新编大学英语student第三版综合1答案知识交流

Unit 1 Personal Relationships

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension 1 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 C

2 1 killed 2 wounded 3 arrived 4 girl 5 badly / seriously 6 blood 7 none 8 American 9 type 10 orphans

11 French 12 difficulty 13 frightened 14 would 15 cried 16 Vietnamese 17 found 18 understand 19 willing 20 friend 3 Sample

V = Vietnamese nurse H = Heng N = Navy nurse

V: Is it hurting, Heng? H: No.

V: So why are you crying? Is there anything wrong?

H: I’m sad that I will have to leave the world. I’m a little scared before I die. I don’t want to die, but I don’t want my friend to die, either. V: Why do you think you are gong to die?

H: The doctor said unless I gave my blood to my friend, she would certainly die.

V: You must have misunderstood him. You only have to give some of your blood to the girl.

This won’t do any harm to your health. H: Really? Are you sure?

V: Yes. Have a good sleep now. When you wake up, I’m sure you’ll be as strong as before.

V: (to the Navy nurse): He thought he was dying. He misunderstood you. He thought you had asked him to give all his blood to the little girl so that she could live. N: But why would he be willing to do that?

V: Heng, the Navy nurse wants to know why you would be willing to give all your blood to the little girl? H: She’s my friend. Vocabulary

1 reply 2 land 3 supplied 4 wound 5 replied 6 signed

7 wounded 8 supplies 9 sign 10 balancing 11 land 12 balance run: 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 E 5 F 6 B match: 1 D 2 B 3 F 4 C 5 E 6 A

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1 Insert 2 in the balance 3 requests 4 relief 5 let out 6 steady 7 stiff 8 misunderstood 9 limited 10 action Translation

When I knew the details I realized that I should not have lost my temper in the office. I don’t / didn’t know Bob very well, but we go / went out for an occasional drink together.

The meeting is supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to postpone it / put it off. Our government took action to bring / get all the Chinese in that country back to China. Including weekends, there are only 12 more days to buy Christmas presents / gifts. Without immediate action, many kinds / species of wild animals would die from hunger. Part 3

Further Development

1 Grammar Review

Sample

A: Did you hear that Tom failed the English final? He was 10 minutes late for the final because he woke up late.

B: That’s too bad. But he should have asked his roommate to wake him up.

A: Well anyway, he got to the classroom before the listening part finished. But then he found the batteries for his radio were dead.

B: Well, he should have bought new batteries the day before. A: Yes, very true. He then had to borrow two batteries from his classmate. But when Tom was doing the exam, he found there were many words that were new to him.

B: He should have spent more time memorizing new words and phrases before the exam. A: Yes, and then Tom had a splitting headache because he had studied until two in the morning.

B: That’s too bad. But he really shouldn’t have stayed up the night before the exam. A: And what’s more, Tom was so afraid to fail the final that he peeped at his neighbor’s paper. He was caught and would be punished. B: Really? He shouldn’t have cheated on the exam. 2 Vocabulary Review

1 A Though / Although B though C though

A Both “although” and “though” can be used as conjunctions to introduce a subordinate clause of concession (让步状语从句) in which you mention something which contrasts with what you are saying in the main clause.

B “Though” is sometimes used as an adverb. When used as an adverb, it is not used at the beginning of a clause. “Although” cannot be used as an adverb.

C When a clause beginning with “though” ends with a complement or adverb, you can bring the complement or adverb forward to the beginning of the clause. However, when a clause beginning with “although” ends with a complement or adverb, you cannot move the complement or adverb to the beginning of the clause. 2 A reply / answer B answer C replying

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Both “answer” and “reply” can be used as nouns and verbs. With a noun object we use the verb “answer” or “reply to”. e.g. We must answer / reply to these questions as soon as possible.

3 A speaks B speak C talking D speak / talk

You say that someone “speaks” or “can speak” a foreign language. If someone is giving a speech, you say they are “speaking”. If two or more people are having a conversation, you say that they are “talking”. You do not say that they are “speaking”. If you “speak to / talk to” someone, you have a conversation with them. 4 A injured / hurt B hurt / injured C wounded / injured D wounds

You can be “wounded” or receive a “wound” from any attack in which a gun or sharp instrument such as a sword or knife is used. You can be “hurt” or “injured” or receive an “injury”, a) when any other weapon such as a heavy stick or bomb is used, b) in an accident. Both “wound” and “injure” are more serious than “hurt”. Note that “hurt” can be used as an intransitive verb but not “wound” or “injure”. e.g. It hurts when I try to move my leg.

5 A houses B apartment, apartments

A “house” is a building for people to live in and often has more than one level. An “apartment” in American English or a “flat” in British English refers to a set of rooms within a larger building, usually on one level. 6 A aside B apart C aside / apart

Both “aside” and “apart” can be used as adverbs. “Aside” means “away or to the side”. “Apart” means “separated by a distance”. The phrase “aside from / apart from” means a) except for, b) in addition to.

7 A requests B requested C demanded D demands

Both “request” and “demand” mean “ask for sth. or ask sb. to do sth.”. “Request” is more formal and stronger than “ask (for)”. “Demand” is even stronger. If you “demand” something, you feel strongly that you have the right to get it, and will not take “no” for an answer. Both “request” and “demand” can be used as a verb or as a noun. A “request” for something is a polite demand for it. 8 A border B boundary

The word “border” refers to the dividing line between two countries or states or the land near that line. A “boundary” is a precise line marking the outer limits of an area.

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Part 4 Translation and Writing

2 Translation Practice

依靠我吧

Sometimes in our lives we all have pain, we all have sorrow 生活中我们会有痛苦，会有悲伤

But if we are wise, we know that there’s always tomorrow. 然而，聪明的我们明白总有明天（可指望）。 Lean on me when you’re not strong 当你脆弱时，来依靠我吧

And I’ll be your friend, I’ll help you carry on 我会成为你的朋友，会助你继续向前 For it won’t be long, till I’m going to need 因为不会很久，我也会需要 Somebody to lean on. 有个人依靠。

Please swallow your pride if I have faith you need to borrow 假如我的诚信你需要，请收起你的骄傲

For no one can fill those of your needs that you won’t let show. 因为没人能满足你那不表露的需要。

You just call on me, brother, when you need a hand 要帮忙时，找我就是了，兄弟 We all need somebody to lean on. 我们都需要有个人靠一靠。

I just might have a problem that you’ll understand 也许我有个问题正好你明白 We all need somebody to lean on. 我们都需要有个人靠一靠。

3 Writing Sample

When we need help, we should not hesitate to ask for it. There are two reasons for us to do so. First, sometimes in our lives we all may have pain and sorrow, so we all need somebody to lean on. For example, when we are angry, we need someone who is willing to listen to our complaints and to comfort us. Sometimes it is very likely that the one whom you have asked for help may need your help some day in the future. By helping each other, we become friends. The other reason is that no one can help us if we are too proud to let others know what we want. So next time if we have trouble, if we need somebody to lean on, don’t hesitate to ask for help. Likewise, when one day someone else needs our help, lend them a hand or let them lean on us.

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Unit2 Remembering and Forgetting

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 1 brother 2 late 3 land 4 take off 5 noise 6 worse 7 briefcase 8 counter 9 on 10 loading

11 get 12 have 13 claim form 14 delivered / sent 15 airport 16 unloaded 17 never 18 realized 19 flights 20 midnight 2 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F

3 Sample

1 I would say: “I must apologize for the terrible mistake I made with my briefcase. When my brother and I got home, to my greatest surprise, we found my briefcase was lying on the floor in the back seat of my car. So the briefcase you found in Denver must be someone else’s. I’m terribly sorry to have put you to so much trouble. Thank you very much for what you’ve done for me.” 2 The airline workers would have to find the real owner of the briefcase they found in Denver. They also had to apologize to the owner for the late arrival of the briefcase the mistake had caused. Vocabulary

1 1 B

A a journey in a plane

B an airplane that takes people on a particular journey 2 A

A wait for sb.; greet sb. B see sb. accidentally

3 A

A leave the ground and start flying B become successful or popular

4 B

A end or bring sth. to an end

B decide that sth. is true after considering all the information you have 5 A

A any person who B no matter who 6 B

A an opinion or idea

B what you are able to see

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7 B

A examine sth. to make sure that it is safe, correct, in good condition, etc. B leave baggage, etc. ready for shipment

8 A

A say or show sth. in an indirect way

B propose a plan or idea for sb. to discuss or consider 9 A

A an area of land used for a particular purpose B a large amount or number 10 B

A causing physical pain B upsetting or unpleasant 2 1 off 2 in 3 down 4 for 5 of 6 in 7 off 8 on 9 out / in 10 from

3 1 concluded 2 vanish 3 delivery 4 exclaimed 5 display 6 whoever 7 promise 8 agent 9 claims 10 opening

4 1 meet her flight 2 was delayed for an hour 3 watch planes land and take off 4 hurried back 5 couldn’t believe my eyes 6 reminded me of 7 by any chance 8 vanished from sight

9 calm down a bit 10 head for my car in the parking lot

11 glanced over the shoulder of a man nearby 12 happened to 13 shortly after midnight 14 unloaded the car 15 deliver it to her address Translation

1 That song always reminded her of the night she spent in Chicago.

2 There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. 3 All flights to New York today are / were delayed because of the bad weather. 4 Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.

5 When I got home I found my briefcase missing. I must have left it somewhere in the hotel.

6 By the time he had worked 30 years in the middle school, the number of students had increased to over 2,000.

Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review

1 when 2 who / that 3 that 4 what 5 where 6 whose 7 how 8 which 9 why 10 whoever

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2 Vocabulary Review Section A

1 A remember B reminded C remind

You “remember” something by yourself. If someone or something “reminds” you of something or “reminds” you to do it, they cause you to remember it or remember to do it.

2 A number B amount C amounts

The word “number” is used with countable nouns while the word “amount” is usually used with uncountable nouns. When you use “amount” in the plural, you use a plural verb with it.

3 A effect B affect C affect

The verb “affect” means “have an influence or cause a change”. The noun “effect” means “a result or consequence”.

4 A compare… with / to B compared… to C Compared with / to compare… with: 拿……与……相比

compare… to: a) 把……比作 b) 拿……与……相比

Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

1 我正准备去冲杯咖啡，突然听到很响的敲门声。 2 她上午打扫的房子，下午就被孩子们弄得一团糟。 3 他开始是个小职员，后来开了自己的工厂并发了财。 4 我的朋友们都说，如果我当初选择了教师这一职业，我会成为一名优秀的教师。 5 虽然委员会的一些成员并不赞成，但这对他的计划没有什么影响。 3 Writing Sample

Yesterday afternoon I was on duty at the check-in counter. A young man came to me and asked if his briefcase had been turned in. I said no. Then he looked over my shoulder at the conveyor belt and shouted that he saw his briefcase going through the opening at the end of the conveyor belt. I asked him to give me his baggage claim check, but he said he didn’t have one. He was just there to meet a flight. I then asked him to fill out a claim form and called down to the baggage area. Unfortunately, the briefcase had already been loaded on one of the flights and they didn’t know which one. So I took the young man’s phone number and assured him that we would call as soon as we found the briefcase. I promised that we would deliver it to his home address in Sioux City.

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The young man left. About two hours later, we learned that the briefcase was found in Denver. One of our workers called the young man to tell him the good news. To our great surprise, the young man said that he had already found his briefcase! It had been in his car! Now we had to look for the owner of the briefcase that we had thought to be the young man’s.

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Unit 3 More than Words

Exercises

Reading Comprehension

1 1 Introduction (Para. 1)

Body language / non-verbal language is also an important means of communication. 2 Communicating in a foreign language can be difficult if we don’t understand the non-verbal signals of that culture. (Paras. 2-5) For example,

A the gesture of nodding the head (up and down), (Para. 2) B eye contact, (Para. 3)

C the sign of waving the hand, (Para. 4) D personal conversation distance. (Para. 5)

3 Conclusion (Para. 6)

To communicate successfully in a foreign language, we need to master a fifth skill, cultural awareness. 2 1 Because we may not understand the non-verbal signals in its culture, or they may mean something different from what they mean in our own culture.

2 Facial expression, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages. 3 Because he thought the Japanese student was expressing “I agree to buy the machine” by nodding his head.

4 People are expected to look into the other person’s eyes during a conversation. 5 The Asian schoolboy may come closer instead of going away.

6 Because they come from different countries and prefer different conversation distances. 7 It’s the awareness of differences between different cultures. / It’s the awareness of proper behavior in different cultures. 3 Sample

1 • Shaking hands is the customary form of greeting all over the world.

• Hugging and kissing when greeting are common in most Western countries.

• Displaying the index and middle fingers in the shape of a “V” means “victory” or “peace”.

• The “O.K.” gesture is used to mean “O.K.”, “zero”, or “worthless”. • The thumbs-up gesture is used to say “Good job!”, “O.K.” or “Great!” • A person may point to their nose or chest to indicate themself. • A person may pat their head to show that they are thinking hard. • A person may shake their hand to say “No!”

• crossing the forefinger and the middle finger has two meanings: a) wishing for good luck to happen, b) I’m not telling the truth (often done with the hand behind the back to

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hide crossed fingers from view).

2 • eating with your left hand in India; • touching someone else’s head in India; • the “O.K.” sign in Germany and Brazil;

• hugging or kissing a stranger or acquaintance in countries like China; • the thumbs-up gesture in Australia;

• resting the feet on tables or chairs in France; • conversing with hands in pockets in France; • touching or pointing at someone with your feet;

• Under no circumstances should you indicate “O.K.” to a German using your thumb and forefinger to form a circle—that would be considered rude;

• The thumbs-up sign is downright offensive in Iran and many Middle East countries; • In Korea, it is rude to blow your nose in front of people. When talking to someone, keep your hands in full view. It is rude to keep your hands behind your back or in your pockets;

• In Thailand, people point to an object with their chins, not their hands;

• In Japan and America, it is unacceptable for two adults of the same sex to hold hands while walking together. Vocabulary

1 1 B

A one of two or three periods that the school or university year is divided into

B a word or expression that has a particular meaning, especially in a technical or scientific subject

2 B

A the money or income that one has

B a way or method of doing or achieving sth.

3 A

A a gesture, sound or action which is intended to give a particular message

B a series of radio waves, light waves, or changes in electrical current that may carry information

4 B

A a short written or spoken note

B the most important idea in a book, film, speech, etc. 5 A A only

B in a way that is easy to understand

6 A

A the act of communication with a person, organization, country, etc. B the state of touching sth.

7 B

A a long raised mass of water moving across the surface of the sea B a sign of greeting made by raising and moving the hand 8 A

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A the amount of area, room, etc. that is empty or available to be used B the area beyond the Earth where planets, stars, moons, etc., exist 2 1 gesture 2 signal 3 misunderstanding 4 behaved 5 curls 6 rarely 7 means 8 bow / bowed 9 contact 10 facial 11 awareness 12 occur Translation

1 You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience.

2 I spent most of my time studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.

3 The statement is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. 4 He wishes he could give her more help than he does.

5 Remember to invite her to the birthday party, or she would complain.

6 “You have to add $2,500 for equipment purchase / buying equipment to the cost,” said the director.

7 It is important to be aware of your strengths and weaknesses and the environment you are in.

8 You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everybody.

Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review

1 I don’t know whether to go to the movie or stay home to play computer games. 2 They knew / know when to follow the rules and when to alter / change them. 3 Please let us know where and to whom to send these books.

4 I haven’t decided which city to settle in because I haven’t found a job I like.

5 To her, it’s important to know how to form her own views and not to repeat others’ opinions.

6 It’s not that I didn’t want to say anything but I didn’t know what to say that day. 2 Vocabulary Review

1 expanded

expand: become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make sth. do this

broaden: a) increase sth. such as knowledge, experience, or your range of activities b) make sth. wider or become wider

2 sign

sign: an act or gesture used to convey an idea, a desire, information, or a command 示意动作

signal: an indicator, such as a gesture or colored light, that serves as a means of communication 信号，暗号

3 genuine

true: not false, based on facts and not imagined or invented genuine: sth. real, not fake

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4 reward

prize: sth. that is given to sb. who is successful in a game, competition, race, etc. reward: sth. that you receive because you have done sth. good or helpful 5 fault

fault: responsibility for sth. wrong

mistake: sth. that has been done incorrectly, or statement that is incorrect 6 horizons

horizons: knowledge and experience 视野 eyesight: the ability to see 视力

7 habit

custom: a way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time 习俗

habit: sth. you do often and regularly, often without knowing that you are doing it 习惯

8 recognize

realize: understand sth. 意识到 recognize: identify sb. or sth. 辨认出 Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

1 请把货物发到我的住处。 2 总统将在年会上发表讲话。

3 他注意饮食，适量锻炼，现在血压已完全正常了。

4 天气晴朗时这里人流如织，很多人（来这里）只是为了感受热闹的气氛。 5 他因超速被罚款200元，罚金要在半年内交纳。 6 有没有哪类书是你特别喜欢读的？ 7 他不吸烟，对饮食非常挑剔。

8 给我印象最深的是他渊博的学识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。 3 Writing Sample

To solve your problem, you should pay more attention to your communication skills. First, you should be aware of your problem, and tell yourself that it’s very natural for you to feel that way in a new place and among so many people you don’t know. Then you should try to make others understand your position and help you deal with the problem. In order to get others to pay attention to you, you must first learn how to be a good and sympathetic listener. You should concentrate when you listen and do not miss the important points the others say, because our thoughts race much faster than most people speak. Then you should talk more. The ability to talk well is not always easy to acquire. But the more you work at it, the easier it will be. You can also use a

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bit of sense of humor to lighten your conversation. Only when you are ready to talk and listen attentively will you succeed in making a connection with the world around you.

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Unit 4

Fresh Start

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 1 dormitory / dorm room 2 watching 3 freshman 4 wrong 5 biology 6 literature 7 cafeteria 8 stepped 9 dropped

10 ashamed / embarrassed 11 forgotten 12 fate 13 serious 14 matter 15 experiment 16 forgiven

2 1 No, that was just the way the writer felt, because she was self-conscious and shy. 2 She probably wanted to be out of the professor’s view. 3 Most biology majors are serious. 4 A Here “it” refers to “my entire life”. B It was a miserable day.

5 Here “it” refers to the miserable and embarrassing moment.

6 Because she was afraid that other students might recognize her and make fun of her. 7 Dropping the food tray and falling to the ground. 8 Because he took it as nothing serious.

9 Whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whether you show up in the wrong lecture, etc. 3 Sample

• On the afternoon of the day I came to college, I saw my parents off and went back to the campus. I found my dorm and walked in. Settling into my bed as I was tired, I reached for the cup on the desk when I sensed something strange. Two persons in the room were staring at me, puzzled. I can still remember I was a bit shocked at that moment. Who were they? I jumped out of bed, puzzled, too. Why were they staring at me like that? But in a few seconds I realized what had happened: I had come to the right room but the wrong building. I flushed and apologized in a clumsy way. The two guys seemed to be amused. They told me that they were also freshmen and that I was welcome to their dorm anytime I liked. I said thanks and then fled.

• It happened about a week after I came to college. Just as I got out of the library building, I found that I had taken someone else’s bag. How foolish! I hurried back to the library, only to find that the guy was already in the librarians’ office with an angry look. The moment he saw his bag he smiled with relief. I apologized for my mistake and waited for his sharp words. To my surprise, he patted me on the back and said in a friendly way, “Don’t worry, I have made the same mistake, too.”

• I made a serious mistake on my first English test. I forgot to put my name on my paper. My teacher didn’t blame me but told me to avoid repeating the same mistake. It

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was a good lesson for me and I learned to be very careful when it came to details. Vocabulary

1 1 rearing 2 tips 3 settled 4 major 5 lot, lot 6 rear 7 settle 8 major 9 settled 10 tipping

2 1 seriously 2 crashed 3 schedule 4 slip 5 clasps / clasped 6 groped 7 accidentally 8 grinned 9 opportunity 10 hesitation Translation

1 The individuals who have contributed are far too many / numerous to mention. 2 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.

3 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said. It was nothing more than a joke.

4 We invited all our friends to the picnic, but it rained and only five of them showed up. 5 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter.

6 To my disappointment, the movie didn’t live up to my expectations. Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review

Section A

1 When she saw what had happened, she began laugh loudly. (laughing / to laugh) 2 It is important that the work were completed on schedule. (be / should be) 3 I’d have been in bad trouble if Jane didn’t help me. (hadn’t helped)

4 I have to meet Tom in 10 minutes. I’d better to go now or I’ll be late. (go)

5 He has been learning English for a few years but he still speaks as a beginner. (like) 6 I want my son to wear the same clothes like everyone else at the school. (as) 7 He did not even say anything to her, and she did not speak to him too. (either) 8 Only in this way we can catch up with the development of science and technology in the world. (can we) Section B Words Puzzle

Sample 1

1 If I found $100 in the street, I would try to find the owner. 2 I’d be very frightened if someone pointed a gun at me.

3 If I had had enough training, I would be able to do a better job now.

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4 If I had known that you were ill, I would have gone to see you. Sample 2

1 It might rain. You’d better take an umbrella with you.

2 We’ve almost run out of money. We’d better not buy the furniture. 3 You don’t look very well. You’d better not go to work today. 4 The river looks very dirty. We’d better not swim in it. 2 Vocabulary Review

1 living

alive: (cannot be used before a noun) still living and not dead living: (can be used before a noun) alive now

2 find out

find: discover or see sth. that you have been searching for 发现，找到 find out: discover a fact or a piece of information 查明，弄清 3 awaiting

wait: intransitive verb

await: (formal) transitive verb

4 broke up

break out: start to appear; start to happen 发生；爆发 break up: come to an end 分手；结束 5 clapped

clap: strike the hands together in approval 拍手 clasp: hold sb. or sth. tightly 紧握，紧抓 6 intends

intend: have as a plan or purpose 打算；意欲 tend: be likely to do sth. 倾向；易于

7 resource

resource: sth. that can be used to help achieve an aim 资源 source: a place from which sth. comes 来源；出处 8 funds

funds: money 资金

expense: the amount of money that you spend on sth. 花费 Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

“我要告诉任何一个想回到学校的人，事情不像你想的那么难，”卡伦·乔纳特斯说。去年，她47岁，取得了工商管理学士学位，与她女儿一起毕业。她说：“我认识到，没有学位我在事业上难以升职。”现在她是恩迪科特学院的一名行政助理，并且正在攻读组织管理硕士学位。

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一代人之前，像乔纳特斯这般年龄的人在大学里是罕见的。如今，美国教育部估计，大约有600万年龄在25岁或25岁以上的人正在美国的高校学习，大专院校中涌现出300多个成人教育中心。 3 Writing Sample 1

College life is wonderful and rewarding. You suddenly find yourself in a place with so many new things awaiting you. When you go to the classes, you are amazed to find that the world the teachers bring to you is different from the one you are familiar with. Wherever you go, you will meet new friends, who are always ready to help you and discuss questions with you. What’s more, you usually don’t have to take as many tests as you did in high school, enjoying more free time of your own. The extracurricular activities are so varied and colorful that you sometimes simply do not know which to choose. And there are abundant opportunities for you to get to know about society, for example, part-time jobs and volunteer work in the neighborhood. Sample 2

College life is busy and tiring. People often say college is like a heaven, but to me college is just like a hell. It is even worse than my high school. We have to take many more courses, and do much more homework. And the teachers are never available to help us out when we need them. Besides study, we have to do the laundry, shopping and cleaning all by ourselves. Students in college are all smart. Competition here is much fiercer. You can never expect to be the best. The worst thing is that in college you may not have a clear goal. In high school, the college entrance exam was what we were working for. But here, there’s too much for us to read and know, and sometimes we feel at a loss as to what to do and how to do it. College life seems to be something out of our control.

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Unit 5 Animal World

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 Paras. 1-2—C Para. 3—A Para. 4—D Para. 5—E Para. 6—B 2 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 D 3 Sample

• I think animals have a culture. We can easily find facts to support this. For example, animals of the same species can communicate with each other, with language unknown to us humans. We have read a lot of stories about wolves. When a wolf is in danger or hurt by a human, very soon

it will get other wolves in its group to take revenge. Even insects like ants can work together very well. If they didn’t share a language of their own, how could they move something much larger than themselves over a long distance to their nest? Besides, animals such as chimpanzees can use and make tools to get food, and monkeys are found to be able to learn and share behavior. Surely, animals don’t have any religion or law. Obviously, this does not prove that they don’t have a culture but shows that their culture is different from ours or there are limits to their culture.

• I don’t think animals have a culture. Culture is a very broad term. It covers many aspects such as politics, economics, literature, law, and religion. Animals do not have language, at least they do not have a written language, nor do they have politics and economics. It’s true that they can learn and share such behavior as washing sweet potatoes to get rid of sand, but I doubt whether they can learn more complicated behavior. What’s more, scientists only observed this sharing of behavior among certain monkeys. It is known to all that there are many species of animals and that they differ greatly in their intelligence. So how can we reach the conclusion that animals have a culture only because some animals are able to use and invent tools, or share knowledge? Even if animals have a so-called culture, there are limits to their culture. Vocabulary

1 1 handy 2 cultural 3 untrue 4 belief 5 scientist

6 successful 7 religious 8 defenses 9 strength 10 social 2 1 A limit B limit 2 A contact B contacted

3 A attempting B attempt 4 A commanded B command 5 A form B form

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3 1 gesture 2 create 3 abstract 4 individual 5 invention 6 feature 7 make up for 8 remove 9 response 10 rule out 4 1 remove

remove: take sth. away from a place move: change position or place 2 received, accept

accept an invitation: say yes to it receive an invitation: get one

3 allow

allow: let sb. do sth.; permit sb. to do sth. agree: have the same opinion 4 lately

lately: recently

later: a time after the present time

5 shore

shore: the land along the edge of a sea, lake or wide river

beach: a nearly level area of sand or small stones beside the sea or other area of water 6 taught

teach: provide instruction in a particular subject train: give sb. the knowledge needed to do a job 7 object

object: sth. that can be seen and touched

subject: sth. that is discussed, examined or researched 8 attract

attract: draw sb. towards oneself

attack: try to hurt or defeat sb. or sth. using violence Translation

1 I used to go to the cinema a lot, but I never have the time now. 2 The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe. 3 This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.

4 What aspect of your job / work is (the) most difficult, and what aspect is (the) most rewarding?

5 He thought he had already solved the problem, but that was not the case. 6 I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review

1 I never like the way how doctors speak to you. (in which; or delete “how”) 2 I’d like another drink, and so did John. (would) 3 One of the reasons for coming to England are to make money. (is) 4 In those days, the only means of lighting the house at night were oil lamps. (was) 只供学习与交流

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5 It was so a cold night that we stayed at home. (such) 2 Vocabulary Review Section A

1 A agree with B agreed with C agree on D agreed to

If you “agree with” someone about something, you both have the same opinion about it. If you “agree with” an action or suggestion, you approve of it. If two or more statements, ideas, sets of numbers, etc. “agree with” each other, they are the same or very similar (与……一致，相符合). If you “agree to” do something or “agree to” something, you say that you will do it or you allow someone else to do it. If people “agree on” something, they reach a decision or agreement about it. 2 A activity B act C action D act

Both “act” and “action” can be used as a countable noun to mean “sth. that sb. has done.” “Act” nearly always refers to a specific deed, for example, in Sentence B, “act of kindness” is a specific deed having been done. “Action” is usually a more generalized usage, or a process of doing something. For example, in Sentence C, “We must take action” means that we must do something, but it is generalized and does not refer to a specific deed whichmust be done. “Activity” is used for something that is done regularly.

3 A adapting B adopted C adapt D adopt

adopt: a) start to use a particular method or plan采用；b) legally become the parent of another person’s child 收养

adapt: gradually change your behavior and attitudes so that you get used to a new situation and can deal with it successfully 适应 4 A laying B lied C lay D lay

“Lie” (lying, lay, lain) is an intransitive verb, meaning “be in a position in which your body is flat” (躺). “Lay” (laying, laid, laid) is a transitive verb, meaning “put on a surface” or “produce eggs”. There is another intransitive verb “lie” (lying, lied, lied), meaning “say sth. untrue”(撒谎). 5 A weather B climate C weather

The word “weather” means “the climate at a certain place and time, how much wind, rain, sunshine, etc. there is and how hot or cold it is” (天气，气象). “Climate” means “the normal weather conditions of a particular region over a period of time” (气候). 6 A invented B discovered

You use “invent” to say that someone is the first person to think of something or make something. You use “discover” to say that someone finds out about something which exists but which was not previously known. 7 A fun B funny C funny

“Fun” is an uncountable noun. If something is “fun”, it is pleasant, enjoyable, and not serious. “Funny” is an adjective. It describes something that makes you laugh or that

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is strange.

8 A stripped B stripes C stripped

“Strip” can be used as a verb, meaning “remove the covering or parts of” or “take off one’s clothes”. “Stripe” is a noun, meaning “a band of color against a background of a different color”.

Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

1 express one’s feelings convey messages carry heavy loads guide the blind

guard / protect people’s possessions catch pests bring pleasure / happiness to people add joy to people’s life make the world more colorful maintain the balance of nature 2 Dogs are perceived to be humans’ best friends. They are loyal to people and can help people do a lot of things.

3 Cats are graceful, lovely and obedient. They are excellent companions of human beings. People like keeping them as pets.

4 Parrots have very beautiful feathers. They are good at imitating human languages. 5 Monkeys are very intelligent. They can be trained to amuse people by performing different tasks. 3 Writing Sample 1

Dogs are the kind of animal I like best. They are capable of helping human beings complete different tasks. For instance, dogs are trained to pull sleighs, to guide the blind, to guard people’s possessions and so on. Sometimes they are even used in medical service to help treat patients, because of their obedience and great understanding of human beings. Furthermore, dogs can be wonderful companions. They are loyal to their owners. They are quiet listeners when people complain and a source of joy when people are blue. This kind of emotional intimacy between humans and dogs can’t be matched by any other intimacy between humans and animals. No wonder dogs are perceived to be the best friends of human beings, and undoubtedly I consider them my favorite animal. Sample 2

It is a sheer coincidence that my favorite animal is the same as Walt Disney’s. We both like the so-called “notorious” mice, but our reasons are different. As Walt Disney’s legend goes, the mouse he met in his garage played such an important role that it helped him survive loneliness and overcome his mental depression at the beginning of his artistic career. My reason is much simpler—I was born in 1984, and naturally began to like mice (rats). It is true that the mouse has been a symbol of dirtiness and ugliness, and everybody seems to bear a deep-rooted hatred against them. Nevertheless, they are cunning and swift, and some are even lovely. This accounts for why there are people who like to keep mice as their pets. Though rats as a carrier of plague had once brought tremendous disaster to human beings, the interesting thing is

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that the carriers themselves had not been ruined. This has already opened up new fields of study in biology in the hope of exploring human beings’ true physical nature. Nowadays, hundreds of rats die in laboratories every single day in experiments carried out by scientists. In this sense, the mouse’s contribution to the human race has outweighed their destruction to us, which makes me like them still more.

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Unit 6 World of Mystery

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 Part 1 (Para. 1-Para. 6 ); Part 2 (Para. 7); Part 3 (Para. 8-Para. 13) Sample

The passage is well organized and clearly presented. It starts with a detailed description of the accident: When it happened, what the team consisted of, weather conditions of the day, communication between the team and the control tower, and the follow-up search. Then the passage gives a brief introduction of the mysterious Bermuda Triangle. In the third part, the passage lists a few explanations about how these accidents might have happened, from UFOs from another planet to a kind of gas escaping from the seafloor. Finally, the passage tells us what the writer thinks about those explanations.

2 1 Flying saucers or UFOs from another planet.

2 Underwater earthquakes / Geography of the area.

3 The strange magnetic properties of the Bermuda Triangle.

4 Large amounts of methane gas escaping from the seafloor of the Bermuda Triangle. 3 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 4 Sample

1 • I don’t find any of the four explanations convincing. Human errors might be responsible for the disappearances. If pilots or sailors are not fully aware of the area’s hazards or are not experienced enough, this could lead to disasters. Take the disappearance of Flight 19 for example. It’s reported that all of the crewmen on the five planes were inexperienced trainees, with the exception of their commander. But the commander might not have been at his best that day and might have made some mistakes. Maybe the planes got lost and crashed when their fuel was exhausted. • I think underwater earthquakes could be responsible for the disasters, at least for many of them if not all of them. As the text indicates, Bermuda lies on an earthquake belt and we know earthquakes happen frequently in these areas. For example, in recent years, there have been some serious earthquakes in Haiti, Chile, Wenchuan and Northeast Japan. All of them resulted in huge damages and claimed large numbers of human lives. If land earthquakes are disastrous, underwater earthquakes can also lead to serious results.

2 People are interested in mysteries for several reasons. First, curiosity is human

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nature. People are always curious about things unknown to them or phenomena that cannot be explained. Second, some people find their life boring, so they want to have something new and exciting to talk about. Finally, people are worried about problems on Earth and are suspicious of new technologies. Perhaps this leads them to explore the unknown world for possible solutions to the problems on Earth. Vocabulary

1 1 A belief B believable 2 A mysteries B mysterious 3 A mixes B mixture 4 A responsible B responsibility 5 A triangular B triangles 6 A explode B explosion

7 A intelligence B intelligent 8 A discovery B discovered 9 A Normally B abnormal

10 A appearance B disappeared C disappearance 2 1 in 2 on 3 off 4 in 5 into 6 off 7 for / of 8 in 9 about 10 over 3 1 properties 2 similarly 3 as to 4 compass 5 escaped 6 offer 7 trace 8 result in 9 unbelievable 10 exploded Translation

1 Alice’s hard work resulted in a big bonus for her.

2 The plane is going to take off, and we have to fasten our safety belts.

3 A total of 20,000 people visited the museum on the first day it was open to the public. 4 The accident investigation team consisted of 10 experts, with a vice minister as the team leader.

5 All the afternoon he worked on his project in his lab with the door locked. Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review

1 theoretical; might 2 may; describing 3 planets; must 4 could; like

5 shouldn’t; feel 6 may; disqualified 7 civilizations; would 8 can; unsafe 9 needn’t; everyone 10 mixture; would 2 Vocabulary Review

1 A device; B devise; C device 2 A searched for; B searched; C search

3 A responsible for; B responsible; C responsible 4 A same; B similar; C same, same 5 A advances; B advancement; C advanced 6 A example; B sample; C example 7 A possible; B possibly; C possibly Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

1 醉后驾车者严重威胁其他道路使用者（的安全）。 2 你能扼要地向我解释一下它的工作原理吗？

3 她义无反顾地离开了这座她生活了一辈子的城市。

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4 简惊奇地望着我。“你真的要去？”她说。 5 史密斯博士度假期间突然心脏病发作。 6 罗杰的婚姻很美满，还有了两个孩子。

7 西蒙有许多激动人心的点子，他迫不及待地想付诸实施。 8 我们仔细考虑过你的建议。不过很遗憾，我们不能接受。 9 过去50年中社会发生了深刻的变革。 10 这次晚会筹备得很匆忙。 3 Writing Sample

The Sphinx in Egypt is one of the greatest mysteries in history. It has the face of a man, and the body of a lion, and it faces east. It was carved out of a single piece of stone weighing hundreds of tons. Who built it and for what purpose? When and how was it built? It has long been argued that the Egyptians couldn’t have built the Sphinx. An advanced civilization 8,000 to 10,000 B.C. may have built it. Whatever the origin of the Sphinx, it has been a symbol of strength and intelligence of Egyptian culture. The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the western Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico. In the past 100 years over 70 ships and planes have disappeared mysteriously in this area. The most famous disappearance was the loss of Flight 19. Five U.S. Navy planes and 14 men on the planes disappeared without a trace. A search plane was sent and it also disappeared completely. Many theories have been offered to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. Some people believe that the ships and planes were taken away by creatures from another planet. Another theory is that the strange magnetic properties of the area result in the disappearances. The latest theory is that the escape of large amounts of methane gas from the seafloor of the Bermuda Triangle is responsible for the disappearances in that area. But all these theories have yet to be proved.

The Mary Celeste was a large ship that set sail from New York for Genoa on November 7, 1872. She was found abandoned at sea on December 14, 1872. The crew disappeared without a trace, leaving no indication as to why they left the ship. Everything else on the ship was completely normal. A meal was being cooked on the stove and toys for the daughter of the captain were found on her bed. This disappearance of the crew from an undamaged ship remains one of the most famous sea mysteries. There are many theories as to why the crew abandoned the ship. Some relate the disappearance to the Bermuda Triangle, although the ship was not found near that area. Others say the crew were killed by pirates, although there were no signs of a fight.

Do UFOs really exist? Many people claim to have seen UFOs in real life. The first reported UFO sighting in America was made by an airplane pilot in 1947. Some people have even taken pictures of UFOs. But do UFOs really exist? Many of the UFOs sighted have been found to be planes, weather balloons or shooting stars. Others may be explained by optical illusions or people’s psychological desire to interpret the images as UFOs. However, a recent public opinion poll shows that many people think that UFOs do exist, in spite of the lack of evidence.

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Unit 7 Choice of Life

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 Paras. 1-2—D Paras. 3-9—A Paras. 10-13—C Paras. 14-16—B 2 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 D

3 Sample

1 I quite agree with the writer. We would miss many chances if we are afraid to encounter possible dangers or risks whenever we have to make choices. For example, when our teacher asks us to take part in an English speech contest, we may refuse to take part because we are worried that we would do poorly even if our English is good enough. As a result, we would lose the chance and when there is a need for interpreters, no one would consider us. 2 I’ve had some experience of “taking risks”, if they could be considered as risks. After I passed the entrance examination, I told my parents I would like to go traveling alone to Jiuzhaigou. My parents were quite worried because I had never been away from home alone. They were not sure whether I could take care of myself and they imagined there would be many dangers. This kind of thought haunted them and they didn’t want me to take any risks. I spent a long time persuading them to believe that I could cope with whatever happened. Finally, they let me go. It turned out to be an unforgettable experience. Almost everywhere I traveled I met with kindness and friendship. The trip was full of fun and I was really enchanted by the beautiful scenery there. “Risks” like this are too good to miss! Vocabulary

1 1 warning 2 development 3 possibilities 4 alarming 5 mistaken 6 discomfort 7 uncertainty 8 confused 9 anxiety 10 supportive 2 1 if 2 was / am faced with 3 strategy 4 outcome 5 unless 6 inhibit 7 take action 8 confused 9 disapproval 10 creates 3 1 with 2 with 3 by 4 by / at 5 of

6 into 7 about / of 8 like 9 with 10 from Translation

1 My friend said she would consider making a donation to the school. 2 I suggest he think carefully about it before he makes any decisions. 3 John is likely to come to the party tomorrow.

4 It is not enough to have only theoretical knowledge. We should learn how to put theory

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into practice.

5 You shouldn’t have gone back to the burning building—you might have been badly / seriously burned.

6 It had never crossed my mind that there might be a problem. 7 Charles is shy and does not take the initiative in making friends. Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review STEP ONE

Verbs: More verbs besides those in the circle: consent, determine, intend, maintain, move (提议), order, plead, pray, request, resolve, urge (力劝)

Nouns: More nouns besides those in the circle: necessity, preference, recommendation, resolution (决心)

Adjectives: More adjectives besides those in the circle: desirable, natural, possible, probable, strange

STEP TWO

1 (should) attend 2 (should) bring 3 (should) leave 4 (should) go

5 (should) be warned 6 (should) do 7 (should) finish 8 (should) be finished 9 (should) be held 10 (should) have 2 Vocabulary Review 1 A rate B speed C speed D rate

rate: a value, cost, speed, etc., measured by its relation to some other amount (指价值、价格、速度等的) 比率, 速率，费率 speed: how fast sth. happens or is done 速度

2 A payments (指按月付的款) B loan C loan D Payment loan: a sum of money borrowed at a rate of interest 贷款 payment: the money paid

3 A waiting B awaited C awaiting D waiting

await 是及物动词，wait 是不及物动词。await 相当于 wait for。 4 A flesh B fresh C flesh D fresh

flesh: 肉，肌肉

fresh: （食品）新鲜的，（空气）清新的 5 A escaped B escaped C avoid D avoided

avoid: a) try to prevent sth. from happening 防止，避免；b) deliberately not do sth., especially when it is dangerous 避免做

escape: a) get away from a dangerous situation 逃脱，逃离；b) avoid being killed or

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seriously injured in an accident or attack 幸免 Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

It was my 14th birthday yesterday. I invited five of my good friends to dinner at a KFC, and one of them is Ding Yi. But to my surprise, Zhang Fang, a guy not on good terms with me, showed

up along with Ding Yi. As Zhang Fang was an unexpected guest and was not welcome actually, I didn’t pay for his meal. Later I told my parents and grandparents what had happened in the KFC. My parents said it was acceptable, but my grandparents were quite unhappy with what I had done. My grandparents held the opinion that it is a traditional Chinese virtue to be hospitable. They thought that being present at dinner, Zhang Fang was showing his willingness to start a good relationship with me. Therefore, I shouldn’t have turned my back on him. In my opinion, however, what I did was quite justified. Whether I should pay for his bill was a matter of principle. If I had paid the bill for Zhang Fang, should I pay the bill for any other classmate showing up without being invited? 3 Writing Sample 1

In my opinion, Wu You was right not to pay the bill. In the first place, he didn’t invite Zhang Fang to dinner. If he had paid the bill for Zhang Fang, should he pay the bill for any other classmate showing up without being invited? In the second place, Zhang Fang is not on good terms with Wu You. If he had been one of Wu You’s good friends and Wu You had just forgotten to invite him, then his arrival would be welcome, and Wu You should pay for his meal. Also, if Ding Yi had invited Zhang Fang to dinner, Ding Yi should pay for his friend.

In a word, it’s a matter of principle, and I think Wu You’s practice is quite acceptable. If I were Wu You, I would not pay the bill, either. Sample 2

I think Wu You should pay the bill for Zhang Fang. No matter whether he had been invited or not, he was there to celebrate Wu You’s birthday. Maybe Zhang Fang wanted to take the chance to start a good relationship with Wu You. Then Wu You’s paying for his meal would be a timely reaction to Zhang Fang’s initiative. Besides, it is a traditional Chinese virtue to be hospitable. It is said that you should rather go hungry yourself than let your guests go hungry. And everyone present is your guest. Anyone who comes to celebrate the birthday should be welcome. What’s more, it would be a small amount of money after all. Wu You could afford it. So I think Wu You is too willful and not considerate enough in this case.

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Unit 9 Holidays and Special Days

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension 1

For

1 It is fun for children.

2 It gets you out of the usual routine. 3 People are friendlier.

4 Giving presents can be very satisfying.

5 One can concentrate on non-commercial values.

6 It is a time to pause and reflect. 7 The preparations, like decorating the house, are fun.

8 It is a time to be with friends.

9 There are all kinds of delicious foods.

10 It’s a holy day.

2 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 C 3 Sample

1 The subtitle “More Stuffing” is a play on words. The verb “stuff” has several meanings, but there are two that come to mind at Christmas time. First, “to stuff” means to overeat (to eat too much); second, “to stuff a chicken or a turkey” means to put stuffing (a mixture of bread and seasonings) inside before it is cooked. So in this case, the subtitle “More Stuffing” means “Do you want to stuff more into your stomach?” and “Would you like some more stuffing?” The latter is a polite question one would ask at the dinner table. The subtitle “Not Only for Children?” means that Christmas is not only a wonderful time for children but also for adults. It can also help adults get out of the ordinary routine of life. 2 • I agree with Patrick Brendan. I think Christmas is a waste of money. People spend

Against

1 It is an unchristian, and purely alcoholic occasion.

2 It is a waste of money.

3 People don’t think about others who are less fortunate.

4 It is a wasteful and thoughtless ceremony. 5 It’s all “humbug” or hypocritical.

6 People eat too much or eat food they don’t want.

7 It’s disappointing for poor people who can’t afford to spend a lot of money.

8 It is no longer a religious celebration, and it has lost its meaning.

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a lot of money on food and presents. All these lead to a lot of waste. When people indulge themselves with good food and beautiful clothes, they rarely think of those who are poor and less fortunate. Every year they celebrate Christmas in the same way, spending, eating, and drinking. The real meaning of Christmas has nearly been lost in the commercialization. At the same time, Christmas causes sadness and depression for those who cannot afford to buy what they need, not to say luxury items.

• I agree with Lynne Knight. After working all the year, people do need a time for relaxation and family reunions. Christmas is just the time for these purposes. When all the family members get together, eating the food they like and chatting with each other, presents are no longer important. It is love and friendship that people value most. It is also significant to have a holiday for people to express kindness and goodwill to others. If people are too busy to do something for others at other times, Christmas will be the best time to show love and kindness. In addition, holidays that make children happy will make adults happy too. 3 We can make Christmas more meaningful and less commercialized by practicing the following:

• Set aside some time well before Christmas to make arrangements for the holiday: gatherings of family members, relatives and friends to show love and kindness.

• Give creative cards and gifts. We can make the Christmas cards ourselves. Put our pictures on a cardboard and write season’s greetings on it. We can give handmade gifts to our family members, relatives and friends, or buy useful but inexpensive gifts, for example, give a book to a friend who loves reading.

• Celebrate Christmas with what you have: your knowledge and imagination, combined with the resources at hand. For example, “sing” a Christmas song with sign language at parties or gatherings.

• Write a letter to each of the people you’d like to remember and list five things you love about them.

• Include in your celebration those who could not afford to celebrate the holiday. Share the joy of your Christmas with senior citizens living alone, international students who couldn’t go back home for the holiday, etc. Vocabulary

1 1 A childish (having a manner unsuitable for a grown-up 幼稚的，傻气的) B child

C childhood

D childlike (of or typical of a child, especially having a natural lovable quality 孩子般的，天真的) 2 A Commercially B commercial C commerce D commercials E non-commercial 3 A exciting B excites C excited D excited E excitements

4 A satisfied B satisfy C satisfaction D satisfying E satisfactorily

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2 1 B

A the way sb. feels at a particular time, for example if they are cheerful or sad 精神状态

B (especially BrE) a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky or brandy 烈酒 2 B

A adj. at an event, or in a place 在场的，出席的 B n. sth. given or received as a gift 礼物

3 B

A spend time with sb., especially sb. that other people disapprove of 结交，交往 B connect (people, things or ideas) together 把……联系在一起 4 A

A having a lot of experience in life and good judgment about things such as art, fashion, etc. 有经验的，老练的

B (of a machine, system, method, etc.) that is very cleverly designed and very advanced and often working in a complicated way 复杂的，精密的 5 A

A n. the usual and normal way in which you do things 常规 B adj. usual; ordinary 常规的 6 A

A vi. come near

B n. a way of dealing with a person or thing 7 B

A depend on

B move or bend your body in a particular direction 8 A

A no matter what

B any other(s) of a similar type

3 1 fried 2 boiled 3 steamed 4 roasted 5 baked 6 toasted fry: cook food in hot fat or oil 煎，炸

boil: cook food in boiling water 在水中煮沸 steam: cook food in steam 蒸，煮

roast: cook food over a fire or in a hot oven 烤，烘

bake: cook food using dry heat, in an oven（在炉中）烘，烤，焙

toast: make (bread, cheese, etc.) brown by holding it close to heat 烤（面包等） Translation

1 The topic of the speech was announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker was not.

2 It seemed incredible that some students played football just before the exams. 3 Mr. Auden is a happy man, who derives pleasure from helping others.

4 Most people are aware of / have realized the need to reduce energy consumption. 5 First of all, you must have clear goals and then a practical plan.

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6 I’m not accustomed to such luxury. It’s a waste of money. 7 The results of the exam will be put up on Friday afternoon.

8 Some cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science.

Part 3 Further Development 1 Grammar Review

4 everyone ends up laughing 6 everything froze 10 dogs and cats froze when they went outside, and birds fell out of the sky, frozen solid 12 people’s words froze whenever they tried to talk 17 nobody could carry on a conversation 18 everything became unfrozen all at the exact same minute 19 everyone became deaf 2 Vocabulary Review

1 getting / falling / going / running into debt 2 acts of kindness

3 ordinary routine of life 4 just in time for

5 traditionally reserved for

6 In addition to traditional exercises 7 environmentally harmful

8 in the peaceful comfort of a home / in a peaceful and comfortable home 3 What Do You Know About the Traditional Chinese Festivals? Sample

Apart from the Spring Festival, some of the traditional Chinese festivals are: New Year’s Day (January 1st, Solar Calendar)

Lantern Festival (January 15th, Lunar Calendar, 元宵节);

Pure Brightness Festival (Grave Sweeping Day) (April 5th, Solar Calendar, 清明节); Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th, Lunar Calendar, 端午节); Mid-autumn Festival (August 15th, Lunar Calendar, 中秋节); Double Ninth Festival (September 9th, Lunar Calendar, 重阳节). Part 4 Translation and Writing 2 Translation Practice

1 get together for a family reunion 2 set off firecrackers

3 receive money in red envelopes as a lunar New Year gift

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4 eat niangao and zongzi

5 put on your Sunday best / new clothes 6 watch CCTV New Year’s Gala 7 sleep until late next morning 8 enjoy delicious food

9 play computer games all night 10 guess riddles written on lanterns 3 Writing Sample 1

My favorite holiday is the Spring Festival, or the Chinese New Year. On the eve of the Spring Festival, the whole family gather together at the dinner table to enjoy food prepared for this special occasion and talk with each other. After dinner, the elders give their children money (put in red envelopes) as New Year’s gift. During the Spring Festival, people visit their relatives and wish each other “Happy New Year”. Throughout the Spring Festival, everyone is much friendlier and kinder than at any other time of the year, and you can feel the world is filled with love. Children love Spring Festival most because they can eat delicious food, wear new clothes, set off firecrackers and have a good time. And young people often go shopping or go to the parks together, or they stay at home and watch TV. There is a peaceful and happy atmosphere everywhere. Sample 2

The Spring Festival is my favorite holiday. It is a time for family reunion. I go back home to join my family. I also love to travel with my classmates, friends or relatives during this time.

The Spring Festival is a time for dinner parties. People eat a lot and drink a lot. So it can also be called a stomach holiday. Chinese New Year food varies from place to place. It includes the well-known jiaozi, zongzi, niangao, yuanxiao and tangyuan, in addition to chicken, duck and meat. Each family must have fish, because having fish each year, in Chinese, means having more than what is needed or used in the family. After the most important dinner on New Year’s Eve, the great majority of the Chinese people will watch the New Year’s Gala on CCTV. At this time people can enjoy performances by well known actors and actresses, comedians, singers and dancers. Young people also enjoy setting off firecrackers and fireworks in the open. People enjoy their beautiful colors and patterns, and probably the noise too. All these contribute to the excitement of this special holiday.

The Spring Festival is also a time for people to express their good wishes to each other. Everybody seems much friendlier than usual and people feel closer to their family and are kinder to their friends and neighbors. That’s why I love the Spring Festival most.

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