高考必备词形变化规则和练习〔形容词副词和动词〕
注:本表整理收藏了高考要求的形容词副词和动词的规则和不规则的变化，其所附的练习中的词汇全部为全国考纲要求的高考词汇。考生在高考前应熟悉这些词型变化。
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1. 比较级和最高级的构成： 1〕 单音节形容词及少数以er, ow结尾的形容词和副词，在后面直接加 er， est。例如：
great – greater- greatest fast- faster- fastest
clever- cleverer- cleverest narrow- narrower- narrowest
2) 以 e结尾的单音节形容词副词后及少数以 ble ，ple 结尾的双音节形容词副词后只加r ，st。例如：
large- larger- largest able- abler- ablest simple- simpler- simplest
3) 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加er， est：
hot- hotter- hottest fat – fatter- fattest thin- thinner- thinnest red- redder- reddest big- bigger- biggest
4) 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，改y 为i ，再加er， est： easy- easier- easiest early- earlier- earliest
5) 一般的双音节和多音节形容词和副词，在原级前家more、 most构成比较级和最高级：
beautiful- more beautiful- most beautiful carefully- more carefully- most carefully
少数单音节词，如 real, tired, glad, fond, pleased 等也这样变： tired- more tired- most tired pleased- more pleased- most pleased
6)以下形容词与副词strict, friendly 等的比较级和最高级有两种： cruel- crueler- cruelest cruel- more cruel – most cruel often- oftener- oftenest often- more often- most often
7〕有些形容词副词的比较等级不规则：
good - better- best well- better- best bad- worse- worst ill- worse- worst badly- worse- worst many- more- most
much- more- most little- less- least far- farther- farthest far- further- furthest old- older- oldest old- elder- eldest
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二、动词不同形式的变化规则
1. 动词变第三人称单数形式，其规则与名词复数的变化相同： 1) 大部分动词是在其后加s：
absorb- absorbs, accept- accepts adapt- adapts aim- aims abuse- abuses accelerate- accelerates accumulate- accumulates 2) 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词，在其后加es:
access- accesses accomplish- accomplishes attach- attaches 3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，改 y为 i， 加 es：
accompany- accompanies apply- applies clarify- clarifies 2. 动词ing形式
1) 大部分动词是在其后加ing：
work- working apply- applying consist- consisting attach- attaching 2) 以不发音的e 结尾的动词，去掉哑巴 e ，加ing：
advocate- advocating write- writing argue- arguing decline- declining
3) 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ing： beg- begging begin- beginning, commit- committing cut- cutting drop- dropping dig- digging equip- equipping fit- fitting forbid- forbidding get- getting hit- hitting hug- hugging jog- jogging pin- pinning plot- plotting quit- quitting rob- robbing rot- rotting run- running split- splitting spit- spitting stop- stopping swap- swapping trap- trapping win- winning
1〕普通的动词，直接加ed：
consult - consulted cross- crossed succeed- succeeded 2〕以不发音的e 结尾的动词，去掉哑巴 e ，直接加d:
imagine- imagined cycle- cycled compete- competed distribute- 4) 3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，改 y为 i， 加 ed：
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study- studied rely - relied accompany- accompanied apply- applied clarify- clarified terrify- terrified tidy- tidied
4) 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed: beg- begged- begged commit- committed - committed drop- dropped - dropped equip- equipped - equipped fit- fitted- fitted hug- hugged- hugged jog- jogged- jogged pin- pinned- pinned plot- plotted- plotted quit- quitted- quitted rob- robbed- robbed rot- rotted- rotted stop- stopped- stopped swap- swapped- swapped trap- trapped- trapped
5) 大部分常见动词为不规则动词，需要专门记住。
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arise- arose- arisen go- went – gone awake- awoke- awoken grow- grew- grown am/is/ are- was/ were- been, hang- hung- hung 挂 beat- beat- beaten hang- hanged- hanged吊死、绞死 become- became- become have/ has- had- had begin- began- begun hear- heard- heard bend- bent- bent hide- hid- hidden bite- bit- bitten hit-hit-hit blow- blew- blown hold- held- held break- broke- broken hurt- hurt- hurt bring- brought- brought keep- kept- kept
broadcast-broadcast-broadcast/ broadcast- know- knew- known broadcasted- broadcasted lay- laid- laid
build- built- built lead- led- led burn- burnt- burnt / learn- learnt- learnt / burn-burned-burned learn- learned- learned buy – bought- bought lend- lent- lent cast- cast- cast lie- lay- lain 位于 catch- caught- caught lose- lost- lost choose- chose- chosen make- made- made come- came- come mean- meant- meant cut- cut- cut meet- met- met dig-dug-dug mistake- mistook- mistaken do- did – done misunderstand-misunderstood- draw- drew- drawn misunderstood dream- dreamt- dreamt / panic-panicked-panicked dream- dreamed- dreamed pay- paid- paid drink – drank- drunk/drunken picnic-picnicked-picnicked drive- drove- driven put- put- put eat- ate- eaten read- read- read fall- fell- fallen rebuild- rebuilt- rebuilt feed- fed- fed rid- rid- rid / rid- ridded- ridded feel- felt- felt ride- rode- ridden fight- fought- fought ring- rang- rung find- found- found rise- rose- risen flee- fled- fled run- ran- run fly- flew- flown say- said- said forbid- forbade- forbidden see- saw- seen
foresee- foresaw- foreseen sell- sold- sold forget- forgot- forgot/forgotten send- sent- sent
forgive- forgave- forgiven set- set- set freeze- froze- frozen sew- sewed- sewn/sewed get- got- got/gotten shake- shook- shaken give- gave- given
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shave-shaved-shaved/shaven strike- struck- struck/ stricken shine- shone- shone swear- swore- sworn shoot-shot-shot sweep- swept- swept show- showed- showed/ shown swell-swelled- swollen shrink-shrank-shrunk/shrunken swim- swam- swum shut-shut-shut take- took- taken sing- sang- sung teach-taught-taught sink-sank-sunk tear- tore- torn sit- sat- sat tell-told-told sleep- slept- slept think- thought- thought smell- smelt- smelt /-ed,-ed throw-threw-thrown sow- sowed- sown/sowed understand- understood- understood speak- spoke- spoken undertake-undertook–undertaken spend-spent-spent wake- woke- woken spread- spread- spread wear-wore-worn stand-stood-stood win- won- won steal- stole- stolen wind-wound-wound stick- stuck- stuck write- wrote- written 5
