高中英语阅读理解基础测试题题库

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.

In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.

A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times—likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death.

Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. \"Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,\" she says, adding that bats also \"control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes.\"

However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,\" Stepanian says. \"We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.\" （1）Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _________. A. bats prefer colder weather B. bats delay their reproduction C. warming affects bat migration D. radar can be used to observe bats （2）Joy O'Keefe discovered that _________. A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasons B. bats' earlier migration might harm farming C. insects' reproduction helps to spread disease D. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier （3）What does the last paragraph want to tell us?

A. Wind speed and direction affect bats. B. It is difficult to observe and track bats. C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier. D. Further research on the cause is necessary. （4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Bats' habitats B. Endangered bats C. Bats' schedule D. Bats, our good friends 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）C 【解析】【分析】

【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,’ she says”奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊·奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.”然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的“But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Whether you are a national or an international student, we welcome you to Middletown University. Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses. What do they cost?

Costs for our coursers vary considerably. Click on each department's homepage for more information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for those in the sciences and education. SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW BA in English Language and Literature

The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate features of the English language, and to see how these are expressed in literature. As well as taking core modules which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.

Duration: three-year course Course: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.

Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars

Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades Diploma in teaching

In the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher. In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely practical. Duration: one-year course

Course: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).

Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation Requirement: first degree in specific subject area （1）What is Middletown University famous for?

A. Academic and vocational education. B. Traditional teaching methods. C. Distance-learning courses. D. Face-to-face communication. （2）What do the two sample courses have in common? A. They both last for three years.

B. They both require students to hand in essays. C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules. D. They both favor students with interest in the subject. （3）What is the main purpose of the text? A. To advertise certain online courses. B. To stress the need for distance learning. C. To introduce distance-learning techniques.

D. To suggest a way of pursuing further education. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据BA in English Language and Literature部分中的”Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和Diploma in teaching 部分中的”Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“可知这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交文章。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.“我们在提供传功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Fallingwater is a house built over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Frank Lloyd Wright, America's most famous architect, designed the house in 1935. It instantly became famous, and today it is a National Historic Landmark. In-Depth Tour

The tour is best if you desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children nine years and older may be accompanied by adults on this tour. $65.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) Daily from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Guided House Tour

This tour features all the major rooms of the house and lasts about one hour. Photography is not permitted during this tour. The Guided House Tour allows children six-year-old and older to enjoy the house with their parents. Adults —$20.00 with advance purchase —$23.00 when purchased on site

Youth (aged 6-12) —$14.00 with advance purchase —$17.00 when purchased on site Brunch (早午餐)Tour

The guests join their guide for brunch before they leave. Children nine years and older may be accompanied by adults on this tour. Please allow three hours in total for this experience. $115.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) May through September- Saturdays & Sundays at 9:00 a.m. （1）What can we know about In-Depth Tour?

A. The ticket is available on site. B. It is not available at 9:30 a.m. C. Visitors are forbidden to take photos. D. The number of visitors is not limited. （2）How much will a couple with a girl aged 8 pay if they buy the Guided House Tour tickets in advance?

A. $34 B. $63. C. $40. D. $54. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一栋建在宾夕法尼亚州西南部瀑布上的房子——流水别墅。

（1）考查细节理解。根据In-Depth Tour部分中的”Daily from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.“可知，In-Depth Tour在每日上午十时至下午四时之间开放。由此可知，早上9:30是不开放的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Guided House Tour部分中的”Adults —$20.00 with advance purchase“成人- $20.00，预购；以及”Youth (aged 6-12) —$14.00 with advance purchase“6-12岁的青少年- $14.00，预购，可知，一对夫妇带着一个8岁的女孩买导游房的门票需要花费$20.00*2 +$14.00=$54.00。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要主准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Shark attacks not only disturb beach activities, but can affect associated tourist industries. Shark nets are a common solution to preventing shark attacks on beaches, but they cause dangers to sea ecosystems.

Seeking a cost-effective way to monitor beach safety over large areas, we have developed a system called Shark Spotter. It combines artificial intelligence (AI), computing power, and drone (无人机) technology to identify and warn lifesavers to sharks near swimmers. The project is a cooperation between the University of Technology Sydney and The Ripper Group, which is pioneering the use of drones—called \"Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers\"—in the search and rescue movement in Australia.

SharkSpotter can detect sharks and other potential threats using real-time aerial imagery. The system analyses video from a camera attached to a drone to monitor beaches for sharks, send warnings, and conduct rescues. Developed with techniques known as \"deep learning\Spotter system receives imagery from the drone camera and attempts to identify all objects in the scene. Once certain objects are detected, they are put into one of 16 categories: shark, whale, dolphin, rays, different types of boats, surfers, and swimmers.

If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action. In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, trapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.

In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.

We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers. This unique technology combines dynamic video image processing AI and advanced drone technology to creatively deal with the global challenge of ensuring safe beaches, protecting environments, and promoting tourism.

（1）A Shark Spotter is ________.

A. a solution to monitor sharks B. an equipment to identify lifesavers C. a technology to prevent shark attacks D. a project to pioneer the use of drones （2）When a shark is spotted near a swimmer, the system will ________. A. take timely action B. analyze the visual data C. classify the identified objects D. turn on \"deep learning\" mode （3）The example in the 5th paragraph shows us that the system is ________. A. efficient in saving lives B. effective in detecting sharks C. smart in driving sharks away D. practical over the whole sea area （4）What is the author's attitude towards the future of SharkSpotter? A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Negative. D.Objective. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击的技术Shark Spotter的工作原理以及重要意义。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action.“如果鲨鱼被发现，Shark Spotter会在电脑屏幕上显示视觉讯号，并向操作员发出听觉警告。操作员确认了警告，并从鲨鱼观测者系统向冲浪救生员发送短信，以便采取进一步行动。可推断出Shark Spotter是一种防止鲨鱼袭击的技术，故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a

lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, trapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.“在紧急情况下，无人机配备了一个救生浮选舱和一个电子防鲨器，当游泳者遇到严重麻烦、被困在裂口或附近有鲨鱼时，可以将防鲨器放入水中。可知当在游泳者附近发现鲨鱼时，系统会及时采取行动，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段”In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.“2018年1月，西太平洋小开创者救生员队(Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers)被用来营救两名在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯海德(Lennox Head)被困的年轻游泳者。这架无人机从距离救生站800米的海滩上飞下来，一个救生浮筒从无人机上掉了下来。整个营救行动耗时70秒。可推知第五段的例子告诉我们这个系统在拯救生命方面是有效的，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers.“我们相信Shark Spotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。可知作者对Shark Spotter的未来持乐观的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is damaging our planet and transform it into something solid, making it much easier to store.

Carbon capture isn't new, but previous methods call for the gas to be compressed into liquid and then injected underground. Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks. Instead, in a study published in Nature Communications, the group details their sustainable and cost-effective plan for transforming CO2 into coal.

This new process involves a liquid metal catalyst(催化剂)that is efficient in conducting electricity. CO2 gas is dissolved in a container with some liquid. Once electricity charge is introduced, the CO2 begins to turn into solid pieces of carbon, which can be collected and stored. What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature. Previous experiments have only shown a gas to solid conversion at extremely high temperature, which made it impossible on a large scale. Now, the researchers are hoping that their work will be used to create even further when it comes to carbon storage.

In an interesting side benefit, the solid carbon also works as an electrode(焊条), which opens up a world of possibilities. \"A side benefit of the process is that the carbon can hold electrical charge, becoming a super battery, so it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles,\" explains Dr. Dorna Estrafilzadeh, a researcher. \"The process also produces fuel as a by-product, which could also have industrial applications.\"

（1）What can we know about the previous carbon capture methods? A. People have to inject liquid to the gas. B. The previous methods can be done easily. C. The previous methods are not very popular. D. People have widely accepted previous methods. （2）What is the special part of the new method? A. It needs electricity to make the process efficient. B. It can be done in any kind of container. C. It doesn't need extreme temperature. D. It can produce much solid carbon.

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The method will make fossil oil disappear. B. The method will influence the future industry.

C. The method will make developed countries more powerful. D. The method will be used to make new vehicles. （4）What is the best title for the passage? A. How to change carbon into CO2. B. A new carbon capture technology. C. A new technology to get useful carbon. D. Australia makes the world cleaner than before. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“which opens up a world of possibilities； it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles和 which could also have industrial applications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide ”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter! Global Canvas Children's Art Competition Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture. Advena World Children's Art Competition

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks

The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium. Progressive Young Artists Awards

Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture

PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling. （1）Which of the following favors the environment?

A. Advena World Children's Art Competition. B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition. C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest. D. Progressive Young Artists Awards. （2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?

A. A dream car. B. A scholarship. C. A tour of a factory. D. An amount of cash. （3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition? A. It has no fixed theme. B. It has an entrance fee. C. The prize is a scholarship. D. Its participants are the youngest. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health, according to a new study published in the journal Child Development According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found. \"Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood, \"the authors, led by Rachel K, Narr, a postdoctoral student focused on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote. A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. \"My hunch(预感)was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way,\" Narr told Quartz. \"Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other.\" Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.

And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. \"As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,\" study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement. （1）What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship? A. Excellent performance in high school. B. A larger group of friends.

C. Mental health by early adulthood. D. A large social network in the future. （2）What can we learn about the past research? A. It attached great significance to adolescent friendships. B. It was totally different from the new research. C. It helped improve teenagers' mental health.

D. It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.

（3）What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits? A. Not continuing to have a close relationship. B. Having a best friend in high school. C. Understanding the world of social media. D. Knowing how to build a close friendship （4）What did the researcher Joseph suggest?

A. Learning to use social media. B. Broadening your social circle.

C. Improving the skills of making friends. D. Concentrating on high-quality relationship. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\"‘As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,’study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.”研究报告的撰写者之一Joseph Allen在一份声明中说:“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。”可知，研究人员Joseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house in Allentown, Pennsylvania, when they got a call from one of his daughters, \"The house next door is on fire!\" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl hysterical (歇斯底里的)on their porch.

\"The baby's in there!\" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then , instinctively ran inside. \"The baby\" was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman's granddaughter and a playmate of Surrell's three youngest kids, then 8, 10, and 12. The other two on the porch were Tiara's aunt and cousin.

Entering the burning house was like \"running into a bucket of black paint,\" Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been hazardous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (慢性阻塞性肺疾病), they were life-threatening. He was the last person who should have run into a burning building--- he has lung disease. But that didn't stop him.

After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. \"Where is Tiara?\" he asked desperately.\" The second floor.\" her aunt shouted back.

Surrell knew he couldn't hold his breath for long. So he uttered a little prayer, \"Well, Lord, this is it. You gotta help me, because I'm not coming out without that little girl.\" Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time.

The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar layout to his, he found the stairs and made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath.

\"Baby girl, where are you?\" His throat and lungs burned as if he'd inhaled fire instead of the smoke and soot in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. ①.Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An ominous thought crossed his mind: I'm probably gonna die up here.

Finally he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him. ②Her body was limp and she wasn't breathing. He scooped her into his arms and stood. He felt the heat of the flames on his cheeks. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch.

③. A voice told him, \"You have to breathe for her.\" He started CPR -the first time he'd ever done so. The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a soot-filled cough came from Tiara's throat. Surrell gave five more breaths. She coughed again. Her eyes flickered. He gave one final breath. She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.

④.Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, \"Uncle's got you.\" Soon after, his throat closed off.

Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns to his

windpipe and the upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways. \"It's a small price to pay,\" he says. \"I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought.\"

（1）Michael Surrell ran to save \"the baby\" mainly because______. A.he was on the scene casually B.he was driven by instinct C.his daughter was in danger D.his own house was at risk

（2）Why should Surrell be the last person to run into a burning building? A.The fire department had been called. B.He was years old at that time. C.The condition was life-threatening. D.He had chronic pulmonary disease.

（3）In the course of rescue, Surrell______. A.had to move out for breath because of smoke B.was prevented by the overwhelming smoke C.made it to the second floor without any trouble D.could clearly hear the sound made by the baby

（4）Which blank could the sentence \"Then a weak but distinct voice emerged\" be best put in? A.① B.② C.③ D.④

（5）From the last paragraph, we can learn that______. . A.Surrell came back to life a week later B.Tiara had to stay in hospital for weeks C.Surrell's disease became more serious D.Tiara needed further extra medication

（6）What can be a suitable title for the passage? A.Breathe for Her B.Struggle to survive C.A small price to pay D.A man with lung disease 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）A （5）C （6）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不后悔。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then , instinctively ran inside.”虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去，可知Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里instinctively本能地是instinct的副词形式，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“but for Surrell, who has chronicobstructive pulmonary disease （慢性阻塞性肺疾病），they were life-threatening” 但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath.”在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell不得不出来喘口气，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。 第一个空前“All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood.” 他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项A“Then a weak but distinct voice emerged” 然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句“Still unable to see” 还是看不见，承接选项A“一个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还是看不见人，故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition.” 大火加剧了Surrell的肺部疾病， 可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了，故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“A voice told him, ‘You have to breathe for her.’ He started CPR ... She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.”可知，Surrell给女孩做人工呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用breathe for her做主题引申Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga(海藻) that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.

The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists

well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.

In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores of North Carolina, eighty-one fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.

Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.

（1）The author uses \"enormous\" in paragraph 2 to stress that . A. the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and area B. what the researchers do is highly respected by scientific community C. the research work is complex because a large area must be covered D. a large amount of money for the Sargasso Sea research is needed

（2）It can be inferred from the phrase \"needed to be done\" in paragraph 4 that the author thinks .

A.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more study B.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystem C.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a problem and needs removing D.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantly （3）The text is mainly about . A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic Ocean B.different habitats of sea animals C.methods of information collection D.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。南大西洋渔业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕捞。这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。

（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem”一种信息收集方法还不足以让科学家准确地了解在这个生态系统中发生了什么，可知作者在第2段中使用了“enormous”一词，是为了强调研究工作很复杂，因为必须覆盖很大的区域。故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“before scientists understand how to best protect the

Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife”在科学家们了解如何最好地保护马尾藻海以及如何救助这么多重要的野生动物之前，还需要做进一步的研究。可知从第4段“need to be done”一词可以推断，作者认为马尾藻生态系统值得我们关注，需要更多的研究。故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea.”虽然整个海洋构成了一个生态系统，但在其中发现了许多较小的栖息地，包括北大西洋沿岸的一个被称为马尾藻海的开放水域栖息地。以及文章内容为关于马尾藻海的一些研究说明，可知文本主要是关于作为一个完整的生态系统的马尾藻海。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

If you're a fan of smart technology, you may have had some sleepless nights lately. That's because Alexa, the artificial intelligence (AI) behind US company Amazon's Echo smart speakers, has been \"letting out an unprompted (自发的),creepy (令人毛骨悚然的)cackle for no apparent reason, according to BBC News.

Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh.

\"Every time Alexa laughs, an angel dies,\" Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk joked on social media.

On March 7, Amazon released an update that fixed the problem, saying that the laugh was caused by Echo devices mistakenly thinking that users had said the command \" Alexa, laugh\". However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine. With the rise of artificial and robotic technology, \"Digital machines started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other area that used to be particularly human,\" wrote Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their book The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. They believe that AI will \"do more and more, and our lives will get better\".

However, ever since the earliest days of AI there have been concerns that some day, software will take over the world, leaving the fate of humans unknown.

\"With artificial intelligence we are order the demon (魔鬼)Musk told students during a meeting at MIT in 2014. \"If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it's probably that. So we need to be very careful

Many scientists have shared the same concern. The late British physicist Stephen Hawking said at a technology conference in Portugal in November that \"computers can. in theory, imitate human intelligence, and exceed it ••• AI could be the worst event in the history of our civilization.\"

If creators are to safely control AL however, Hawking suggested that they \"employ best practice

and effective management\".

I am an optimist and I believe that we can create AI for the good of the world,\" he said at the conference. \"We simply need to be aware of the dangers, identify them, employ the best possible practice and management, and prepare for its consequences well in advance.\" （1）What does the underlined word \"cackle\" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A.movement B.laughter C.scream D.story

（2）The story of Alexa is intended to . A.lead into the discussion about humans and AI B.prove artificial intelligence has its weaknesses C.inform readers of the development of AI D.show how Alexa's problem was fixed

（3）According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee, which statement below is probably TRUE? A.The development of AI could threaten our survival one day.

B.Digital machines have complete ability to recognize something without mistakes. C.Robots will never match humans in complex communication. D.Humans lives will be greatly improved with the help of robots. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Man VS. Machine B.Time to Control Rise of AI C.Creepy AI

D.AI: The Biggest Threat 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点，提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。

（1）考查猜测词义。根据第二段中的\"Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh.\"可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。此句中的\"laugh\"与文章第一段中的划线词\"cackle\"意义一样，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情，再根据第五段中的\"However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine.\"这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的\"They believe that AI will \"do more and more, and our lives will get better\".\"可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力，这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话，告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险，要做好充分的准备。B项符合文章中心思想。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．（2019•全国Ⅱ）阅读理解

“You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.

I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”

I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.

Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.

In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?

（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn't good at sports.

C. She just doesn't want to volunteer. D. She's unable to meet her schedule. （2）What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean? A. Encourage team work . B. Appeal to feeling. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. （3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids. C. She'll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper. （4）Why does the author like doing volunteer work?

A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy. C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards.

【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙，在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务，从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。

（1）推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段，如果没有其他人自愿的话，我会去做的。”在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜测的，所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent 可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C。

（2）词义猜测题。A、鼓励团队协作；B、诉诸情感；C、促进良好行为；D、提供建议。前一句提到She may just need a little persuading（她也许只是需要一点儿劝说），所以“我又尝试了并……”，后一句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长，故答案为B。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的描述organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way，“那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间，发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款，并最终成为了团队中一个成员”，可知这位家长成为一个得力的助手，让其他的家长有时间去准备下一个赛季的事情。故答案为D。 （4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后的provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good可知因为志愿工作带来快乐，故答案为B。

【点评】考查对文章的理解和词义的猜测。在通读短文的基础上紧扣问题，利用关键词在文中定位，认真分析。

12．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?

It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.

The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so \"yesterday\" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in \"post-industrial society\" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.

Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the \"digital divide\" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether

this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a \"borderless world\". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.

Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. （1）Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________. A. a lack of confidence in technology B. a slow progress in technology C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources （2）The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________. A. take people's essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people C. ensure that each child gets financial support D. provide more affordable internet facilities

（3）What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B. Believing that the world has become borderless. C. Ignoring the power of economic development.

D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. （4）What can we learn from the passage? A. People should be encouraged to make more donations. B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D. Economic policies should follow technological trends. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. ”可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.”可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第五段“In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a \"borderless world\". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.”可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多取消了关于界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据第三段“The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so \"yesterday\" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in \"post-industrial society\" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.”可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能被新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解 Dance Classes Ballet

Ballet teaches grace, posture(姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet items(物品),expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classical ballet practice. The class is a formal ballet class. Age 8-10

September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020

10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday Creative Movers

Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun. Age 3-5

September 7, 2019-January 18, 2020 9:00 am-9:45 am on Saturday Jazz

Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional jazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample(示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students' personal dance goals. Age 5-6

September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020 2:00 pm-3:00 pm on Saturday Hip Hop

Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including popping, locking, breaking and totting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop instructors are highly knowledgeable and will provide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance. Age 7-10

September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020 1:00 pm-2:00 pm on Sunday

（1）Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?

A. Ballet. B. Creative Movers. C. Hip Hop. D. Jazz. （2）What can students do in the jazz class?

A. Make use of all the ballet items. B. Learn the long history of jazz. C. Dance with famous modern jazz dancers. D. Get to know jazz-style movements. （3）What is special about the hip hop class?

A. It is open in the afternoon. B. It is available on Sunday. C. It teaches traditional dances. D. It has the most skilled teachers. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Creative Movers部分中的”Age 3-5“可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Jazz部分中的”Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms

and movements.“可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据文中”Ballet(10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday) ;Creative Movers(9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday)“;”Jazz( 2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday)“;”Hip Pop(1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday) “可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而Hip Hop课是在星期天上课，这就是它独特的地方。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The battery's power consists of living bacteria.

Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.

\"Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage,\" Choi says. \"They are cheap and self-repairing.\" What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places — such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.

This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes (微生物) produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running.

Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the anode and cathode (正负极). They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.

（1）What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries? A. They are mainly used to run smartphones. B. They use bacteria to generate electricity. C. They are used to decorate small devices. D. They take a much shorter time to recharge. （2）What can the paper-based batteries do?

A. Power tiny devices. B. Lower blood sugar levels. C. Produce much electricity. D. Change chemicals in the paper. （3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A. The application of the new battery. B. The characteristics of the paper batteries. C. The intention to invent the device. D. The working principle of the invention.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries? A.Defensive. B.Optimistic. C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.\"这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places\"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的\"This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes（微生物）produce electricity as they digest food\"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们\"Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells\"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them\"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。作者用到beauty\"优点\"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

A bra (胸罩) that can be used as a gas mask. Hitting beer bottles over peopled heads. How to turn tequila(龙舌兰) into diamonds? These are just some of the themes for this year's Ig Nobel prizes—the most unusual scientific award ceremony in the world. And the winners are... The chemistry prize went to Javier Morales from the National University of Mexico for his research into how to make diamonds from tequila. He used a pressure container to do this.

The public health prize was awarded to Elena Bodnar of Illinois, for patenting a bra that can be changed into a pair of gas masks. “It was inspired by the Chernobyl nuclear accident,\" said Bodnar, who is originally from the Ukraine.

The physics prize was awarded to Katherine Whitcome at the University of Cincinnati and colleagues. They looked into the question of why pregnant women don't fall over.

The veterinary(兽医的) medicine prize was awarded to Catherine Douglas and Peter Rowlinson of Newcastle University's school of agriculture. Their research showed that giving cows names such as Daisy increases their milk production. \"It's the highlight of my career, ' said Douglas. \"The work amused the public, but it also addressed a serious problem about the welfare of animals.

The peace prize went to Stephan Bolliger and his colleagues from the University of Bern in Switzerland. They did experiments to discover whether it's more painful to hit someone on the head with a full beer bottle or an empty one. 'Empty beer bottles are stronger than full ones,' the researchers reported.

And the economics prize went to the officials of four Icelandic banks (Kaupthing bank Landsbanki, Glitnir bank and Central Bank of Iceland) for demonstrating that tiny banks can be rapidly transformed into huge banks, and vice versa.

It's nice to think that this amazing research is getting the attention it deserves! （1）What prize did Javier Morales win? A.The chemistry prize. B.The physics prize. C.The public health prize. D.The economics prize.

（2）Why was the public health prize awarded to Elena Bodnar? A.Because he got inspiration from the nuclear accident. B.Because he knew how to change tequila into diamonds. C.Because he patented a bra that can be used as a gas mask. D.Because he found out why pregnant women don't fall over.

（3）According to Paragraph 5, what will happen when cows get names? A.They will produce more milk. B.They will grow more quickly. C.The public will feel amused.

D.A serious problem will become amusing.

（4）How did people feel the veterinary medicine prize? A.Puzzling. B.Amusing. C.Disappointing. D.Confusing. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，搞笑诺贝尔奖是世界上最不寻常的科学颁奖典礼，并介绍了一些搞笑的诺贝尔奖项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ The chemistry prize went to Javier Morales.（化学奖颁给了Javier Morales。）” 可知Javier Morales 赢得了化学奖。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The public\" health prize was awarded to Elena Bodnar of Illinois, for patenting a bra that can be changed into a pair of gas masks.”公共健康奖授予伊利诺伊州的Elena Bodnar，以表彰她发明了一种可以变成防毒面具的胸罩。可知,Elena Bodnar被授予公共卫生奖是因为她发现胸罩能被用做防毒面具并获得了专利。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Their research showed that giving cows names such as Daisy increases their milk production.”他们的研究表明，给奶牛起Daisy这样的名字可以增加它们的产奶量。可知,给牛起名字会增加牛奶的产量。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“The work amused the public, but it also addressed a serious problem about the welfare of animals”可知,人们认为兽医医学奖很有趣。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

America is well known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York.

Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans live alongside third-generation Greeks and first-generation Koreans, all united by a common feeling of pride in their American identity. However, they are also proud and curious about their ancestral roots. National Geographic's Genographic Project, also known as the Human Family Tree, set out to trace the origins by examining their genetic makeup using a simple DNA test. What interested them more was something that intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry. One recurring theme among immigrants seems to be the hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their descendants now feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too. Here is one Queens resident's story. Richard, 38

My great-grandfather Tomas came to America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother had died, and his father remarried. Tomas didn't like his stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California. Then one day he saw an announcement in a newspaper that was read by immigrants. It was from his brother in New York who was also seeking his fortune in America and was looking for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an emotional reunion in New York, where Tomas subsequently settled. This is the story that my grandmother has passed down to us, to my parents, and all my aunts and uncles. She is an amazing woman and I suppose: the one who holds us all together. She's actually quite forgetful now, but she never forgets family details. What that has meant is that all of us have a strong family bond and a strong sense of belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to steered here.

（1）What is special about Queens? A. Conflicting ethnic minorities live here. B. Many foreigners like to travel to this place. C. The pronunciation varies from person to person. D. Many different people and cultures are gathering here.

（2）What does the \"one recurring theme\" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A sad experience. B. A common subject. C. An unknown topic. D. An unusual quality. （3）Which of the following can best describe Tomas? A. Brave and independent. B. Tough and honest. C. Talented and persistent. D. Kind and hard-working. （4）What can we know about the immigrants from the text? A. They are ashamed of their roots. B. They feel attached to their family. C. They can't fit in with the new surroundings. D. They are less interested in recent generations. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，美国是一个种族和文化的大熔炉，尽管移民在美国生活了几代，但他们仍对自己的祖辈感到骄傲和好奇。祖辈的努力和牺牲让他们有强烈的家庭归属感，也激励着他们更加努力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“America is well known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York.”可知，美国是不同种族和文化的大熔炉，但这种多样性在纽约的皇后区最为明显，即：皇后区汇集了不同种族的人和文化。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“One recurring theme among immigrants seems to be the hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their descendants now feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too.”移民中……似乎是为了建立新生活他们所付出的努力和牺牲，以及他们的后代应该感到有责任通过努力工作来纪念他们的努力。联系上下文，可知这是很多移民谈到的话题，故推测划线部分的意思是“一个共同的主题” 。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California.”可知Tomas没有买票一个人坐上了到美国的轮船，到了美国后身无分文在火车站找了一份工作，这些体现了Tomas的勇敢和。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“What interested them more was something that intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry.”和最后一段中的“She's actually quite forgetful now, but she never forgets family details. What that has meant is that all of us have a strong

family bond and a strong sense of belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to steered here.”可知美国移民对他们祖辈的历史更感兴趣；Richard的祖母忘不了家庭细节意味着他们有强烈的家庭纽带和归属感，即这些移民看重家庭以及对家庭的依恋。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。