can fully prove that he is innocent.这个证据能充分证明他是无辜的。 Ful adj.完全的，充分的，完整的
e.g. (1)You have my full support.我全力支持你。
(2)Please write down your full name.请写下你的全名。 13.U-shaped adj. U字形的
Shaped:有------的形状（常构成复合词） e.g.(1)a heart-shaped cake
(2)The table is shaped like an oval.
14. harness n.用于套驾动物的牵索，挽具
e.g.The man put a harness on the horse.那人给马套上马具。 Vt.套上马具，套车；利用（自然力）产生能量 e.g.(1)I harness the horse to the cart.我把马套上车。
(2)The power of the wind can be harnessed to produce electritity.可利用风力发电。 15.handle n. 柄，把手 e.g.(1)a door handle门把手
(2)I lifted the luggage by the handle.我抓住行李箱的把手把箱子柃了起来。 Vt.碰触，处理，应付，对待
e.g.(1)We are asked not to handle the exhibits.我们被要求不去触碰那些展品。
(2)I don‘t know how to handle such a difficult situation.我不知如何应付这一困难局面。 (3)Handle children kindly, if you want them trust you.
假如你要孩子们信任你，就要对他们和气些。 16. lightly adv轻轻滴
e.g. (1)He tapped me lightly on the shoulder.他轻轻地拍了下我的肩膀。
(2)You only need to click the mouse lightly and your e-mail will reach you friend in no time. 你只需轻轻点一下鼠标，你的朋友马上就会收到你电子邮件。 Light adj.轻的，不重的
e.g. The box is so light that even a child can lift it.这个盒子很轻，小孩都能拿起来。 17. direct v指示，指挥，命令，导演
e.g. (1)‖Excuse me, can you direct me to the bus station?‖ 对不起，你能不能告诉我去公共汽车站怎么走？
(2)A policeman is directing traffic in the middle of the road.一名在路指挥交通。 (3)The general directed his soldiers to fire.将军命令士兵开火。
(4)The film is directed by Zhang Yimou.这部电影是张艺谋导演的。 Direction n.命令，指示，方向
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e.g.(1)The investigation was carried out under the direction of a serior government official. 调查是在一名高级的指导下进行的。
(2)I have a poor sense of direction and always get lost.我方向感很差，经常迷路。 18. forward adv向前，前进
e.g.(1)We are looking forward into the future.我们展望未来。
(2)Please move a few steps forward so that I can see you clearly. 请往前走几步，以便我看清楚你。
19. faithful adj忠诚的，忠实的，如实的，可靠的 e.g.(1)She is a faithful friend.她是一位忠实的朋友。
(2)Her translation is faithful to the original text.她的翻译忠实于原文。 Faithfully adv.如实地，忠诚低，真诚地
e.g. I promise you faithfully that I will give you a special gift for your birthday. 我真诚地承诺会送你一份特殊的生日礼物。 20. carry out.执行，实施，实现
e.g. (1)The plan should be carried out as soon as possible.计划必须尽早实施。 (2)He failed to carry out his promis.他没有实践他的承诺。 21. at the end of在（某阶段）结束时
e.g.(1)The chairman gave a concluding speech at the end of the meeting. 会议结束时作了总结发言。
(2)The students asked a lot of questions at the end of the class. 快下课时学生们提了很多问题。 22.at all times一直
e.g.(1)A true friend will be with you at all times 真正的朋友会一直陪伴着你。
(2)My parents encouraged me at all times, without which my success would be impossible. 我的父母一直鼓励我，没有他们的鼓励我是不可能成功的。 Language Points
1. One of the important jobs that dogs can do is to guide blind people..
This sentence contains a restrictive relative clause introduced by‖that‖to modify ―one of the important jobs‖. The relative word acts as the object in the clause,so it can also be replaced with which of be omitted.
The infinitive structure here acts as the predicative(表语), More examples: 1)The poor girl‘s wish is to go to school.那个可怜女孩的愿望是上学。
2)To promis too much is to promise nothing.承诺太多也就是什么都没承诺。 3)What we can do is to wait with patience.我们能做的就是耐心等待。
2. There is a school where dogs are trained to do this special kind of work:
Here the ―where‖clause is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb ―where‖ to modify ―a school. The reason for the choice of this relative word is that the antecedent acts as an adverbial of place in the clause. See also Language Points Note 7, Text A , Unit 1 3. But it must also learn to doing things hard for a dog to learn:
The last part of the sentence is an adjective phrase to modify ―thing‖, which can be changed into a relative clause as ―learn to do things that/which are hard for a dog to learn‖.
4. It must learn to refuse to carry out a command that might cause harm to itw owner : It must learn not to obey a command that might be harmful to its owner. Refuse to do sth: to show strong unwillingness to do sth.More examples:
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1)Casey refused to speak.凯西拒绝说话。
2)He refused to answer my question.他拒绝回答我的问题。
That might cause harm to its owner: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by ―that‖to modify ―a comman‖. Here the relative word‖which ‖cannot be omitted because the antecedent acts as the subject in the sentence.
5. It will often have to decide whether to obey its master or not:
The object of the verb‖decide‖is a ―wh-word+infinitive‖construction which, if complete, can be ―whether it should obey its master or not‘. See also Language Points Note 1, Text A , Unit 1
6. At the end of the training , the dog is tested to make sure it is ready to be fully responsible for a blind person: When the training comes to an end , there will be a test for the dog to check whether it can do the job of guiding a blind person. Be ready to do : be prepared to do . More examples:
1)Are you ready to board the plane?你准备好等机了吗？ 2)She is always ready to help people.她乐于助人。
It is ready to be fully responsible for a blind person: This part acts as an object clause with the introductory word‖that‖omitted.
7. when the dog has passed the test, the blind person who will be using the dog comes to stay at the school for a whole month.
Who will be using the dog: It is a restrictive relative clause introduced by ―who ‘ to modify ―the blind person‖. Here the relative word ―who‖can be changed into ―that‖but it cannot be omitted since the antecedent acts the subject in the clause.
8. And how does the dog know where its master wants to go? Here the ―where‖ clause is used as the object of the verb ―know‖. VI. Focus on Practical Writing
成语是语言文化的一个重要组成部分，具有表述精辟、形象生动、言简意赅等特点。写作或表述时如能正确引用英语成语，将极大增强语言的丰富性与可读性。引用成语时必须注意准确理解成语的意思，切不可望文生义。 例如：（1）go to the dogs指“过潦倒的生活；堕落”而不是“进入狗群” （2）rain cats and dogs指“下倾盆大雨”而不是“天上掉下猫与狗” One sample writing for the writing task in this unit: 1.as cunning as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾
e.g.You cannot turst him. He is as cunning as a fox.你不能相信他；他像狐狸一样狡猾。 2.the sheep from the goats坏人中的好人，中的能人
e.g.The exam is difficult enough to sort out the sheep from the goats.这次考试很难，可以看出考生们水平的高低。
3.wild goose chase徒劳的追求，无益的举动
e.g.There‘s nothing hidden in the attic, this is a wild goose chase.阁楼上没藏什么东西，再怎么找也是徒劳。
4.birds of a feather同类的人，一丘之貉
e.g.I‘m not surprised they are such good friends. They are birds of a feather.他们这么要好我一点也不奇怪，他们根本就是臭味相投。
5.let sleeping dogs lie 不要多事，不要惹是生非
e.g.Mind your own business. Let sleeping dogs lie.管你自己的事，别多事。
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