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自锁式颈椎前路椎间融合治疗单间隙脊髓型颈椎病

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・154・ 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志2013年6月第5卷第3期Ch&Ortho/7‘厂Chh Basic绝 l缶床研究 自锁式颈椎前路椎问融合治疗 单间隙脊髓型颈椎病 徐灿华,吴增晖,张清顺,刘才俊 【摘要】目的探讨自锁式颈椎前路椎问融合器治疗单椎间隙脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的近期临床疗效。方 法2010年3月至2011年l2月广州军区广州总医院采用颈椎前路椎间盘髓核摘除、减压、自锁式椎问融合器植 骨融合术治疗单间隙CSM患者39例,其中C, 10例、C , 17例、C , 12例。记录手术时间、术中失血量、住院时 间及并发症发生情况;评估术前及术后3、6、12个月患者视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和日本骨科学会(JOA)评分; 同时测量手术前后融合节段Cobb角和椎间隙高度,判断椎间稳定性。结果手术时间(50土10)min,术中失血 量(30士5)mL,住院时问(4.9士1.2)d,术后均未发现吞咽困难、伤口血肿、呼吸困难等并发症。39例患者获得 随访,随访时问13 ̄26个月(平均17.5个月)。术后3、6、12个月VAS评分、JOA评分、Cobb角及椎间高度均优 于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按VAS评估标准,术后12个月随访时优27例、良10例、可2例,优良率 95%(37/39);按JOA评分标准,术后12个月随访时优21例、良15例、可3例,优良率92%(36/39)。随访过程中 未发现融合器移位、下沉、断裂,术后12个月颈椎过屈过伸位x线片判断椎间稳定率100%。结论白锁式颈椎 前路椎间融合器具有良好的力学稳定性,可有效恢复颈椎生理曲度和椎问隙高度,治疗单间隙CSM具有手术 刨伤小、操作简单、并发症少、住院时间短等优点,椎管减压效果确切,临床症状获得有效改善。 【关键词】颈椎病;脊髓;脊柱融合术;椎间融合器;骨移植 中图分类号:R681.531,R687.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674—666X(2013)03—0154-05 Treatment of self-locking stand-alone anterior cervical interbody fusion for patients with single level cervical spondylotie myelopathy XU Canhua .WU ZenghuL ZHANG Qingshun.LIU Cajun *Department of Sp e Surgery,Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Comman ̄Guangzhou. Guangdong 510010,China [Abstract]Objective To explore short—-term clinical eficfacy of self-locking stand--alone anterior cervical interbody fusion(ACIF)cage for the treatment of single level cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM).Methods From March 2010 to December 201 1,39 patients with single level CSM(c3/4 in 10 cases,C4/5 in 17 cases and DOI:1O.39690.issn.1674-666X.20l3.03.005 基金项目:广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2012B091000161) 作者单位:51()(】1O广州军区广州总医院脊柱外科(徐灿华,吴增晖,张清顺):510200广州中医药人学附属骨伤科医院(刘才俊) E—mail:50 1 3064 1 5@qq.com 生国量 ! 基石出研究杂志 0】3年6月第5卷第3期C&h Orthop JCl/h Bas: ̄Rcs,砌2013 1/o/.5,, ・155・ C5/6 in 1 2 cases)were performed anterior cervical discectomy,decompression,and autologous bone graft fusion with ACIF cage in Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military CommandOperation time,intraoperative .estimate blood loss,hospital stay and complications were recorded;At preoperation and 36,1 2 months after the ,surgery,visual analogue scale(VAS)and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)scores were evaluated,at the same time,Cobb angle as well as intervertebral height at fusion segments were measured.Results The operation time was(50--14 0)min,intraoperative estimate blood loss was(30 4-5)mL,and the duration of hospitalization was(4.9-4-1.2)d.No postoperative dysphagia,wound hematoma,dyspnoea were found.All patients were followed up,with the average time of 17.5 months(13 to 26 months).Compared with VAS score,JOA score, Cobb angle and intervetebral height at preoperation,those at 3,6,12 months after the surgery had improved,the differences showed statistica1 signiifcance(尸<0.05).At 12 months’follow-up,there were excellent in 27 cases, good in 10 cases,fair in 2 cases,with the excellent and good rate of 95%(37/39)according to VAS evaluation standard;As for JOA score,there were excellent in 2 1 cases,good in 1 5 cases,fair in 3 cases,with the excellent and good rate of 92%(36/39).During the follow-up,no cage shitf,sink or breakage had been observed.At 1 2 month after the surgery,cervical X・-ray by flextion-・extension position showed that intervertebral stabilization rate was almost 1 00%.Conclusions With good mechanical stability,self-locking ACIF cage could effectively restore cervical physiological lordosis and intervetebral height.For single level CSM patients,the treatment of ACIF has the advantages of less surgical injury,simple procedure,short hospital stay,which could obtain suficifent spinal canal decompression and improve clinical symptoms. [Key words]Cervical spondylos ̄s;Spinal cord;Spinal usfion;Interbody fusion cage;Bone transplantation 颈椎病是因颈椎退行性变而产生一系列症状 的临床综合征,主要表现为颈肩部疼痛,可伴有 头、眼、耳、心脏、四肢等部位的症状。脊髓型颈椎 病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)是临床 常见的一种类型,早期可采用非手术疗法,但对于 前方,排除后纵韧带、黄韧带钙化或以后方压迫为 主的病例。 1.2手术方法及术后处理 手术在气管插管全麻下进行。患者取仰卧 位,保持头颈部轻度后伸。取颈前横行切口,长度 约3.0~4.0 cm。椎体前缘暴露后,C型臂x线机 颈脊髓受压症状明显、病程较长、保守治疗无改善 且影响正常工作生活的患者,可以考虑手术治 疗。2010年3月至2011年12月我科采用颈椎前 路白锁式椎间融合器治疗39例单间隙CSM患者, 疗效满意,现报道如下。 透视定位,在病变椎间隙上、下椎体各植入定位 针、放置Caspar撑开器撑开椎间隙,以颈长肌内侧 缘为界,用尖刀切除病变间隙前部纤维环,行病变 节段颈椎问盘及后缘增生骨赘切除,充分减压后, 试模选择合适型号的充填白体骨的颈椎前路 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 MC+自锁式椎问融合器(法国LDR公司,图1),用 专用把持器夹持融合器打入椎间隙。C型臂x线 机透视监控融合器不得超过椎体前缘切线,后部 距离椎体后缘3~5 mm,位置准确后,松开Caspar 本组39例患者,男21例,女18例;年龄41~ 75岁,平均年龄55岁。病程0.8~5.6年,平均病 程2.7年。病变节段:C 10例、C , 17例、C 12 例。其中13例患者伴节段不稳。x线片及MRI检 撑开器,取固定嵌片固定下位椎体,再次行C型臂 x线透视确认融合器位置合适,冰生理盐水反复 冲洗伤口,留置引流导管,逐层缝合伤口。 查结果均提示为单间隙CSM,脊髓压迫主要来自 ・158・ 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志2013年6月第5卷第3期C&h Ort ̄opJCl/h Basic Res, 2013 I/o/.5,,No.3 后3、6、12个月VAS评分、JOA评分均较术前明显 改善,Cobb角及融合节段椎问隙高度亦明显恢 复,术后颈椎稳定良好,与传统的白体髂骨块植骨 融合钛板内固定 及国外报道 疗效相似,提示白 锁式椎问融器治疗CSM患者近期能有效维持椎 间稳定性,临床效果满意。 术中需注意的事项主要包括:减压时需在直 视下清除髓核,刮除软骨终板,椎体前后边缘骨赘 要彻底清除,以松解间隙后缘的紧张度,保证椎问 隙高度尽可能恢复;术中选择合适大小的融合器, 于中空区充填自体骨后植入,应使其前部不超过 椎体前缘切线,后部距离椎体后缘3~5 film,这样 可减少对椎前软组织的接触、损伤,提高脊柱中柱 支撑力度,增加与终板的接触面积。 参考文献 [1]Chapman CR,Casey KL,Dubner R,et a1.Pain measurement: an overviewⅢ.Pain,l985,22(1):1—31. 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