名词、数词和主谓一致
抽象名词与个体名词的转换 ①—I’d like____ information about the management of your hotel, please. —Well, you could have ____word with the manager. He might be helpful A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a 具有动作意义的抽象名②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词） 词加用与某些动词（如：A. a B. an C./ D. the have等）连用，表示某一③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词） 次短暂的动作 A. a B. an C./ D. the 类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try ①Many people agree that___ knowledge of English is a must in____ international trade today. A. a, / B. the, an C. the, the D. /, the 表示知识和时间的抽象a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况) 名词转换为普通名词时give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) 可以用来表示其中的一have a knowledge of shorthand (有速记的知识) 部分 ②If there were no examination, we should have ______at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time ①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise 抽象名词转换为普通名C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 词可用来表示“一次、一②She looked up when I shouted. 阵、一种”具体的行为、A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 事件、现象或结果。这时其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some 名词前往往有形容词修unpleasant surprise 饰 ③It is_____ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A. so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual 注意： 有些名词的复数有其特殊的意义：
papers报纸，文件考卷 manners礼貌、习俗 goods货物 works工厂、作品、著作 looks容貌,外表 glasses眼镜，杯子 greens青菜 times时代，次数、倍数 sands沙滩，沙地 irons脚镣，手铐,熨斗 spirits酒精，情绪 customs海关 letters文学 forces riches财富 wishes祝愿
airs气派，架子,姿态 arms军火 damages赔偿金 compasses圆规 waters水域 woods树林 goods货物 manners礼貌 greens青菜 ruins废墟
give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯 have words with sb. 同某人吵架
主谓一致
1. 不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语----单数形式
To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I bought were three English books. 2. and或both…and----复数(一般) 指同一个人或物----单数形式。and 连接的并列单数主语：no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one, many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词----单数
The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. 3. 定语从句， 谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 4. 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致。
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 5.集体名词：整个集体-----单数；集体的成员----复数
His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor.（四班）
6. a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词，分数、百分数 和A large/small percentage of/ a large quantity of+名词，谓语动词由名词决定 -1-
注意：large quantities of +名词, 无论名词可数不可数，谓语动词都用复数形式 a great deal of/a large sum/amount of+U名，谓语动词用单数形式，large amounts of +U名, 谓语动词用复数 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 注意：The percentage of+名词----单数 The percentage of students who passed the exam was 60%. a number of +复数名词----复数，但the number of +复数名词----单数。 7. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Between the two hills stands a monument. 8. more, all 等代词看意思。
All can be done has been done. All have gone to Beijing. 9. one and a half+复数名词----单数形式。
10. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 11. “定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人----复数，某一类事物----单数 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 12. 就近一致
there be句型， “or, either …or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also… ,whether…or…” There is a desk and two chairs in the room. Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
13. 就前一致(前面的主语) “with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
It的用法
1. 指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。
2. 指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。
3. 代替不定式，作形式主语或形式宾语(常与feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
等连用)。
4. 代替动名词，作形式主语或形式宾语：
It is no good / no use / useless / dangerous + doing 5. 代替主语从句、宾语从句，作形式主语或形式宾语：
It seems / appears / happens / turns out / proves + that… It is certain / likely / possible / probable + that… We have made it clear that she has nothing to do with the case. 6. 用于强调句：It is / was … that / who…
A student witnessed the car accident at the turning last night. (1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) It is not until +被强调的部分+ that…
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 7. 其他重要句型：
It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that…（should+动词原形） It is said (reported, learned…) that… It is suggested (ordered…) that…（should）+动词原形 It is a pity (a sham) that …（should）+动词原形 It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that...
It occurs to sb. to do / that…：使某人想起…… It is/ has been +一段时间 + since ...+过去时
It will be +一段时间+ before ... It looks ( seems ) as if …
It is no wonder…：难怪 When it comes to…：当谈到…… It comes about that…：发生
8. appreciate, love, like, hate, see to(负责，注意) + it + 从句
29. The population of this area ___100 000. Seventy percent of the population _____natives and the rest __ from China. A．is; is; is B．are; are; is C．is; are; are D．are; is; are
30. Soon after feeling the slight shaking, every man, woman and child ______ about the earthquake that night. A．were talking B．was talking C．had talked D．talking 31. ______ sunshine and rainfall ______ a good harvest of fruits and vegetables this year. A.A large quantity of; promise B.A large number of; promise C.A large quantity of; promises D. Large quantities of; promises
32. (2011山东）There’s a ____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship -2-
