音素分类 单音中元音 后元音 合口 双元音 合口 双元音 集中 双元音 清 浊 清 浊 清 前元音 音标书写 音位音长 扁唇形，舌尖抵下齿，依次张大 圆唇，舌悬空中高，依次张大 扁圆唇，舌后缩底高，依次张大 前长后短，前重后轻，首音长三分之二，次音三分之一，从首音滑向次音，一到即止。 [ i: ][ ɪ ][ e ][ æ ] [ ɜ: ] [ ə] [ ʌ] [u:][ʊ][ɔ:][ɒ][ɑ:] [eɪ] [ɔɪ] [aɪ] [əʊ] [aʊ] [ɪə] [ʊə] [eə] [ p ] [ t ] [ k ] [ b ] [ d ] [ g ] [ s ][θ][ f][ ʃ ] [ z ][ ð ][ z ][ ʒ ] [ tr] [ tʃ] [ ts] 元口音 形 不声变 带双振元动 音 口形变 音 摩声擦带音 振动破或擦无音 振动 腔阻成音 爆破1.双唇闭，气冲成音 2.舌尖抵上齿龈，弹舌成音 3.舌后部抵软鄂，咳气成音 1. s z双唇微张，舌尖平近上齿，气流缓出舌齿间， 2. 双唇微张，舌尖平抵上齿龈冲舌成音 3.圆唇微突出，舌尖微上卷近上齿龈，送气成音 4.上齿轻咬下唇，气出唇齿，摩擦成音. 口舌摆好首音音位，尽力发出次音，即可成音 辅音 浊 半元音 [ dr ][ dʒ ][ dz ] [ w ] [ j ] [ l ] [ h ] [ r ] [m] [n] [ŋ] 两清辅音相连，后清变浊， 两爆相连，爆擦相连，前音失爆 前词辅音尾，后词元音头，连读成一词 1. W稍圆突唇舌后抬起，嘴唇滑向两边，振动 2. j扁唇微笑，舌尖抵下齿，舌面贴上鄂，振动， 3. 两音长很短，一出即滑至后音 1.l舌抵上齿龈，稍弯，气出舌两边成音，振动 2.h 嘴唇自然张开，呵气成音，声带不振动 3.r舌关上卷悬中，圆唇稍突，冲舌成音,振动 双唇紧闭，舌尖平悬，气出鼻腔振动 双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气出鼻腔，振动 双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后自然升顶，气出鼻腔， [sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg] [ str] →[sdr] speak spy study star sky school screen street Blackboard bookcase bedside cardboard footbridge Come back tomorrow. I don’t think so. Not at all. There is, on it, in an office ,in English, Get out, all over, first of all, 似摩音 鼻音 语流音变 浊化 失爆 连读
英语国际音标新旧对照表 新 Vowels 元音20个 旧 新 旧 Consonants 辅音28个 i： i: ɒ ɔ 无 变 化 ɪ e æ ɜ: i e æ ə: a: eɪ aɪ ɔɪ ɑ: ei ai ɔi p b t d k ð m n ŋ ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ ə ʌ u: ʊ ə ʌ u: u əʊ aʊ ɪə eə əu au iə εə g f v s l r h w tr dr ts ɔ: ɔ: ʊə uə z j dz 英语国际音标四线三格书写规范 长元音 短元音 双元音 轻辅音 浊辅音 轻辅音 浊辅音 鼻音 半元音 舌侧音 [ i:] [ u:] [ ɜ:] [ ɔ:] [ ɑ:] [ ɪ] [ ʊ] [ ə] [ ɒ ] [ e ] [æ ] [ ʌ ] /eɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɪə/ /ʊə/ /eə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ /p / / t / /dr/ / r/ / k / / f/ / ʃ / / s / /θ/ /b / /d/ / g / / v / / ʒ / / z / / ð / / tr/ / h/ /m/ /w/ / ts/ / tʃ/ / dz/ /dʒ/ / n / / ŋ / / j / / ǀ / 含糊音 / ǀ / 英语国际音标音源练习
一.单元音：vowels（12个）
1.[ i:] A: Tea or coffee? ar: sugar
B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. or:doctor e: me be she he we evening see a:panda about above camera sofa China ee: sweet bee sweep sheep sleep three green e: open ea: meat read leaf sea pea teach eat clean ure: picture ie, ei, eo: piece, ceiling, people 7. [ ʌ] Come to the front on the double. 2.[ ɪ][ i ] His little sister is sitting in the middle. o: son come colour love money i: is English pig fish in fifteen six ship thin u: sun nut jump gum us bus brush e: begin behind jacket basketball supper duck y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny ou: touch cousin country
lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy 8.[ u:] How do you do? You look really cool. rainy o: do who whose ey: monkey money oo: food moon too soon ay: Sunday Saturday Friday ui: fruit juice 比较：1.it--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel u: ruler rude
4. seat—sit 5. tree—trip 6.bit—bee ou:soup 7. sheep—ship 8. deed—did 9. live—leave oe:shoe 10. feed—fit 11. pea—pit 12. rid—read 9. [ ʊ ][u] Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. 13. street—strict 14. sleep—slip o:woman wolf
3.[ e ] Good, better, best. Never let it rest. oo:look good book foot wood classroom Till good is better. And better best. u:bull bullet e: egg bell desk leg red pet then ten pen 10.[ ɔ:] My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer. ea: bread head breakfast a: water ai: again aw:draw strawberry 4.[ æ ] Cat, cat! Catch that black rat! al:ball wall call
a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag flag or:horse morning corn fork or short hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map oor:floor door Compare: au: autumn
1. bet--bat 2. pat—pet 3. bag—beg ar: warm 4. sat—set 5. neck--lack 6. sad—said 11. [ ɒ ][ ɔ] The little pot is so hot. 7.bad—bed 8.dad—dead 9.lad—led o: fox coffee dog shop dog 10. fad—fed doctor long sorry 5. [:][ə:] The early bird catches the worm a: watch what first. 12.[ a:] It’s far to the farm from the park. er: her serve term a: grass glass class plant dance ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt fast father last half
ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain ar: car star arm park March hard garden ear:early learn dark scarf or: word work world au: laugh aunt ear: heart 6. [ ə ] The farmer’s sister is a doctor. er:teacher clever brother dinner father sister
ruler 二.双元音（8个）：
13. [eɪ] [ ei ] Rain, rain go away. [ k ] Don’t kit the kitten.
Little Johnny wants to play. [ g ] A good beginning makes a good ending.
a: cake make name game snake gate [ f ] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh. lazy [ v ] Victor is very clever. ai: rain train wait [ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit. ay:day May play taday way [ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear? ea: great [ ] Thank you for your table cloth. 14.[ ɔɪ ] [ ɔi] Soybean oil is my choice. [ ð ] Those are far and these are near. oi: oil boil coin point [ ] Wash the fish, please. oy: boy toy [ ʒ] pleasure, television 15.[ aɪ][ ai ] Out of sight, out of mind. [ t ] He teaches children how to play chess. i: kite bike nice tiger write idea knife [dʒ] John likes to tell jokes. five [ tr] There’re lots of trucks in the street. y: by cry fly my sky try why goodbye [dr] He likes strong drinks. ie: tie pie [ ts] The students are wearing white shirts. uy: buy [dz] Take away your dirty hands 16. [ əʊ ][ əu] Go and open the window, Joe, 鼻音
and show me the photo. [m] May I have some milk, mum?
o: nose rose poem old over hello [ n] Nora knows the new comer. oa: boat coat soap goat [ ŋ] Lingling is listening to the song. ow: show window snow bowl Compare: n [ n ] ng /nk [ ŋ] 17. [ aʊ ] [au] I found a mouse in the house. in—ink sin-sing thin---thing ou: house mouse mouth trousers about round than—thank son---song ow: flower cow how now down town 摩擦音 18. [ ɪə ] [ iə ] We are near the end of the year. [ h] have hot who whole hate house ear: ear hear tear year Helen holds her hands. eer: deer beer [ r ] read write wrong ea: reallyAre you ready to read? 19.[ eə][εə] Where there is a will, there is a way. 舌边音 air: hair chair pair [ l ] land world little middle castle puzzle ear: pear bear wear What a beautiful bicycle! ere: there 半元音 eir: their [ w ] wall what answer are :careful The homework every week is very hard. 20. [ ʊə][ uə]It’s sure to be good for the tourists. [ j ] yes yellow year your skirt is wet. oor: poor
our: tour February ure: sure pure
三.辅音 Consonants (28个)
[ p ] Practice makes perfect.
[ b ] Barry found a big bug on her bed.
[ t ] Thisis a hat, that’s a cap. [ d ] The doorman told David to go down.
