西方思想经典论文

中国矿业大学外文学院 《西方思想经典》课程论文

姓 名： 程帆 学 号： 12115114

专 业： 英 语 班 级： 英语-12-1班 论文题目：Benevolence and love: Comparison between Confucian and Jesus Ethics

Benevolence and love: Comparison between Confucian and

Jesus Ethics

程帆 12115114 英语-12-1班

摘要：孔子与耶稣在世界文化史上都占有重要的地位。 孔子的 “仁” 与耶稣的 “爱” 作为东西方伦理的核心观念和根本原则， 体现了中西方文化特殊的文化精神与文化性格。 二者在人与人的关系上有一定的共通性， 但在神与人的层面上， 又有着极大的差异性。 比较孔子的 “仁” 与耶稣的 “爱”， 诠释其内在的价值， 辨析其德性的差异， 对于中西文化的交流与发展以及重新构建现代人际关系都具有积极意义。

Abstract: Confucius and Jesus both play a fundamental role in the cultural history worldwide. As the central thoughts and principles in eastern and western ethics,Confucian Benevolence and Jesus Love embody special cultural spirits and characters, which have something in common in man-to-man relations, but enormous with distinctions in God -to -man respect. It plays an active role in occidental-oriental cultural communications and the construction of new modern relations to compare Confucian Benevolence and Jesus Love, interpret their internal values, distinguish their moral differences. 关键词：孔子；耶稣；仁；爱

Key words: Confucius; Jesus; Benevolence, Love

Confucian “benevolence” and “ love”of Jesus as the traditional culture of Chinese and western, which play a role in the formation of Chinese and western national consciousness, national psychology. Confucius and Jesus, ethics in common, to Chinese and western culture are words of convergence, and its profound differences and rules in a sense set the direction for the development of different between Chinese

and western culture. In this paper, in accordance with the Analects of Confucius and The bible, the “benevolence” and “love” is used in the comparison research, trying to find out it two kinds of traditional ethical ideas for the future development of human civilization may be produced positive influence, to the east and west culture mutual fusion and mutual in communication, as well as the modern relationships provide ethics thought .

1 The value connotation of Benevolence and Love

Confucius was the founder of Chinese ideology and culture ,“

benevolence” is the core of Confucianism which is the cornerstone of Confucianism. A Confucianism history is the benevolence to a certain extent the interpretation of history.

First, the basic core of \"benevolence\". \"Love\" is the core of humanity and the principle, \"benevolence\" looks from the origin, from people from the two, proves that the benevolence is extended by the person itself out of the code of conduct, is the understanding of human beings, has the strong humanitarian spirit. \"Love\" refers to a kind of to others takes the attitude of human being itself, itself has the virtue. So, Confucius, referring to the concept of \"benevolence\\"Love\" is the heart of the lover, lover of love.“Fanchi asked the benevolence. Confucius said: “love” “Universal love and benevolence”.These words can explain,benevolence is charity, love of compassion, caring, compassion.

Second, the specific content of “benevolence”. In Confucius’ ideology, benevolence is filial piety, contains many other moral . Confucius believed that filial piety is the first factor of benevolence and essential, is filial piety judge a man benevolence and act of standards. “Brave man don't have to have the benevolence.” “Those who have benevolence are not sorrow.”

Third, the implementation way of “benevolence”. “Benevolence” is not unattainable a fabulously rich residence, but to really is not easy. Confucius thought, “Benevolence” should start from the present case, “to take Pi benevolence the party has also ”. As long as there is a firm ambition, always to pursue, “can have a daily its

force union special” can achieve their ideal, “benevolence and benevolence” Visible, “those difficult at first and then, it may be said Ren yi”..Confucius also from the negative and positive and promising two aspects, puts forward some ways to implement the benevolence. Negative for is: “do as you would be done by.” is the benevolence .Help, just tell the stone. Positive for is: “to Stand and stand, to achieve the talent. ” That is the benevolence which establish people’s talent, as the benevolence must be really sincere. Not sincere real in practice, it can not help more can't stand people's talent. This table Emperor Akihito is a kind of responsibility, an obligation, but also a kind of work altruism spirit of fashion and help others to be better than “do as you would be done by ”Belongs to a higher moral level, is the highest requirement of morality.

Jesus was the founder of the Christian. If the “benevolence” is the soul of Confucianism, so the theme of “love” is Jesus thought. In general, Christianity is a religion of love, all of its teachings are in “love” as the core.

First, the basic content of “love”. “Love”of Jesus can be summarized as “two love”: one is to love God the father, the second is love your neighbor as yourself. “Love God” is to serve God with all my heart. “Blessed are the compassion to others, for they will receive the grace of God”; “Peacemakers , for they shall be called sons of God ”. God’s mercy, peace, therefore, the son of God, Jesus is the messenger of peace, love, the angel of Jesus preaching of the gospel is the gospel of peace, the gospel of love. Love your neighbor as yourself. Neighbors including all the original stranger for you, as long as he has compassion for people.

Second, the unique connotation of “love”. The love of Jesus is God center, because God loves me, and I also want to as God loves me to love others; God love good love, the wicked people will love both friends also love the enemy. Therefore, Jesus said, you have always heard the ancients said no can kill people! If who murder, should by the referee, I would like to say to you: every to his brother’s anger, then by the referee. you have always heard, “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. ” I want to say to you: “don't resist the wicked; And if someone strikes you on the right cheek,

you need to turn to him the other slap. ” You have always heard, you shall love your neighbor, and hate your enemy. 'but I say to you: when you love your enemy to rain on the righteous and unrighteous. If your enemy is hungry, would you like to eat for him; thirsty, give him water to drink. You should not evil, overcome evil with good. Love is patient and kind love is not jealous Love does not boast not proud not self-seeking it is slow to anger is not evil don't like injustice just like the truth; In all things Tolerance always trusts always hopes always perseveres love never fails.

2 Similarities and differences between Benevolence and Love

The “benevolence” and “love” on the premise of common feelings of sexual and advocated “lover”. “Love” is the basic connotation, Confucius “benevolence” requires that the love of others, compassionate to others, respect for others. First start from the filial piety, then extended to the average person in the society, all “universal love”, and finally achieve “Bosch in alms to the people” is the ideal state. “Love” is the core of Jesus thought, though “love” has many forms, but must be a kind of heart, from the soul, to give love .

The differences embodied in the following respects ：

First, the nature of different sources: Confucius’s benevolence is rooted in human nature and ethics; Jesus’s love comes from God and the divine. Confucius, while acknowledging there is something beyond, can decide the fate of the world “mandate of heaven”, but he also thinks the kernel is rooted in the inner of humanity .So, Confucius’s “benevolence” based on human nature, based on consanguinity and ethics as the base, with himself as the center outward radiation, gradually from parents love, love children, love brothers and sisters and then extended to relatives, friends, and then extended to love and love is not met .

The love of Jesus comes from God and the divine. According to the bible, this love is from God, because God himself is love: that we ought to love one another, because love is from God, has the compassion, is born of God, and know God. Do not love do not know God, because God is love.Furthermore, because we are children of

God, God loves us, so we should love God’s creatures. So, the love of God is planted the seeds of love, of all humans is a motive force of the people’s love, it is beyond the sanctity of human nature, there is no such sanctity, love has not the base of final.

The second difference is the manifestation: Confucius’s “benevolence” is love there is poor, the pecking order. Jesus’s universal love is no such as love, love all beings .Confucius makes it clear that, people should according to each other and their relationship and treated differently to different people. To honor person, expensive and their loved ones, to love, deep to Benedict; To humble, low, and the blood to alienate people, to love in the back, feeling weak .

Jesus’s love is universal love, the “love your neighbor as yourself” commandment is to love all beings without poor, people should ignore thickness of the feeling of universal love and mutual love. Jesus “love” to break its predecessor Judaism only love Jewish compatriots, the adversary and the definiteness of love, but love object is extended to all mankind (believers), become a kind of universal love. Regardless of the benefits to the love, regardless of the grievances, regardless of the secular, gain and loss, but in order to be acceptable to God, so it transcends the boundaries of the state, nation and blood, no arithmetic, no level.

Third, the way of realization is different.Confucius \"benevolence\" rely on own efforts; The implementation of Jesus \"fraternity\" depends on the grace of God.Now that \"benevolence\" is the result of itself, so to realize benevolence, the key depends on our own efforts, without the gift of God. As long as our main initiative, it can realize benevolence, anyone could have through their own efforts and achievements in the science of uniting the benevolence.

The source of the love of Jesus now that is God, the implementation way and of course cannot be separated from God. People only by their own efforts is impossible to achieve realization of love, they must rely on God in the form of a “gift”. What human only can do is a positive response to the call of God, beyond reality, and focus

on the pure, the exaltation of the soul of mind, to achieve the unselfish love of God. Only in this way, people can get rid of the nature to get real hope of rescue .

3Conclusion

Confucius’s “benevolence” and “love” of Jesus are an important part of Chinese and western ethical thoughts, they all played an important role in history. Once established by Confucius benevolence laid the groundwork for the spirit of Chinese culture and opened up the direction; Jesus ethics legal mechanism on western society, welfare, culture has also had a profound influence on many aspects, such as education. Although they are the product of the same era, unavoidably bring history and class limitation, but both by its unique value system and discourse system, with its unique universal love brings love to the fierce competition of society, for the apathy of communication and understanding of the society created a new atmosphere, this regarding to create a new, modern harmonious interpersonal relations, regulating between man and nature, man and society, and the relationship between human and itself has the enlightenment.

Admittedly, Confucius’s benevolence and Jesus’s love have a certain difference, but the difference is not equal to quality, in our age today, the competition of different cultures and splendor, to re-examine Christianity and Chinese traditional ethics in positive ethical values, doesn't mean relative merits. It should be said that in western Christian ethics ----“love” and the Confucian ethics ----“benevolence”, should be different, to be short. Therefore, we must rely on traditional implementation ancient and modern fusion, the good and discard the dregs; based on the reality of Chinese and western elements, to the Ming and his dark, take him long to repair the short of

this. Only so, can set up a new universal significance to the virtue of the world, which is the fundamental purpose of communication between Chinese and western culture.

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