资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》

Unit 1 safety management system

Accident

事故致因理论 Safety management Physical conditions

安全管理 物质条件

causation

models

Safety officer 安全 Safety committee 安全委员会 Shop-floor

生产区

Unionized company 集团公司 Seniority 资历、工龄 Local culture 当地文化 Absenteeism rate 缺勤率 Power relations

权力关系

Machine guarding 机械保护装置 House-keeping 工作场所管理 Top management

高层管理人员

Human errors 人因失误 Accident-proneness 事故倾向模型

Munitions factory 军工厂 Causal factors 起因 Risking taking 冒险行为 Corporate culture 企业文化 Loss prevention Process industry

损失预防 制造工业

models

Status review 状态审查 Lower-level 低层管理者

Business performance 组织绩效 Most senior executive Supervisory level Safety principle Wall-board

高级主管 监督层

management

安全规则

公告栏

执行计划 危险辨识

Hazard control 危险控制 Intensive study 广泛研究

Organizational performance 企业绩效 Mutual trust 相互信任

Implement plan Hazard identification

Safety performance 安全性能

One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration – that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”

译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明

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、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。

The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management.

译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。

Unit 2 System Safety Engineering

System

safety

engineering

Logical programming

合理的规划

系统安全工程 By-product

System hazard 系统危害 Safety input 安全投入

Inherently safe system 本质安全系统

工程实践

Schedule delays

进度拖延

附带产生的结果

Engineering practice Safety problem Accelerating

快速发展的技术

Safety effort 安全投入 System’s life cycle 系统的生命周期 System effectiveness

系统有效性

安全问题

technology

Concept phase 初步计划阶段 Safety criteria 安全标准 Government regulations 管制 System operation 系统运行 System analysis

系统分析

System design 系统设计 Aid in

有助于

设备说明

Logical reasoning 逻辑推理 Potential accident 潜在事故 Accident cause

事故原因

2d

Equipment specifications

Maintenance plans 维护计划

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Safety problems 安全问题 Work area layout 工业区布局 Educational solutions

教育方法/手段

Development phase 发展阶段 Operation phase

运行阶段

绩效评估

Training sessions 培训会议 Safety

promotion

programs

Performance reviews

Disposal phase 处理阶段 Intuitive process Make decisions

直觉过程 做决定

安全促进项目

Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段 Personnel selection 人员选择 Safety shoes 安全鞋 Safety belt

安全带

Hazard control 危险控制 Protective apparel 防护服 Engineering solutions

工程方法/手段

Safety glasses 防护眼镜 Accident prevention

事故预防

Protective devices 保护装置 Warning devices

报警装置

Technical system 技术系统 Responsible official 负责人

Incorrect interpretation 误解 Hazardous material 危险物质

Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.

译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析，必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实践过程中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。

System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in today’s society. It is based on the ideas

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that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.

译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估，并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管理原则，系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。

The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work involved in a system safety program is in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified.

译文：要想获得所期望的安全程度，所有必须做的工作都应编制成正式的计划。这些计划的目标就是确保系统里的危险被消除，或者使危险在系统生命周期内尽早的得到控制。系统安全计划中的大量具体工作在危险分析的过程中得以执行。通过分析提供的信息，负责人就能选择最安全、最有效的方式来控制被识别出来的危险。

Unit 3 The ergonomics Process

ergonomics process 人机工程过程 MSDs （are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your body’s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(经脉), Ligaments(韧带

),

hourly employee Job sites 工地 Ergonomics 人机工程委员会 Medical management Musculoskeletal 肌肉骨骼紧张性刺激

上层、高层

4d

钟点工

committee

医疗管理

stressors

Joints）由肌肉组织或神经系统引起的伤害或疾病

Upper echelons

Ergonomics input 人机工程投入

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Management

管理承诺/行为

commitmentlow back disorder 腰部疾病 Active

and

passive

surveillance

Manufacturing engineers 制造业工程师 Plant manager 工厂经理 Process engineer Human

人力资源经理 Safety manager Sub-committee

安全经理 分委员会 生产工程师

manager

主动和被动监督 Job stressors 工作压力源 Follow-up

后续工作

resource Ergonomics awareness 人机工程意识 Follows

实现，把…进行到底 Chain of command 指挥链 Hit list

黑名单

through

Overseeing body 监督主体

You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification.

你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，并决定在实际危险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你不把一个已被报告的危险当做一个实际存在的危险时，你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告的危险当做一个真正的危险，并解释原因。这将确保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作。

Unit 4 Hazard identification

Hazard identification

Outcome 后果 Ongoing process Place on 重视 Exposure limit 暴露极限 Ventilation system 通风系统 Budgetary constraint Jobsite

safety

预算约束

inspection

正在进行的过程

危险识别

Accident investigation 事故调查 Labor

management

committee

劳动管理委员会

Accident incidence 事故发生率 Severity rate 严重事故率 Industrial accident 工业事故 Work procedure

工作/操作程序

Walk-round inspection 巡视 Overexertion 用力过度

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工作场所安全检查

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Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症 Extreme temperature Worker-oriented

极限温度

Mitigate 减轻/缓和 Abatement

降低/消除

以人为本的

This approach to hazard identification does not require that someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.

这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特需训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简短的问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康的地方，这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的部分就是对识别的潜在的危险进行分析评估和反馈。赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利是必须的。

Unit 5 What is an OHSMS

OHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系 Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东西 In practice

在实践中

Inter-linked

相互链接

Feedback loop 反馈环 Specific program element Mandatory Arise from

强制的 由。。。引起

详细计划

Allow for 考虑到

Regulatory system 监管体系 Review phase 审查阶段 Specific objective 特殊目标 Corrective action 纠正措施 Be central to 极为重要 Systematic approach

系统方法

Strategic objective 战略目标 Commercial pressure

商业压力

Principal contractor 总承包商 Hybrid method 混合方法 Market-based 基于市场的 Formalised

6d

Systemic linkage 体系联动 prescription

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正式的法规/规定

Mandated principle 明文规定的原则

Stem from

起源于，来自于

Managerialist and participative models经理主导模式和参与模式 bureaucratic model 官僚模式 Top down 由上而下 Trace to 追溯到 Empirical test 经验实验

approach

Mutually exclusive 相互排斥的 Quality levels 质量标准 Expand upon 详述/进一步阐述 Level of achievement

成就水平

Regulatory framework 规章制度 European Union Framework Directive

欧盟框架指令 All-encompassing

包罗万象的方法 Sparingly

少量的

Home grown 国产的/自己制定 Chamber of Commerce and Industry

工商会/工商联 Framing 编制/制定 Emergency planning Planning

计划与职责

and

应急计划 accountability

Performance level 执行标准 Graduating up 逐渐变化 At

the

of

behest

在。。。命令/要求下 Set out

阐述、陈列

Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management systems” can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational interventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology, environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure.

相反，一个可选择来使用的“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术系统理论，该理论强调组织干预，这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参与者的定位及组织结构之间的相互关系进行分析的基础上的。

So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of dimensions relating to method of implementation, system characteristics, and degree of implementation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS effectiveness may need to

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take account of what systems are expected to do. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards? Are they implemented at the behest of management or external OHS authorities? Are objectives the simple ones such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do they include satisfying multiple stakeholders? Are they at an early or established stage of development; and which of several different configurations of control strategy and management structure/style is adopted?

到目前为止，我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性的特征，这些特征与执行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关。这种多样性的变化非常重要，因为它对OHSMS性能的评价和测量有影响。对一个体系的某种特征适合的方法可能对另一个特征不合适。OHSMS有效性的评价需要考虑到底期望这个体系来干什么？它们满足复杂的体系呢还是只是一个简单的设计标准？它们是不是在管理者或者外界OHS权威人士的要求下被执行的？它们的目标是这种简单的（比如减少直接的时间损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机构满意？它们是在处于形成的早期还是在建立时期？采取哪一种不同控制策略的形态和管理结构/形式？

Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene

Industrial hygiene 工业卫生 Physical hazards 物理危害、物质危害

Nonionizing radiation Adverse effects Loud noise

非电离辐射

Power tools

电动工具

Narrow band noise 窄带噪声 Impulse 脉冲

Sound level meter 噪声计 Threshold of pain 痛觉阈 Jet engine 喷气式发动机

Time-weighted average 时间加权平均 Snap 捻手指的声音 Heat stress

热威胁、热应力 四肢 颤抖 辛苦工作

副作用、坏的影响

嘈杂的声音

Chemical bum 化学烧伤 Live electrical circuits 带电电路 Confined space

密闭空间

Hearing loss 听力丧失 Physical

or

mental

disturbance

Extremity Shivering Hard labor

身体或精神障碍 Annoyance 烦恼 Grinder 砂轮机

8d

Fatigued 疲乏的

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Living tissue 活组织 Plastic sealer 塑料密封机 Biological Hazards 生物危害 Mold

霉菌

Disk injuries 椎间盘伤害 Airborne 空中的 On a daily basis Hazard

每天

Standard

Communications

Potable water 饮用水 Sewage 污水 Physical contact Allergic reaction Insect scale Severe pain

身体接触 过敏反应

危害通识规定 Stipulation Trade name

规定、条款 商标名

Hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢 Chemical asphyxiant

化学窒息物质

介壳虫 剧烈的疼痛

手工处理

Central nervous system 中枢神经系统

Manual handling

Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community”.

工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自于工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或使工人或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服”。

Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a job, rest, relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound and is usually a sound that bears no information with varying intensity. It interferes with the perception of wanted sound, and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyance, and/or interfere with speech.

当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常严重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息的声音。它干扰人们对正常声音的辨

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别，可能是有害的，能使人烦恼，并（或）干扰人们说话。

Unit 9 Accident Investigation

Accident Investigation 事故调查 After-the-fact 事实背后的 Take an investigation Fact-finding

寻找事实的过程

保险公司/承保人

进行调查

process

Investigative procedures 调查过程 Fact finding 寻找事实

Operating procedures flow diagrams操作过程流程图

Maintenance chart 维修图表 Bound notebook Physical

disability

or

活页笔记本 chemical

law

Insurance carrier

Place blame 推卸责任 Permanent

total

物理或化学定律 Table of contents 目录 Narrative

叙事的

永久全部劳动力丧失 For simplicity 为简单起见 Accident prevention

事故预防

Counter-measure 干预措施

Investigator collects evidence from many sources during an investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation as well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident, inspects the accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accident scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy sources, and hazardous materials.

调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据，从证人、旁观者及一些相关报道中得到信息，在事故发生后尽快的找目击证人谈话，在事故现场遭到改变前进行检查，对事故场景进行拍照并绘制草图，记录与地形相关的所有数据，并将所有的报道复印保存。记录常规的操作流程图、维修图表或对困难、异常现象的报告等非常有用。在活页笔记本中完整准确的记录。记录事故发生前的环境、事故顺序及事故发生后的环境情况等。另外，记录伤

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者、证人、机械、能量来源和危害物质的位置。

Unit 10 Safety Electricity

Safety electricity

安全用电

电力设备

Electrical shock

电击/电击事故

Electrical equipment Fuse puller

Take chance 冒险 Labored 困难的

Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动 Twitching

颤搐

保险丝夹

Break contact 断开接点/触电 Hot side 高压端 Load side 负荷端 Line side 线路/火线端 Groundfault

漏电保护器

Ground fault 接地故障 Receptacle

电源插座

circuit

interrupt

Ventricle 心室 Artificial respiration Cardio-pulmonary 心肺复苏术

Cardiac arrest 心跳停止 Heart stoppage 心脏骤停 Lockout 上锁 Tagout 挂牌 Bypassing

(hot)conductor

回避/绕过

人工呼吸

resuscitation

Hot bubs 热水澡桶 Underwater lighting 水底照明 Fountains Ungrounded

未接地(高压)导体/火线 Neutral conductor 中性导体 Fault current 故障电流 Load center Panelboard

载荷中心 配电板 人工喷泉

Jammed 卡住的/堵塞的 Ball valves ANSI

球形阀

美国国家标准协会

Color coded 色标/彩色编码 Keyed 键控制的 Rust-resistant 防锈的 Shackle 镣铐/钩链 Kit 成套设备/装备

Branch-circuit 分支电路 CB 一种多功能插座 Plug-in 插入式

Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagout standards. Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable danger tags, tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and information

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on lockout/tagout procedures. Be sure the source of electricity remains open or disconnected when returning to work whenever leaving a job for any reason or whenever the job cannot be completed the same day.

上锁/挂牌成套设备也是可用的。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有必须满足OSHA上锁/挂牌标准的组件。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用的危险标签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁/挂牌相关的信息。无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时，在返回工作的时候都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态。

Unit 11 Machinery equipment safety

Machinery

机械设备安全 Presses 冲床 Lifting plant 起吊设备 Scald

烫伤

破碎/爆炸 临时人员

Equipment

Safety

Enter a contract Power pressure Gearbox 变速箱 Chock 用垫木垫阻 Hot work 高温作业 Cutting/welding 切割火炬/气焊喷灯 Retract 缩回/缩进

Gang or radial drills 排式钻机/摇臂钻床 Lathes 车床 Turret 转台 Flying chips 飞屑 Coolant 冷却剂 Chuck wrench 卡盘扳手 Milling machine Toll cutter

磨削机

torch

签订合同 冲床

Fragmentation Temporary staff

Dumper truck 翻斗车 Power presses 压力机 Lift truck 升降式装卸车 Elevating work platform 升降台

CE marked

CE认证标志

Subcontractor 中间商/转包商 Interlocked guard 联锁保护装置 Jig 模具 Push stick 推杆

Competent person 能胜任安全工作的人

Working order 正常运转状态 Brake function 制动功能

刀具

Grinding machine 研磨机 Peripheral

外围的

Unit 12 Accident analysis in construction

12d

1.1 附件1：ace与GBT19011-2008标准主要差异性分析

Construction work 建筑工程 Ill-health 不健康 Set out

陈述/阐明

屋顶工作

Close-boarded 鱼鳞板

Rough terrain 不平地形 Undulating ground 起伏地 roofer

盖屋顶的人

石棉水泥

Roof work

Erection 安装/架设 Safety hazard 安全隐患 Monetary incentive 金钱鼓励 Regulatory agency 管理机构 Guard rail 防护围栏 Working platform 工作平台 Rooflight sheet

采光屋面板

Asbestos cement

Excavation 挖掘 Groundwork 基础工作 Spoil heap Fenced off

废物堆 用栏栅隔开

Natural ventilation 自然通风 Dense concrete

密实混凝土

Many construction workers are killed or seriously injured during lifting operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer long-term injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as cement and aggregates.

很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机的轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤。更多的工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重的物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状物等）的时候而遭受长期的伤痛。

Unit 14 Hazardous chemical and its identification

Hazardous chemical Physical hazard Respiratory tract

危险化学品

Hepatotoxins 肝脏毒素 Nephrotoxins 肾毒素 Neurotoxins 神经毒素 Mucous membrane 粘膜 Safety hazard 安全隐患 Domino effect 多米诺效应

13d

物质危害 呼吸道

Digestive tract 消化道 Needle stick 针刺 Sensitizer

致癌物质

1.1 附件1：ace与GBT19011-2008标准主要差异性分析

Major hazard 重大危险 Tighter control 加紧控制

Storage and terminal

港口转运油库码头

Unit 15 Fire and Explosions

Firefighter 消防队员 Fire ground

火场

Fire protection 消防 Searing heat 灼热 Physical explosion 物理爆炸 Chemical explosion 化学爆炸 Propane cylinder 丙烷钢瓶 Natural gas explosion

天然气爆炸

Gas main 煤气总管 Oil burner

燃油炉

Gas tank 气罐 Structure fire 建筑火灾 Rule out 排除……的可能性 Shock wave 冲击波 Peak pressure 峰值压力 Cinderblock wall 渣煤空心砖

精品文档word文档可以编辑！谢谢下载！

Ground zero 爆心投影点 Ground shock wave 地表振动波 Gas meter 煤气表 Control handle 控制柄 Rubble 瓦砾堆 Paint store

油漆店

Hardware store

五金店

Fire suppression system 灭火系统 Truss construction 桁架结构 Manhole cover 沙井盖 Popping off

突然离去

Bumper 缓冲器 Squad 抢险队

Mitigation tactics 损失减轻策略 Admittedly 一般公认地/无可否认地 Half measure 权宜

14d