2022年老高考英语二轮复习：题组练(四)

Passage 1 (2021河南许昌一模)

An unmanned Chinese spacecraft left Earth on Thursday on the year-long trip to the planet Mars.The launch marks the 1.space missions yet.

(begin) of one of China’s most important

China’s national space agency launched the spacecraft,2. (call) Tianwen-1,from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch area on Hainan Island.Hundreds of people were

watching and cheering as it 3. (send) into the sky.Once it begins orbiting the planet,a probe (探测器) will leave the spacecraft and attempt to reach the Utopia Planitia area of Mars.They say 4.months.

vehicle will explore the planet’s surface for about three

A successful landing would make China only the second nation to place a spacecraft on the Martian planet.The USA5.would also be the first to 6.the same mission.

(land) eight probes on Mars since 1976.China (successful) orbit,land and deploy (调动) a vehicle in

This is China’s first 7.when a Russian rocket 8.was unable 9.

(independence) mission to Mars.A 2011 mission failed carried a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch,and

(escape) the Earth’s orbit.

In 2019,China’s Chang’e-4 spacecraft became the first to make a landing 10.

the far side of the moon.The Tianwen-1 is the third mission to Mars this year.

Passage 2 (2021浙江台州二模)

My friend has a sweater that her uncle bought in the 1970s.That sweater is still going strong and she wears it everywhere.Well-made,long-lasting clothing is 1.should buy and wear.In reality,however,60% of clothing nowadays 2.

we

(abandon)

within a year of purchase,which produces vast quantities of waste that global landfills (垃圾填埋场) are struggling 3. (absorb).

If we choose long-lasting clothes,it helps solve two key 4. (issue) at once—

over consumption and the declining quality of many clothes in stores these days.A focus on quality would make us likely to pay 5.

(much) for better-made items,which

would reduce the desire to keep shopping,while slowing the demand for fast fashion overall.

You could buy second-hand clothing,too,as 6.lifespan (寿命) of items already 7.you buy something new or used8.

useful way to extend the

(create).But I’ve come to think that whether (matter) less if you commit to keeping clothes

(nature) fibers;the quality counts,of

in use for decades.The same goes for 9.course,10.

it is less important if you throw away clothes within a few months

from time of purchase.The most important thing is to make them last.

Passage 3 (2021山东济南二模)

Robotics is a complex field.But the brothers Sanjay and Arvind Seshan found an early passion for it.In 2014,they started a mission to make 1.robotics by creating a website,2.

easier for others to learn

they teach people to code.

The story started when they were looking for materials for learning how to program,and they 3.they came up 4.adults can learn 5.

(realize) that there was not really anything good online.Then an idea of creating a brief set of lessons from which kids and (easy) to program.

The website started with basic lessons on robotics and coding.But now the lessons can support kids who 6.

(involve) with robotics for years and who want to learn

something new.The brothers thought that one of the reasons why kids liked it 7.(be) that they were being taught by other kids.

The brothers understand that robotics takes 8.recall a project 9.

(patient) and lots of time.They

(call) Pix3l Plott3r,a robot that would print people’s pictures.It

took them two years to get a fully working model,and they made six or more versions.The Seshan brothers’ advice is never 10.

(give) up if something does

not work the first time and to try different ways to solve the problem.

Passage 4 (2021江苏七市第三次调研)

No culture in the world has produced a longer continuous tradition of garden design than 1. of China.Originally,a typical Chinese garden merely 2.(consist)of useful trees planted with the walls around a farmhouse.

In a Chinese garden,a strong belief 3. a sense of unity with nature is required.The concept of its 4. (compose) is to “bring out the rhythm of nature”.It is a place 5. visitors can appreciate the classic beauty with an educated mind and eye.

Plants are not essential to the integrity of a Chinese garden.Rocks and water come first,6. (follow) by architecture,plants,trees and flowers.To the Chinese,their associations were far 7. (important) than looks.Bamboo,which bends in the wind and doesn’t break,symbolizes 8. honorable man.

Irregularity of design is the key to the success of a garden.Just as all other art forms in the Chinese culture 9. (affect) by Confucianism or Daoism,two main 10. (philosophy) in China,so has the Chinese garden.This is reflected in the importance placed on its siting.

答案与解析

题组练(四)

Passage 1

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国“天问一号”宇宙飞船的发射成功以及相关航天知识。

1.beginning 解析 考查词形转换。句意:这次发射标志着中国迄今最重要的太空任务之一

的开始。根据空格前定冠词the可知,此处应填名词形式。

2.called 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国国家航天局从文昌航天发射基地发射了名为“天问一号”的宇宙飞船。call是动词,与所修饰的名词spacecraft之间是被动关系,所以应用其过去分词作后置定语。

3.was sent 解析 考查动词的语态、时态和主谓一致。句意:当它被送上天空时,成百上千的人在观看和欢呼。谓语动词send与主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,因句子为一般过去时,主语是第三人称单数,故填was sent。

4.the 解析 考查冠词。句意:他们说,这架飞行器将在大约三个月的时间里探索火星的表面。根据句意可知,此处表示特指上文提到的事物,需用定冠词限定。

5.has landed 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:自1976年以来,美国已经在火星上着陆了8个探测器。根据句中时间状语since 1976可知,此处应用现在完成时,因主语The USA为第三人称单数,故填has landed。

6.successfully 解析 考查词形转换。句意:中国也将成为第一个在同一任务中成功地运行、着陆和部署飞行器的国家。修饰动词orbit,land and deploy应用副词。

7.independent 解析 考查词形转换。句意:这是中国第一个的火星任务。根据空格后名词mission可知,此处应填形容词作定语。

8.which/that 解析 考查定语从句。句意:2011年的一次任务失败了,一枚搭载中国人造卫星的俄罗斯火箭在发射后出现了问题,无法脱离地球轨道。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行

词Russian rocket指物,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。

9.to escape 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:2011年的一次任务失败了,一枚搭载中国人造卫星的俄罗斯火箭在发射后出现了问题,无法脱离地球轨道。be able/unable to do sth“能/不能做某事”。

10.on 解析 考查介词。句意:在2019年,中国的“嫦娥四号”宇宙飞船成为第一个在月球背面着陆的宇宙飞船。根据句意,结合空格前landing和空格后the far side of the moon可知,此处应表示在月球表面着陆,故填on。

Passage 2

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了由于快时尚的兴起,人们产生了大量的衣物垃圾,这对于环境来说是极为不利的,因此文章呼吁大家购买耐用的衣物,也可以购买二手衣物,实现物品的价值最大化。

1.what 解析 考查表语从句。句意:我们应该购买和穿质量好、耐穿的衣物。分析句子可知,此处为表语从句,从句中的buy 和wear缺少宾语,故用连接代词what。

2.are abandoned 解析 考查动词的语态、时态和主谓一致。句意:事实上,如今60%的衣物在购买一年之内就被遗弃了,产生了大量的垃圾,对此全球的垃圾填埋厂都在努力处理。分析句子可知,本句缺少谓语,abandon与主语clothes为动宾关系,故用被动语态,clothes为集体名词,陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,故填are abandoned。

3.to absorb 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:事实上,如今60%的衣物在购买一年之内就被遗

弃了,产生了大量的垃圾,对此全球的垃圾填埋厂都在努力处理。struggle to do sth“努力做某事”。

4.issues 解析 考查名词的数。句意:如果我们购买耐穿的衣物,在一度过度消费和衣物质量下降的今日,可以解决两个关键问题。two后接可数名词复数,故用issues。

5.more 解析 考查比较级。句意:对衣物质量的关注让我们在高品质的衣物上可能花费得更多,这将减少持续购物的欲望,同时也减慢对快时尚的需求。根据句意可知,高品质的衣物价格更高,此处应用比较级形式,与空后的better-made相对应。

6.a 解析 考查冠词。句意:你也可以买二手衣服,一种可以有效延长物品使用寿命的方式。分析句子可知,way为可数名词,第一次提及,用不定冠词表泛指,useful以辅音音素开头,故用a。

7.created 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:你也可以买二手衣服,一种可以有效延长物品使用寿命的方式。分析句子可知,create修饰items作后置定语,与其为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。

8.matters/will matter 解析 考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意:我意识到,如果你承诺保持衣服使用数十年,那么是否买新的还是二手的都没那么重要。分析句子可知,“whether you buy something new or used”为主语,本句缺少谓语,与主语为主谓关系,故用主动语态,客观陈述自己的观点,用一般现在时,主语为句子,谓语动词用单数,故可用matters ;由于后面条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句需用一般将来时,故也可用will matter。

9.natural 解析 考查词形转换。句意:对于天然的纤维制品也是如此,质量很重要。但是如果买了几个月就扔掉的话,质量就没那么重要。分析句子可知,修饰名词fibers用形容词作定语。

10.but 解析 考查连词。句意:对于天然的纤维制品也是如此,质量很重要。但是如果买了几个月就扔掉的话,质量就没那么重要。分析句子可知,前一句强调品质的重要性,后一句阐述某些条件下,质量就变得没那么重要,前后句属于转折关系,故用but。

Passage 3

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述两兄弟为帮助他人学习编程,创建了一个网站提供教学课程,让人们更容易学习机器人技术的故事。

1.it 解析 考查代词。句意:2014年,他们开始了一项任务,通过创建一个网站教人们编程,让其他人更容易学习机器人技术。此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to learn robotics。

2.where 解析 考查定语从句。此处引导一个非性定语从句,先行词是website,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。

3.realized 解析 考查动词的时态。句意:故事开始于他们寻找学习编程的材料时,他们意识到网上没有很好的东西。and前后要保持时态一致,根据The story started可知,这里也要用一般过去时。故填realized。

4.with 解析 考查介词。句意:然后他们想出了一个主意,创建一套简短的课程,让孩子和成年人可以轻松地学习编程。come up with“提出”。

5.easily 解析 考查词形转换。此处修饰动词learn,应用副词作状语。

6.have been involved 解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在这些课程

可以帮助那些已经接触机器人技术很多年和想学习新东西的孩子们。定语从句的主语who指代先行词kids,与谓语动词involve之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语for years可知此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。

7.was 解析 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意:兄弟俩认为孩子们喜欢它的一个原因是他们是由其他孩子教的。主语为one of the reasons,为单数意义,因此be动词也要用单数,又因这里为一般过去时态,故填was。

8.patience 解析 考查词形转换。句意:兄弟俩明白,机器人技术需要耐心和大量时间。此处应用名词作宾语,patience是不可数名词,故填patience。

9.called 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们回忆起一个被称为Pix3l Plott3r的项目,Pix3l Plott3r是一个可以打印人的照片的机器人。动词call和逻辑主语project之间是动宾关系,此处应用过去分词作定语。

10.to give 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:兄弟俩的建议是,如果事情第一次不成功,那么就尝试用不同的方法来解决问题,永远不要放弃。此处与to try并列,应用动词不定式作表语。

Passage 4

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国园林。

1.that 解析 考查代词。代替前面的悠久的园林设计这件事。故填that。句意:中国产生了世界上最悠久的传统的园林设计。

2.consists 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意:典型的中国园林仅仅由种植的树

和院子的围墙组成。主语是garden,可数名词,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时。故填consists。

3.about 解析 考查介词。根据句意,在中国园林中,人们看重人与自然和谐统一的信念。故填about。

4.composition 解析 考查词形转换。此处空格单词作宾语,故用名词形式。故填composition。句意:这种结合寓意着“彰显自然的韵律”。

5.where 解析 考查定语从句。分析句子,发现缺少状语,先行词是地点,故填where。句意:这是一个能让参观者可以用受过教育的头脑和眼睛来欣赏古典美的地方。

6.followed 解析 考查非谓语动词。 follow是及物动词,后边没有宾语,根据句意:先是石头和水,紧接着是建筑、植被、树和花。故填followed。

7.more important 解析 考查形容词比较级。句意:对中国人而言,他们的联系远比看起来要重要得多。important又是多音节单词,故比较级用more构成。故填more important。

8.an 解析 考查冠词。句意:竹子,在风中弯身而不折,象征着一个高贵的人。man是单数, honorable以元音音素开头,故填an。

9.have been affected 解析 考查动词的时态和语态。由于是一个句子,故缺谓语,主语是复数,culture和affect为被动关系,且根据后面so has the Chinese garden可知应用完成时,故填have been affected。句意:正如别的艺术形式受到儒家和道家的影响……

10.philosophies 解析 考查名词复数。句意:正如别的艺术形式受到中国的两个主要哲学派别儒家和道家的影响,根据空前的two main可知,此处填复数philosophies。