考研语法长难句复习指导第6讲
长难句之平行结构 类型
一、名词、词组、介词短语的平行 二、动词（谓语/非谓语）的平行 三、句子的并列平行
一、名词、词组、介词短语的平行 例：
I’d like to buy an apple, two pears, three oranges and four watermelons. 我想买一个苹果、两个梨、三个橘子和四个西瓜。
He is a student at college, an athlete in the national team and a journalist in the local television station.
他既是一名在校大学生，也是一名国家队的运动员，还在当地电视台做记者。 The water flows into rivers, into lakes, into seas and into oceans. 水流入小河、湖泊、大海和海洋。
（2017 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 3）
There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line”, whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.
总有一种害怕落后于人的担忧萦绕在社会上一直存在的一种“冲向终点的比赛”之中，不管这比赛的终点是考取研究所，进入医学院还是有一份赚钱的职业。
（2017 年考研英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 4）
Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.
不得因为个人或团体提供活动捐款或私人礼品，就在提供信息或安排会
见上有所偏袒。
（2017 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 4）
Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited”.
他指出，如果意识不到这一点，就会导致“在可行方案的考虑上过于简化，我们对于问题本身及其解决措施的认知也会变得相当有限”。
二、动词（谓语/非谓语）的平行 例：
He put on his hat, opened the door and walked out of the room. 他戴上帽子，打开门，走出了房间。
The audience began shouting, cheering and clapping. 观众们开始大喊、欢呼和鼓掌。
Her duty is to look after the child, care for the elders and take good care of the whole family.
她的责任是照顾孩子、老人和整个家庭。
（2017 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 1-设题点）
But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.
但历届只管出售绿地、榨取地方资金，以及让体育逐渐在教育中失去关注。
（2014 年考研英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 1-设题点）
What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
我们要知道，他的动机实际上是出于他对于“基本公平”的追求，也就是保护纳税人、控制花销以及确保只有最符合资格的申请人才能得到补助金。
（2015 年考研英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 4-设题点）
As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.
正如黑客窃听案审判所裁决的——《世界新闻报》前主编安迪·库尔森因密谋窃听手机被判有罪，而受到相同指控的他的前任丽贝卡·布鲁克斯则被判无罪——关于道德缺失这一更为广泛的问题仍然存在。
三、句子的并列平行 例：
I want apples and he wants pears. 我想要苹果，他想要梨。
The project is aiming at helping those who are disabled, and who are homeless. 该项目旨在帮助那些身有残疾和无家可归的人。
He won the game partly because he practiced hard and partly because he was inspired by the big rewards.
他之所以赢得那场比赛，一部分原因是他的刻苦训练，还有一部分是大奖的激励。
（2015 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 4-设题点）
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet. 迫于无奈从事非全职工作的人数的增加反映了劳动力市场的疲软，这意味着很多人未来即使能勉强维持生计也会非常艰难。
（2015 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 3）
In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.
在一个对你的生活及生活的意义几乎无关紧要的地方工作，办公室言语有助于你搞清楚你与工作的联系，以及你的工作如何定义你。
（2015 年考研英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 2-设题点）
They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant.
在严峻或紧急条件下，他们仍有权宣布《第四修正案》的保护无效，并在等待执行令期间采取适当措施以保证电话数据不被抹除或更改。
长难句之结构 类型
一、同位语、插入语
二、相邻紧密成分被短语、从句等“小三”分开
一、同位语、插入语 例：
Mr. Smith, a famous writer, has written a number of fine literary works. 著名作家史密斯先生已经写了很多优秀的文学作品。 Tom, a friend of mine, came to visit me yesterday. 我的一个朋友汤姆昨天来看我了。
The new theory, in his opinion, has a bright future. 在他看来，这项新理论有着广阔的前景。
（2017 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 4）
In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.
实际上，如今联邦资金很少投入其他一些与全体美国人息息相关的工作上，例如，森林的保护、水域和文化资源的管理，以及基础设施的维护。
（2016 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 2）
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.
生物学家估计，多达 200 万只的小草原松鸡——一种栖息于绵延草地的鸟类——曾为美国中西部和西南部常年灰暗的风景增添了一抹红色。
（2015 年考研英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 1）
Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.
尽管他们声称是民族团结的象征，但是正是他们以往的历史以及现在时不时的行事方式体现了已经过时的、站不住脚的和不平等。
二、相邻紧密成分被短语、从句等“小三”分开 例：
The book that is on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。
The question whether egg or chicken came into being first can never be solved. 先有的鸡还是先有的蛋这一问题永远不可能得到解决。
Ann is in the eyes of her teachers and classmates, a modest, talented and diligent student.
在老师和同学的眼中，安是个谦虚、有天赋和勤奋的学生。
（2017 年考研英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 1-设题点）
(Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.) The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. （为了提高安全性，美国人愿意忍受耗时的安检程序。）埃及航空 804 号航班疑
遭袭击而坠毁于地中海，这一悲剧的发生也解释了乘客为何愿意忍受耗时的安检程序。
（2017 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 2）
She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
她发现，在训练期间使用（数码）设备的母亲，与孩子的语言交流会减少 20%，而非语言交流会减少39%。
（2016 年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 2）
Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.
经 USFWS（美国鱼类和野生动物管理局）与各州协商，该计划要求在经营中破坏栖息地的个人和企业向基金会付款，用以达到“凡有一英亩栖息地遭破坏，就要新增两英亩宜居栖息地”的目的。
长难句终极篇：Carrie三步法 (以下例句书上没有)
（11阅读真题）But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.
但想想这个问题是很有趣的：我们每周看到的那些没有压力、倍感幸福的父母形象，是不是在以一种细微的、无意识的形式影响我们，让我们对实际情况更加不满呢?
