(新教材学案)UNIT3CELEBRATIONSSectionⅠ含答案

1．Unless we make Christmas an occasion to share our blessings，all the snow in Alaska won't make it white.

—Bing Crosby

除非我们在圣诞节共同分享祝福与爱，否则阿拉斯加所有的雪也不能带来真正的白色圣诞节。

——宾·克劳斯贝

2．Thanksgiving Day is a jewel，to set in the hearts of honest men；but be careful that you do not take the day，and leave out the gratitude.

—Powell

感恩节犹如一颗宝石，安放在每个坦诚之人心中；但是你可别拿走了“宝石”，却忘了感恩。

——鲍威尔

3．My idea of Christmas，whether old­fashioned or modern，is very simple: loving others.Come to think of it，why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that？

—Bob Hope

不管你觉得这太守旧亦或是太时髦，圣诞节对我来说很简单，就是关爱他人。试着想想吧，我们为什么非要等到圣诞节才这么做呢？

—— 鲍勃·霍普

A festival is a way for families and friends to get together and meet after ages.Even if they live in different parts of the world，people usually celebrate festivals together and see it as an excuse to see each other.

Festivals lend a chance for the older generation to teach the future generation the value of festivals and traditions.Celebrating festivals is a sure shot way of preserving the rich heritage and culture of a region.

People also celebrate festivals as an excuse for relaxing，unwinding and taking a much­needed break from the daily hectic work life.

Thanksgiving Day is the United States and Canada shared festival，created by the

people of the United States；the intention was to thank God for giving them the good harvest，and express their thanks to the Indians for their help.In America，Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November every year，and from that date people will be on leave for four days；while the Canadian Thanksgiving at different times，the second Monday of October.

Everyone agrees the dinner must be roast turkey.A turkey with a bread dressing to absorb the delicious juices flowing during baking，but cooking techniques often，because of family and regions，vary(改变)，what filler application is difficult to get consistent(一致的)．

Thanksgiving today is，in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year's bounty(大量给予之物) and reverently(虔诚地) ask for continued blessings.

[探究发现]

1．What is the purpose of Thanksgiving Day at first?

To thank God for giving them the good harvest and express their thanks to the Indians for their help.

2．When is Thanksgiving Day celebrated in the U．S.A? The fourth Thursday in November every year.

3．What food are you sure to eat on Thanksgiving Day? Roast turkey.

SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1

Ⅰ.匹配词义 A．单词匹配 ( )1.occasion

A．adj.阴历的；月球的

( )2.lunar ( )3.decorate ( )4.snack ( )5.account ( )6.summarise ( )7.expectant

( )8.scare

( )9.accent

( )10.retired

B．n.重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 C．vi.&vt.总结，概括 D．n.口音 E．adj.退休的 F．n.描述，报道

G．vi.&vt.to make sth.look more attractive by putting things on it H．n.a small meal or amount of food，usually eaten in a hurry I．adj.hoping for sth.，especially sth.good and exciting J．vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐

[答案] 1－5 BAGHF 6－10 CIJDE B．短语匹配 ( )1.come to an end ( )2.at war ( )3.put up ( )4.let off ( )5.sweep away ( )6.upside down ( )7.light up ( )8.up to ( )9.scare...away ( )10.tens of thousands of

J．从事，忙于；多达；能胜任 A．扫除；清除 B．使某物爆炸 C．在交战状态中 D．举起；张贴 E．照亮；(使)变得喜悦 F．结束；终止 G．颠倒地，倒置地 H．成千上万 I．把……吓跑

[答案] 1－5 FCDBA 6－10 GEJIH Ⅱ.默写单词 1．adult n． 2．congratulation n. 3．tradition n.

成人，成年人 恭喜，祝贺 传统

4．character n. 5．attach vt. 6．flight n. 7．surround vt. 8．joy n. 9．original adj. 10．custom n.

字，字体；人物，角色 贴，固定；附上 航班 环绕，围绕 欢欣，愉快，喜悦 原先的，最早的，最初的 风俗，习惯；传统

Ⅰ.语境填空

flight；throughout；sticky；attach；custom；accent； sweeping；gathering；host；account 1．It was corn syrup and food dye，so it was really sticky and sugary. 2．We had a grand social gathering last Sunday. 3．He gave a detailed account of what had happened on the fateful night. 4．Apart from my host，I didn't know a single person there. 5．The owner of the store was sweeping his floor when I walked in. 6．I attach a copy of my notes for your information. 7．The flight was postponed on account of the bad weather. 8．He speaks with a slight southern accent．

9．They export their products to markets throughout the world. 10．It is a custom in that country for women to marry young. Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．He spent five years in Paris, with occasional(occasion) visits to Italy. 2．They asked what his plans were after graduation(graduate)．

3．He has received many letters in congratulation(congratulate)of his birthday. 4．With its simple decoration(decorate)，the main bedroom is a peaceful haven. 5．The exhibition hall is decorated with many traditional(tradition)Chinese paintings.

6．The roar of the crowd stilled to an expectant(expect)murmur. 7．Mollie told me what she'd done and I was really scared (scare)on her account.

8．The surrounding(surround)land was enclosed by an eight foot wire fence. 9．It is one of the most original(origin)works of imagination in the language. 10．A survey of retired(retire)people has indicated that most of them are independent and enjoying life.

1．Fireworks were being let off across the city，suddenly lighting up the night sky.

整个城市都在放烟花，突然照亮了夜空。

2．Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.

每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 3．I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often，so when I get home，my parents will fill me in on what's been happening...

我不经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母会一股脑儿地告诉我发生了什么，……

4．Our house buzzes with activities when everyone comes home. 当每个人都回家时，我们的房子里充满了各种活动。

5．We always have jiaozi during this time，as they mean something special on this occasion—they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.

在这期间，我们总是吃饺子，因为它们在这个场合有特殊的意义——它们是我们希望在新的一年里健康和幸福的象征。

词语助读

1．host主人，东道主；主持人 host family 寄宿家庭

2．highly 高度地(用来修饰抽象的事物) 3．value vt.重视

4．from top to bottom从上到下 5．sweep扫；打扫

sweep away扫除；清除

6．character字，字体；人物，角色 7．attach贴，固定；附上 attach sth. to sth.把……贴在……上 8．upside down倒置地，颠倒地 9．let off 使(某物)爆炸 10．light up照亮，点亮 11．expectant期待的，期望的 12．look表情

13．scare吓唬；使(某人)惊恐 scare sb./sth. away把……吓跑 14．flight航班 15．book 预定 16．wine葡萄酒 17．surround环绕，围绕 be surrounded by 被……包围 18．accent口音

19．fill sb. in on 告诉某人关于(某事的消息) 20．up to sth.从事/忙于某事 21．hotpot火锅

22．firecracker鞭炮，爆竹 23．retired退休的 24．buzz闹哄哄，喧闹 25．sign象征

26．joy欢欣，愉快，喜悦

课本原文 SPRING FESTIVAL

Tom Jenkins a 16-year-old exchange student living in Nanjing

It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family

①

.Spring Festival is highly② valued③ by every Chinese family.Preparations began a

week before the festival.First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom④.My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away⑤ the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.

Next, the Chinese character⑥ Fu was attached⑦ upside down⑧ to our front door.It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.[1]The character looked really cool.

[1]It is believed that据说……

The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival.Fireworks were being let off⑨ across the city, suddenly lighting up⑩ the night sky[2]．Children were covering their ears but with an expectant⑪ look⑫ on their faces[3]．Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away⑬ the monster Nian.The fireworks were a lot of fun! We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.

[2]lighting up the night sky现在分词作结果状语。

[3]with的复合结构 with sb./sth. adj./adv./prep./doing/done/to do.

Xu Gang a 28-year-old computer engineer working in Shanghai

I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights⑭ have to be booked⑮ as early as possible[4]．I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents.This year, I bought a bottle of wine⑯ for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother.

[4]as 引导原因状语从句

[5]

Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by⑰ Shanxi accents

⑱

－I know that I am heading home to my family.I don't get to travel back to Shanxi

very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in on⑲ what's been happening[6]—who has got married or had children or gone away to university.It's great to hear what everyone's been up to⑳.

[5]名词词组the moment引导时间状语从句 [6]what引导宾语从句。

We usually have hotpot—it's so tasty! However, what we eat isn't the most important thing.What's important is who we eat it with.It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of old times.When I was a kid, Spring Festival was all

21○

about firecrackers，sweets and decorations.As I get older[7]，coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it.

[7]As I get older，随着年龄的增长。as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”

Li Yan a 70-year-old grandmother from Heilongjiang

Spring Festival is family time for us.My husband and I are both retired.We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot.Weeks before Spring Festival, we start getting ready for their homecoming.Things start to get really busy.We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.

Our house buzzes with activities when everyone comes home.Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing[8]，and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year.Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made.We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special on this occasion－they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.To me, this is Spring Festival－the joy of a family gathering.

[8]shouting and playing动名词作伴随状语。

译文参考 春节

一个16岁的生活在南京的交换生——汤姆·詹金斯

这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭过春节。春节是每个中国家庭非常重视的节日。节日前一周就开始准备了。首先，房子从上到下地都打扫了一遍。我的寄宿妈妈陈太太说，这是为了扫除过去一年的污垢，为新的一年做准备。

接下来，汉字“福”被倒着贴在我们的前门上。人们相信，当福颠倒的时候，幸福就到了。这个字看起来很酷。

最激动人心的事情发生在春节的前一天晚上。整个城市都在放烟花，突然照亮了夜空。孩子们捂着耳朵，但脸上带着期待的表情。陈太太说这是为了吓跑怪兽“年”。烟花很有趣！然后，我们坐在一起享受一顿丰盛的晚餐，祝福大家新年快乐。

26○

25○

24○

23○

22○

一个28岁的生活在上海的电脑工程师——徐刚

我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅，因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。我很仔细地为父母挑选礼物。今年，我给爸爸买了一瓶葡萄酒，给妈妈买了一件漂亮的毛衣。

每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。我不经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母会一股脑儿地告诉我发生了什么，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了，等等。很高兴听到大家都在忙些什么。

我们通常吃火锅——它很好吃！然而，我们吃什么并不是最重要的事情。重要的是我们和谁一起吃。能和家人团聚在一起，谈论过去的时光，真是太好了。我小的时候，春节都是关于放鞭炮，糖果和装饰品。随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。

一位70岁的来自黑龙江的祖母——李燕

春节是我们的家庭时间。我丈夫和我都退休了。我们不经常看到我们的孩子和孙子，我们很想念他们。为他们的回家，春节前几周，我们就开始准备。事情开始变得非常繁忙。我们考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。

当每个人都回家时，我们的房子里充满了各种活动。我们的孙子们跑来跑去，又喊又玩，大人们围坐在桌旁，谈论着过去的一年。在厨房里包饺子也很有趣。在这期间，我们总是吃饺子，因为它们在这个场合有特殊的意义——它们是我们希望在新的一年里健康和幸福的象征。对我来说，这就是春节——家人团聚的欢乐。

速读P52－53课文，完成下列任务： Ⅰ.阅读判断

判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及： 1．Xu Gang is an exchange student in Shanghai. A．Right.

B．Wrong.

C．Not mentioned.

2．Children were frightened by fireworks.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

3．During the Spring Festival，train tickets or flights are easy to buy. A．Right.

B．Wrong.

C．Not mentioned.

4．Li Yan and her husband are active in their work. A．Right.

B．Wrong.

C．Not mentioned.

5．Li Yan does a lot of things to get ready for their children's homecoming. A．Right.

[答案] 1－5 BBBBA Ⅱ.补全信息

选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息： A．to get really busy B．to enjoy a big dinner C．to scare away D．to be prepared E．to travel back F．to sweep away 1．My host mother Mrs Chen said this was the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.

2．Mrs Chen said that it was the monster Nian.

3．We then sat together ， wishing everyone a happy new year. 4．I don't get to Shanxi very often... 5．Things start ．

6．We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need ．

[答案] 1－6 FCBEAD Ⅲ.表格填空 Tom Jenkins Xu Gang Li Yan B．Wrong.

C．Not mentioned.

Where and With his 1.host family in With his family in Nanjing. 2.Shanxi． With her 3.children and grandchildren in Heilongjiang. with whom Preparations before Spring Festival Activities during Spring Festival Clean 4.the house；5.Attach the Chinese character Fu. Book6.tickets； Choose7.gifts； 8.Travel home. Talk of times；Have 14.hotpot．

back Buy 9.things children need；Prepare 10.dishes. Let off 11.fireworks；Enjoy a big 12.dinner． 13.old Talk about 15.the past year；Make 16.jiaozi. 细读P52－53课文，完成下列任务： Ⅰ.主旨匹配 1．Part 1 2．Part 2

3．Part 3

[答案] 1－3 BCA Ⅱ.单项选择

1．Where did Tom Jenkins live? A．Heilongjiang. C．Beijing.

B．Shanghai. D．Nanjing.

A．How does Li Yan celebrate Spring Festival.

B．Tom Jenkins's experience of Spring Festival in China.

C．How does Xu Gang spend Spring Festival.

2．Why was the character Fu attached upside down? A．Because it looks cool.

B．Because people believe happiness arrives. C．Because it means sweeping the dirt of the past year. D．Because it means getting ready for the new year. 3．What is the most important thing for Xu Gang?

A．Setting off firecrackers. B．Eating hotpot. C．Eating with his family. D．Decorating the houses.

4．What does having dumplings mean for Li Yan? A．It means they enjoy the family gathering. B．It means playing with their grandchildren happily. C．It means wishes for the coming year. D．It means our life is becoming better. [答案] 1－4 DBCC Ⅲ.概要写作微技能 概要写作微技能(二)

A．阅读课文中描写活动场景的语句。

1．We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year. 2．Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents... 3．Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing, and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year.

B．判断下列语句中哪个不是描写活动场景的句子。

1．It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. 2．We usually have hotpot —it's so tasty!

3．It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of old times. 4．Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. [答案] 1 2

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词

1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候→occasional adj.偶然的；临时的→occasionally adv.偶尔地

2．graduate n．毕业生 vi.毕业→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼

3．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺

4．decorate vt.&vt.装饰，布置，美化→decoration n．装饰；装饰物 5．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地 6．summary n．总结，概括；概要→summarise vi.&vt.总结，概括

7．expect vt.预料，期待；期盼→expectant adj.期待的，期望的→expectation n．预料，预期；期待

8．scare vt.使(某人)惊恐；吓唬→scary adj.可怕的，引起恐慌的→scared adj.害怕的；惊恐的

9．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的；四周的→surroundings n．周围的环境

10．origin n．起源；出身→original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的

1．put up修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴

①They're putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town. ②The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon. ③If you have any questions，put up your hands.

④They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer.

修建 张贴 举起 提供膳宿

2．character n．(书写或印刷的)字，字体；个性；特色；特征；人物，角色 ①His character is very different from his wife. ②You can look up a character under its radical (部首)． ③I find all the characters in his new play amusing. ④I wish this book were written in bigger characters.

Words and Phrases

知识要点1 occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 (教材P50)Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like. 选择一个你喜欢的节日或特殊的时刻。

[例] I've met him on several occasions.我见过他几次。 [归纳拓展] (1)on one occasion 有一次

性格 汉字 人物 字体

on that occasion on occasion (2)occasional adj. occasionally adv. 那时；在那种情况下 偶尔 偶尔的；不经常的；特殊场合的 偶然地；偶尔；有时 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①On one occasion(occasion)，she called me in the middle of the night. ②He has been known on occasion to lose his temper.

③He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally(occasion)．

④Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion when you legally become an adult.

⑤This is not an occasion for laughter，where you must take things seriously. ⑥随着岁月的流逝，很多时刻——生日、获奖、毕业，都有父亲的鲜花来庆祝。

As the years passed，many occasions—birthdays，awards, graduations were marked with Dad's flowers.

[名师点津]

当occasion后接定语从句时，其引导词要依据occasion的含义及在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作充当从句中的地点状语，用where来引导；当表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作充当从句中的时间状语，用when来引导。

知识要点2 congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺 (教材P50)offering congratulations

[例] I sent a card of congratulation to the newly married couple. 我给那对新婚夫妇寄了一张贺卡。 [归纳拓展] (1)congratulation n． congratulation to sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事 祝贺，恭贺(常用复数形式) offer/send congratulations to sb.on sth. 向某人祝贺某事

(2)congratulate v. 祝贺，向……致贺词 congratulate sb.on/upon sth./doing sth. [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①He congratulated(congratulate)himself on having survived the air crash. ②We congratulated him on having passed(pass)the examination. ③I send you my warmest congratulations(congratulate)on your success. [小片段填空]

Many friends came to congratulate him on his marriage，and some sent emails to express their congratulations．(congratulate)

知识要点3 come to an end 结束

(教材P51)Amid the boom of firecrackers a year has come to an end，and the spring wind has wafted warm breath to the wine.

爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。

[例] After the exam，all the lessons in school also came to an end. 考试后，学校的课程也都结束了。 [归纳拓展] (1)bring an end to sth.＝bring sth.to an end put an end to sth. at an end (2)at the end of by the end of in the end (3)end in end up with [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①When will we bring an end to the war? ②The exploration ended in failure. ③The discussion finally came to an end.

就某事向某人祝贺 使……结束 结束，消除 终结；结束 在……的尽头 到……结束时 最终，终于 以……告终，最后的结果是…… 以……结束 [小片段填空]

At the end of the meeting，the general manager said in a loud voice，“We've tried hard to solve the financial problem，and in the end we've succeeded.So by the end of next week，the bad situation will come to an end and everything will be all right.”

知识要点4 put up修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴 (教材P52)to put up decorations 布置装饰品

[例] He was putting up a new fence at his home. 他正在为自己家搭建新的篱笆墙。 [归纳拓展] put up with put off put down put away put on [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①I have to put up with my cat's fur all over the house. ②Just because of the rain，the sports meet was put off．

③I only put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child. [小片段填空]

He put away all the useless things in a big bag and put on his suit.He drove to the gym，only to find the notice put up at the entrance，saying that the match had been put off because of bad weather.He put down the date on his note and left. 知识要点5 account vt.认为是，视为n.描述，报道；(银行)账户；账目；解释，说明

(教材P52)Read the three readers' accounts. 阅读三位读者的描述。

[例] She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她把事件向警方作了详细叙述。 [归纳拓展]

容忍，忍受 推迟，延期 写下，记下；放下 把……收拾起来；把钱、物等储存起来 穿上；打开；增加(体重等)；假装；采纳 (1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration on account of on no account give an account of (2)account for 把……考虑在内 因为，由于 决不 报告；叙述；说明 解释；说明；(数量，比例上)占 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.

②He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs. ③我真诚地希望你考虑我的建议。

I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account．(tak...into account) ＝I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions carefully．(consider) ＝I

sincerely

hope

that

you

will

take

my

suggestions

into

consideration．(consideration)

＝I sincerely hope that you will take account of my suggestions．(take account of) [名师点津]

on no account位于句首，主句要部分倒装。类似的还有：by no means, in no way, on no condition, at no time等。

On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge，as well as practical experience.

知识要点6 sweep away 扫除，清扫；消灭；完全打消

(教材P52)My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.

我的寄宿妈妈陈太太说，这是为了扫除过去一年的污垢，为新的一年做好准备。

[例] Mother told Tom to sweep away the dead leaves in the yard，but he tried to beg off.

妈妈要汤姆打扫庭院里的落叶，可他却极力请求别叫他干这件事。 [归纳拓展]

sweep up sweep aside sweep out [即学即练] 单句语法填空 清扫；清除 放/堆到一边，不予理会 打扫干净 ①He was left to sweep up after the party. ②The wind swept the leaves away． 知识要点7 attach vt.贴；固定；附上

(教材P52)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.

接下来，汉字“福”被倒着贴在我们的前门上。 [例] China will not attach itself to any big power. 中国不依附任何大国。 [归纳拓展] (1)attach sth. to sth. attach importance/significance to (2)attached adj. be attached to 认为……重要/有意义 (作表语)依恋的；附属于 附属于；依恋 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/句汇升级 ①So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter. ②On returning home, she found a note attached(attach) to the door, reading “Call in later.”

③My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education. ④The boy is now studying in the middle school attached(attach) to Peking University.

⑤(普通表达)Many of us teenagers think our phones are much more important than our friends.

(高级表达)Many of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends.

知识要点8 let off 使某物爆炸

(教材P52)Fireworks were being let off across the city，suddenly lighting up the night sky.

整个城市都在放烟花，突然照亮了夜空。 [例] The engine let off steam in sudden blasts. 突然的轰鸣，机车放出一股蒸汽来。 [归纳拓展] let out let sb. down let in let alone let...alone [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①I'm afraid she let us down badly.

②With each bump of the airplane he would let out a giggle of delight. 知识要点9 scare sb./sth. away把……吓跑

(教材P52)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. 陈太太说这是为了吓跑怪兽“年”。

[例] “That will scare away the tiger, ” she said. “这样就能吓走那只老虎了，” 她说。 [归纳拓展] (1)scared adj. 惊恐的，担惊受怕的 放出；泄露 使某人失望 让……进来，放进 更不用说，更谈不上 不打扰，不惊动 of doing... 不敢做……be scaredto do... 害怕做…… that... 害怕……be scared to death (2)scare vt. n. scare sb. away/off scare sb. into doing sth. 吓得要死 使某人受惊；惊吓 恐慌；惊恐 把某人吓跑/吓退 恐吓某人做某事

[即学即练] 单句语法填空

①She tries to scare the child into behaving well.

②She was scared to death(die)to wait for the result of her entrance examination in the middle of June.

③The little girl was scared to go(go)out alone in the evening. [小片段填空]

那个小女孩不敢过桥，因为她害怕掉进河里。

The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river.

知识要点10 surround vt.环绕；围绕

(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents－I know that I am heading home to my family.

每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 [例] Troops have surrounded the town. 已将该城镇包围了。 [归纳拓展] (1)surround sb./sth. with sb./sth. be surrounded by/with (2)surrounding adj. (3)surroundings n. [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①We stood at the edge of the lake, which is surrounded(surround) by/with trees. ②We lived in a house surrounded(surround)by trees, most of which were pine trees.

③Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills. [小片段填空]

作为一名著名的流行歌星，他喜欢被这么多从周围城镇赶来看他的歌迷包围。他也喜欢有绿树和鲜花的美丽环境，因为他可以从大自然中获得更多的快乐。

使某人/某物被某人/某物包围 被……围绕着；周围是…… 周围的 环境(通常用复数形式)

As a famous pop star，he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns.And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers，because he can get much more pleasure from nature.

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1 as作连词

(教材P53)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.

我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅，因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。

句式分析：句中的as作连词，表示原因。意为“因为”。 [例] As he grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening. 他年纪越来越大， 除了喜欢园艺以外， 对一切都失去了兴趣。 [归纳拓展] (1)as作为从属连词，可以引导下列从句： a．时间状语从句，意为“正当……的时候”、“一面……一面……”、“随着……”，从句可放主句之前或主句之后。 b．引导方式状语从句，意为“如同”、“按照……的方式、样子、办法”。as从句总跟在主句之后。 c．as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装。(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。 d．as引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词(意为“那么”“如此”)，第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句常常省略)。其基本结构为：as＋adj./adv.＋as。 (2)as作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂，而且as在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语，可以指人也可指物。 (3)as作为介词的用法：表示“好像，作为，当作”。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired. ②Difficult as it is，we should not give it up.

③This film is as interesting as that one. 重点句式2 the moment引导的时间状语从句

(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.

每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 句式分析：句中the moment I get on the train是the moment引导的时间状语从句，the moment表示“一……就”。

[例] He said he had phoned you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你打了电话。

[归纳拓展] 表示“一……就”的形式还有： (1)the minute/second/instant (2)immediately/directly (3)hardly...when...；no sooner...than... (4)as soon as... (5)on＋n./doing... [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①I went home directly (direct) I had finished work. ②No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick.

③They were presented with flowers on arrival/arriving(arrive)at the airport.

1．Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.

[分析] 本句为主从复合句。名词词组the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”， that引导的是宾语从句。

[译文] 每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。

2．We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.

[分析] 本句为主从复合句。what引导三个并列的宾语从句。

[译文] 我们考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。

教材 1.Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like. 高考 (2020·江苏卷)On the other occasion，they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While I tend to buy a lot 2.Next，the Chinese character Fu was of books，these three were given to me as attached upside down to our front door. gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 浙江卷)Sometimes loud noises like 3.Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away (2020·the monster Nian. 4.Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. these will scare bears off. (2020·浙江卷)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Instantly(instant)he saw me，he held out his hands. 2．As a Party member，I'll take the lead in everything.

3．Foxes started coming in from the surrounding(surround)countryside. 4．He was scared(scare)to cross the rickety bridge. 5．He hasn't enough money for food，let alone amusements. 6．Much importance is attached to the development of the individual self. 7．He could not account for his absence from school. 8．Make sure that you put down every word she says. 9．I hope we have brought an end to our arguments. 10．We must telephone our congratulations(congratulate)to the happy couple. Ⅱ.短语填空

sweep away；light up；put up；come to an end；let off；tens of thousands of；

upside down；scare...away；at war；up to 1．The cafe owner has put up the required “no smoking” sign. 2．They must have known what their father was up to． 3．The fight between the two countries finally came to an end． 4．Tens of thousands of men have travelled southwards to find work. 5．The terrorists let off a bomb near the building. 6．He swept away the dust from the door.

7．The country has been at war with its neighbour for two years. 8．Should I tell him how I feel, or would that scare him away? 9．If I were a lamp, it would be my duty to light up thick darkness. 10．If I stand on my head, I see everything upside down． Ⅲ.课文语法填空

It was the first time for Tom Jenkins 1.to spend(spend)Spring Festival in China.He found the house 2.cleaned(clean)from top to bottom to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.It is believed 3.that happiness arrives when Fu is attached to the door upside down.The night before the Spring Festival，people set off fireworks to scare 4.away the monster Nian.

Xu Gang usually goes back home 5.before Spring Festival and choose 6.gifts(gift)for his parents 7.carefully(care)．His parents will tell him things 8.that have been happening.It was great to have hotpot with his family.

Li Yan and her husband miss their children and grandchildren a lot.They start getting ready for their homecoming 9.in a few weeks.Her grandchildren run，shout and play and her children talk about the past year.They gather to enjoy jiaozi which 10.are(be)a sign of their wishes for health and happiness.

被动语态

[观察例句]

1．Every year in September or October，the Mid­Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world.

2．Traditional moon cakes are usually made with bean paste.

3．In the old days，dragon boat races were organised only by Chinese people. 4．He was fooled when he saw thousands of lanterns. 5．Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water. [归纳用法] 一、基本知识 (一)概念

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。

(二)构成

被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。

(三)用法

1．讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)

My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。

2．借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。 The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy. 这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。 3．为使句子更加合理、流畅。

The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus. 这计划得到希望住在校内的人的支持。 4．习惯用法的需要。

这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 He was born in China in 2017. 他于2017年出生在中国。 [即学即练1]

①—So what is the procedure?

—All the applicants are interviewed(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.

②If nothing is done(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

③Mum，I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid(pay)on Friday. 二、形式

时态名称 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 被动语态形式 am/is/are＋过去分词 was/were＋过去分词 will/shall＋be＋过去分词 would＋be＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词 The boy is often heard to play the piano. 人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时) She was seen to enter the hall. 有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时) A new house will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时) The problem is being discussed at the meeting. 会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时) A meeting was being held when I was there. 我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时) All these flowers have been watered. 这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)

The building had been completed before I arrived. 在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时) These books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词)

[名师点津] 被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。

She got hurt on her way back home. 她在回家的路上受伤了。 [即学即练2]

①—Have you heard about that fire in the market? —Yes，fortunately no one was hurt(hurt)．

②All visitors to this village are treated(treat)with kindness.

③A concert will be held(hold) soon at which the works of Liszt will be played. 三、被动语态的注意事项 1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词

(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。

The food tastes delicious.这食物味道鲜美。 The cotton feels soft.棉花摸上去很软。

(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。

This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 The engine won't start.引擎发动不起来。

(3)need，want，require作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。

The plan required discussing. 这项计划需要讨论。 2．不用被动语态的几种情况

(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。

The price has risen.价格升高了。 The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。

[名师点津] 要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。

This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙适合这把锁。 Your story agrees with what he heard. 你的故事与他听到的相符。 [即学即练3]

①Your idea sounds(sound)a good one.

②This cheese doesn't cut(not cut)easily.It's too soft. ③The flowers in the garden need watering(water)．

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Vegetables and fruit in this shop sell(sell)well. 2．Football is played(play)in most countries of the world. 3．I had not been woken(wake)up by the noise，so I was late this morning. 4．When was the first man-made satellite sent(send)up into space? 5．How many magazines can be borrowed(borrow)from your library every week? 6．I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired(repair)at the garage.

7．Unless some extra money is found(find)，the theatre will close.

8．I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

9．It is reported that a space station will be built(build)on the moon in years to come.

10．The Great Wall is known(know)all over the world. Ⅱ.短文语法填空

This is the third time I 1.have been(be) here.All visitors to this town 2.are treated

(treat) with kindness.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they 3.had done(do) for me.The town life 4.has changed(change) greatly since 1992.People are recycling many things which they 5.would /could /might have thrown (throw) away in the past.The Town Hall 6.completed(complete) in the 1800's was the most

distinguished building at that time.Great changes 7.have taken(take) place in the city and a lot of factories 8.have been set(set)up.The church tower which 9.is being restored(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost 10.finished(finish)．