Unit 1 Enjoy your feelings!
Lead in
Over the moon-Happiness
Out of sorts-Sadness
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Hit the roof-Anger II
(1)M:
I'm beside myself with joy. I'm so lucky. Guess what? I've won a lot of money in the lottery.
Really? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right? What does the woman mean?
W:Q:
(2)W:Mary was furious when her son wrecked up her car. M:
He shouldn't have driven a car on his own without a driver's license. He's still taking driving lessons. What do we know about Mary's son?
Susan, I hear you're going to marry that guy. Maybe you'll it.
Is that so? Only time will tell. What does the woman imply?
Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother's passing. I know how close you two were.
regret
Q:(3)M:W:Q:(4)M:
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W:Q:
Thank you. It was so sudden. I'm still in a state of shock. I don't know what to do.
Which of the following is true?
(5)W:I get furious at work when my opinions aren't considered just because
I'm a woman. M:
You should air your views more emphatically and demand that your voice be heard.
Q:
What is the woman complaining about?
C B D A D l Listening In
Task 1 what a clumsy man!
Maria:Jack, can you help me move this heavy box? Jack:No problem, Maria. Here let me lift this end... Oops! Maria:Ouch! My foot! Come on, can't you be a little more cautious? Jack:I'm so sorry. It was an accident. No need to be furious!
Maria:
You're always so clumsy, Jack. I'm really losing my patience with all the stupid mistakes you make around the office.
Jack:
Calm down, Maria; I'll certainly be more careful next time. This was just an accident.
Maria:
If you aren't more careful,
then next time someone could be badly look! The glass in the box is all broken now. Mr. Johnson is going to fly
into a rage.
Jack:Oh no! What can I do to keep him from hitting the roof?
Maria:
Well, you can begin by helping me clean up the mess and then honestly tell him about your mistake.
Jack:
Maybe if I offer to pay for the damage, he won't be so angry. What do you think?
Maria:
That might help solve the problem, though it could be quite expensive to replace it.
Jack:
Well, I'm willing to do what it takes to keep Mr. Johnson from exploding. I need to keep my job!
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hurt. -
Keys: A C D C B
Task 2 causes of depression
Hello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration of the causes of depression. There are many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.
Heredity certainly plays a role. The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families.
Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain, called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication. While the causal relationship is unclear, it is known that antidepressant medications do relieve certain symptoms of depression.
Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of one's personality and how one has learned to cope with
external environmental factors, such as stress. It is frequently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with
depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.
Another factor causing depression is one's early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression later in life.
Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.
It is worth noting that those living with someone suffering from
depression experience increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.
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Keys: (1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4) certain symptoms (5)self-esteem (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxietyTask 3 happiness index
Australians were the happiest people in the world according to a survey undertaken by two market researchers. They conducted
door-to-door surveys and interviews with nearly 30,000 people in 30 countries. They asked respondents how satisfied they were with their overall quality of life. Forty-six percent of Australians proclaimed to
be \"very happy\" and expressed optimism about their future. Following them in the \"very happy\" group was the USA (40 percent), Egypt (36 percent), India (34 percent) and the UK and Canada (32 percent). Hungary got the wooden spoon, finishing bottom of the happiness chart. Thirty-five percent of its citizens said they were either \"disappointed\" or \"very unhappy\
The research demonstrated that money and age were key determinants in how happy people are. Although the study did not indicate money could buy happiness, it did reveal a link between a lack of money and unhappiness. Less happy populations were found among lower-income groups or the unemployed.
The study also suggested that on the whole, the older we become, the less happy we are. Globally, teenagers are the happiest people. The age group with the lowest levels of happiness was 50-59. Only 16 percent of those in their 50s said they were very happy.
The factors that make us happy include good health, financial security
and a happy marriage. Material comforts such as cars, clothes and gadgets ranked comparatively low. 翻译：
根据一项由两家市场研究人员进行的调查显示，澳大利亚人是世界上最幸福的人。他们进行
对30个国家的近30000人进行入户调查和访谈。他们询问受访的受访者对生活质量的满足程度如何。四零六的澳大利亚人宣布“非常高兴”，并对他们的未来
表示乐观。在“非常快乐”的群体中，在美国（百分之40），埃及（百分之36），
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印度（百分之34）和英国和加拿大（百分之32）。匈牙利拿到了木勺子，整理了幸福图的底部。三零五的市民表示，他们要么“失望”或“非常不满意”，其次是俄罗斯人在百分之30。
研究表明，金钱和年龄是决定人们幸福的关键因素。虽然这项研究并没有说明钱可以买到幸福，但它确实揭示了一个缺乏金钱和不快乐之间的联系。低收入群体或失业者发现不太幸福的人群。
这项研究还表明，在整体上，我们越老，我们越不高兴。在全球范围内，青少年是最幸福的人。与幸福水平最低年龄为50-59。只有百分之16的人在50岁说他们很快乐。
使我们幸福的因素包括良好的健康，小玩意儿等物质的舒适度相对较低。
金融安全和幸福的婚姻。诸如汽车、衣服和
Keys: B D A A Cl Let’s Talk
When I first met my parents, I was really shy, and I was, and I was in my foster home and I ran upstairs, shy, and I was in my bedroom crying, and my mum came up and said, \"Oh William, are you OK?\" and I ignored my mum, 'cause I didn't know her and I was scared. So, then my foster mum came up and I came down and we had some fun time. It was nice when I first arrived. I thought, \"Oh goody, two sisters, I can play with them.\" But now it's just, \"Oh no, not them again!\" I argue with one of my sisters about her rabbits, 'cause she doesn't let me touch them. Well she does, but...
When I have a bit of a bad time with my sister, I go and speak with my
mum and my dad. I feel most comfortable speaking to my dad about all my worries and stuff. I wish I had a brother in this family, but then it's just nice (being...) having two sisters, but I'd rather have a brother anyway. I mix with different people. I'm mostly friends with adults, 'cause I normally see adults more than children for some reason, I don't know why. It was scary going from my primary school to secondary school, but then that's just me growing up, and I've got to take the chances and take, just take what I've learned already and just move on and learn different things. 翻译：
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当我第一次见到我的父母，我真的很害羞，我是，我在家里和我跑上楼，害羞，我在我的卧室哭了，我的妈妈走了，说：“噢，威廉，你还好吗？”我忽略了我的妈妈，因为我不认识她，我也很害怕。于是，我的养妈妈就上来了，我下来了，我们玩得很开心。当我第一次到达时，这很好。我想，“好哇，两个姐姐，我可以和他们一起玩，但现在它只是，“哦不，不是他们！”我和我的一个姐妹和我的一个姐妹吵架，因为她不让我碰他们。她有，但…
当我和我妹妹有点不好的时候，我和我的妈妈和爸爸一起去说。对我的父亲来说，我感到最舒服的是我所有的烦恼和东西。我希望我有一个兄弟在这个家庭，但后来它只是好（是…）有姐妹，但我宁愿有一个兄弟无论如何。我和不同的人混在
一起。我大部分是成年人的朋友，因为我通常看到成年人比儿童更多的原因，我不知道为什么。从我的小学到中学，这是可怕的，但那只是我的成长，我必须采取的机会和采取的，只是采取什么我已经学会了，只是继续和学习不同的东西。
Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing up (18) learn
l Further Listening and Speaking Task 1: Big John is coming!
A bar owner in the Old West just hired a timid bartender. The owner of the establishment was giving his new employee some instructions on running the place. He told the timid man, \"If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, drop everything and run for the hills! He's the biggest, nastiest outlaw who's ever lived!\"
A few weeks passed uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand came running through town yelling, \"Big John is coming to town! Run for your lives!\"
When the bartender left the bar to start running, he was knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall. He was muscular, and was growling as he approached the bar.
He stepped up to the door, ordered the poor bartender inside, and demanded, \"I want a beer NOW!\"
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And with one strike of his heavy fist, he split the bar in half. The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer, hands shaking. He took the beer, bit the top of the bottle off, and downed the beer in one gulp.
As the terrified bartender hid behind the bar, the big man got up to leave. \"Do you want another beer?\" the bartender asked in a trembling voice. \"Dang it, I don't have time!\" the big man yelled. \"I got to get out of town! Didn't you hear Big John is coming?\" 翻译：
一个酒吧老板在老西只雇了一个胆小的酒吧招待。这个机构的老板给了他的新员工一些关于正在运行的地方的指令。他对那个胆小的人说：“如果你听说那个大的人要来城里，把一切都放下，然后跑去给你跑去！他是最大的，臭名昭著的逃犯的活！”
几星期过去后已无大碍。但有一天下午，当地一个牧童跑着穿过小镇大叫，个子约翰进城！为你的生命奔跑吧！”
“大
当酒保离开酒吧开始跑步，他被在地的几个人赶出城。当他正拾起来，他看到一个大男人，几乎七英尺高。他肌肉发达，并在咆哮着他走近酒吧。他走到门口，点了一个可怜的酒吧侍者，问道：“我要一杯啤酒！”
他用沉重的拳头打了一拳，把那酒吧分成两半。酒吧服务员紧张地递给大男子一杯啤酒，手颤抖。他拿着啤酒瓶，点下顶部，和倒下的啤酒一饮而尽。当那吓坏了的酒吧的酒吧的一个人躲在吧台后面，杯啤酒吗？”酒吧侍者用颤抖的声音问道。
大男人起身离开。你要再来一
“当它，我没有时间！”大个子喊道。我得离开城市！你没听说大的翰来了吗？”
(S1) owner (S2) running (S3) drop (S4) run (S5) local (S6) yelling,
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(S7) lives
(S8) As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall.
(S9) The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer, hands shaking. (S10)I got to get out of town! Didn't you hear Big John is coming Task 2 Reason and emotion
Emotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason, as is suggested by phrases such as \"appeal to emotions rather than reason\" and \"don't let your emotions take over\". Emotional reactions sometimes produce
consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they cannot control themselves. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is the contradiction between emotion and reason.
However, recent empirical studies do not suggest that there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed facts. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called \"cold\
the extreme of pure emotion not related to any logical argument, which is called \"the heat of passion\". The relation between logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an
argument, even one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing
rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to
adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no \"pure\" decision or thought; that is, no thought is based \"purely\" on intellectual logic or \"purely\" on emotion—most decisions are founded on a mixture of both. 翻译：
情感有时被认为是理性的反面，如“诉诸情感而不是理性”、“不要让你的情绪化”、“不要让你的情绪化”和“不要让你的情绪”。情绪化的反应有时会产生结果或想法，人们可能会后悔或不同意，但在情绪化的状态，他们不能控制自己。因此，人们普遍认为，人类最鲜明的事实之一就是情感与理性的矛盾。
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然而，最近的实证研究并不表明，有一个明确的区别的原因和情绪。事实上，愤怒或恐惧通常被认为是对观察到的事实的本能反应。人类的思想对外部世界有许多可能的反应。这些反应可能是一个连续的，其中一些涉及纯粹的智力逻辑，这通常被称为“冷”，和其他涉及极端的纯粹的情绪，不涉及任何逻辑的论点，这就是所谓的“激情的热”。逻辑与情感的关系值得仔细研究。激情，情绪和感觉可以加强一个论点，甚至一个基于理性的观点。这在宗教或意识形态上尤其如此，它经常要求一个或任何一个拒绝或接受。在这样的思维领域中，人们必须采用一种全面的观点，部分支持经验的论证，部分是由感觉和激情所产生的。此外，一些研究人员认为，通常情况下，没有“纯”的决定或想法，也就是说，没有思想是基于“纯粹”的智力逻辑或“纯粹”的情绪，大多数决定是建立在两者的混合物。
Key : A B C C D
Task 3 Every cloud has a silver lining
Pat:Ted:
You look depressed. Are you feeling blue? I've come to cheer you up. But there's nothing that can cheer me up. I'm down in the dumps. Life's miserable.
Pat:Ted:Pat:
You have to try to get your mind off things.
But I can't. I just feel there's too much pressure on me sometimes!
You can't let things get you down. Learn to relax and stop worrying all the time. What's your problem anyway?
Ted:Pat:
I failed my last exam, and another exam is coming. What can I do? If I were you, I'd start working hard. If you work hard for a long time, you're bound to get better grades. You see, \"no pain, no gain.\"
Ted:Pat:Ted:
It's easier said than done. I get bored You have to learn some self-discipline. Worse than that!
If I work for half an hour, I get a headache. Then I start
after reading only for 15 minutes.
to worry about passing the next exam.
Pat:Ted:Pat:Ted:Pat:
It's all in your mind. Stay cheerful and everything will soon be OK. But how can I stay cheerful all the time? Try to look on the bright side of things. But what if there isn't a bright side?
You know the saying: Every cloud has a silver lining. It means there're always two sides of everything
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—both the dark and bright sides. So, try to
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identify your strengths and then bring them into full play.
Ted:
Oh no! Your old sayings are making me even more depressed.
翻译：
你看起来很沮丧。你觉得蓝色吗？我来为你加油。
但没有什么能使我高兴起来的。我在垃圾堆里。生活的痛苦。你得试着让你的想法从中得到你的想法。但我不能。我只是觉得我的压力太大了！
你不能让事情让你失望。学会放松，不要担心所有的时间。你到底有什么问题？
我上次考试不及格，另一次考试不及格。我能做什么？
如果我是你，我就开始努力工作。如果你努力工作很长时间，你一定会取得更好的成绩。你看，“没有痛苦，没有收获。”泰德：说起来容易做起来不容易。读了你必须学会自律。
泰德：比那更糟！如果我工作半小时，我会头痛。然后我开始担心通过下一次考试。
在你的脑海里。保持愉快，一切很快就会好的。但我怎么能一直保持愉快呢？试着去看事物的光明面。但如果没有光明的一面呢？
你知道这句谚语：每一个云都有一个银衬里。它意味着双方的一切都
15分钟后，我感到很无聊。
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是黑暗和光明的一面。所以，试着找出你的长处，然后把他们带到充分的发挥。
泰德：哦，不！你的旧语录让我更加沮丧。Key : T F F T F l Viewing and speaking
Reporter:
They are, of course, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, but when a certain
Dr. Livingstone
chanced upon them 150 years ago, one can only
presume he didn't indulge in this...
Attendant:Reporter:
5, 4, 3, 2, 1 BUNGEE!
The Victoria Falls, long a favourite with tourists, now a mecca for bungee jumpers from across the bridge spanning the magnificent natural bungee jump in the world.
Man:
It just goes by so fast and just you don't really Simple as that, you don't know what's happening.
Woman:Reporter:
Um, it's pretty awesome, yeah it's cool! Briton Tim first rope.
Attendant #1:Attendant #2:Attendant #1:Tim Barker:Attendant:Tim Barker:Attendant:Reporter:
You gotta check one...
Barker is nervously contemplating his first ever jump; the
to an ankle harness and an elasticated
know what's happening.
globe. They launch themselves from the gorge. At 111 metres, it's
the highest
time he's trusted his life
Check two...
You gotta check one and two... I'm crazy. I don't know. A bit of adrenalin? No, I think I'm stupid! BUNGEE!
Are you glad you did it?
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Tim Barker:Reporter:
Yeah, I am. I'd never do it again though. No way!
The world's bungee aficionados describe this as the ultimate thrill, what you might call the alternative Victoria Falls. The experts are already taking the price,
danger to the limits, plunging into the
Zambezi before
springing back skywards. But if sheer fear isn't enough to deter you,
￡60 a jump, probably will. These thrills don't come cheap!
翻译：
记者：他们是，当然，一个世界七奇迹，但是当某个博士李文斯顿偶然150年前他们在，只能推测他没有沉醉在这…服务员：5，4，3，2，1的蹦极！
记者：维多利亚瀑布，长期喜爱的游客，现在麦加的蹦极者来自世界各地。他们从跨越宏伟的峡谷中发射自己。在高的天然蹦极。
男人：它只是这么快，只是你不知道发生了什么事。很简单，你不知道发生了什么。
女：嗯，这真是太棒了，是的，很酷！
记者：英国人提姆巴克是紧张地考虑他的第一次跳跃；的生命脚踝带和松紧绳。服务员：你要检查一# 1…服务员# 2：检查两…
服务员：你要检查# 1一、二…提姆：我疯了。我不知道。服务员：一点肾上腺素？提姆：没有，我觉得我很蠢！
他第一次将他
111米，它是世界上最
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服务员：蹦极！
记者：你很高兴你做到了吗？
提姆：是的，我是巴克。我再也不想做了。没办法！记者：世界蹦极爱好者认为这是终极的快感，
你可以称之为替代维多
利亚瀑布。专家们已经把危险的极限，陷入赞比西河在回弹天空。但如果纯粹的恐惧并不足以阻止你的价格，可不便宜！
Key ：(1) Seven (2) 150 (3) favourite (4) bridge (5) 111 (6) fast (7) Simple (8) trusted (9) stupid (10) did (11) No way (12) ultimate (13) limits (14) skywards (15)60 (16)cheap ￡
￡60跳，可能会。这些刺激
Unit 2 Beauty can be bought.
Ifdaehibcj II
(1)W:M:
Did you hear that Helen got that modeling job? Her dream was coming true. Wow, that's
great! All that walking practice
really
paid off. And for once
she won't be complaining about being so tall.
Q:(2)M:
Why did Helen get the modeling job? Julia,
come and see the Miss America contest on TV. All those beautiful
women
are walking around in bathing suits, so the judges can decide who has the best figure.
W:
Bah! That's the worst kind of exploitation.
They are treating
women like toys
for people to enjoy. I would never take part in this kind of contest.
Q:
What do the speakers think about the beauty contest?
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(3)W:What shall I do? I'm fat. I want to be slim and beautiful, but I'm fat. I've tried all the new diet
—high carb, low carb
—but nothing works.
Just follow
M:Those diets are just fads, popular for a while and then forgotten. the usual diet with fruits, vegetables, fish, water, and get plenty of exercise. Before long you'll see results.
Q:What has the woman tried? W1:I think Lily is really attractive.
She's half Spanish and has this really sultry look about her.
(4)
W2:That explains why she tans so well.
I've always been jealous of her skin color in the summer. Q:
Which of the following
is true of Lily?
(5)M:Trust me. It was right there on the Internet: \"Plastic surgery increasing at a faster rate among men\". Apparently more and more men are trying to improve their appearance.
W:I saw it too on the news. Facelifts, nose jobs, and Botox to hide wrinkles are now very popular vanity.
with men. They say it's for
business reasons, but we know it's
Q:What does the woman think the real reason is for men to have plastic surgery?
翻译：1）瓦特：你听说海伦得到了那个造型工作吗？她的梦想实现了。男：哇，那太好了！所有的步行练习真的回报了。有一次她不会抱怨这么高。
问：为什么海伦得到了建模工作？
（2）男：朱丽亚，来看看美国小姐的比赛在电视上。所有那些漂亮的女人都在洗澡的衣服上走来走去，所以法官们可以决定谁有最好的身材。
女：呸！这是最坏的剥削。他们在对待妇女喜欢的玩具，人们喜欢。我绝不会参加这种比赛。
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问：演讲者如何看待选美比赛？
（3）我该怎么办？我很胖。我想变得苗条和美丽，但我很胖。我尝试了所有的新饮食高碳水化合物，低碳水化合物，但没有工作。M：那些节食只是时尚，流行一时，然后被遗忘。只是按照通常的饮食，水果，蔬菜，鱼，水，并得到足够的锻炼。不久你就会看到结果。问：女人怎么想？（4）
W1：我认为百合花真漂亮。她有一半的西班牙，这真撩人的模样。W2：这解释了为什么她晒黑这么好。我一直嫉妒她的皮肤颜色在夏天。
问：下列哪一对是真的百合花？
（5）男：相信我。它在互联网上是正确的：“整形手术以更快的速度增长的人”。显然越来越多的男人正在努力改善他们的外表。我在新闻上也看到过。整容，隆鼻，和肉毒杆菌隐藏皱纹是现在很流行的男人。他们说这是因为商业上的原因，但我们知道这是一种虚荣。问：女人认为男人做整形手术的真正原因是什么？BACDB III 1.
Susan:Rebecca:
Rebecca, nice to run into you here. Shopping for anything special? Yes, Susan, makeup. You know, there's to make an impression on him.
Susan:
I'm the one who wears makeup, not you. I've always thought you looked very
a new boy in my law class and I want
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attractive without makeup
Rebecca:
—you know, sort of natural.
Well, thanks, Susan, but most girls wear makeup these days and I want to compete.
Susan:Maybe I can help. My suggestion is that you start it won't irritate your skin.
with a good makeup base.
Look here, this one is made from natural products from the Dead Sea, so
Rebecca:Susan:
OK. A bit expensive, but I guess I'm worth it. What's next?
You want to give a good overall impression. You have beautiful eyes, so you should highlight them with some mascara to make your eyelashes look fuller and thicker.
Rebecca:I'll buy this onetoo?
—also made from natural products. How about eyeliner
Susan:Yes, but you want a subtle color to bring out the green in your eyes... without looking like a clown!
Rebecca:That's what I want... to make other girls into green-eyed monsters. How does this one look?
Susan:Good choice. Now if we can add a bit of color to your cheeks, you will be the classiest of the class.
Rebecca:Thanks! But you haven't said anything about lipstick. I'll need a tube of that, too.
Susan:This color will perfectly complement to the rest of your makeup. You look
elegant and classy.
翻译：
苏珊：丽贝卡，很高兴在这儿碰到你。买什么特别的东西？丽贝卡：是的，苏珊，化妆。你知道，我的法律课上有一个新男孩，我想给他留下一个印象。
苏珊：我是个化妆的人，不是你。我一直认为你看起来很有吸引力，没有化妆，你知道，自然排序。
丽贝卡：好，谢谢，苏珊，但大多数女孩都化妆这几天，我想参加比赛。
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苏珊：也许我可以帮忙。我的建议是你从一个好的化妆基地开始。看这里，这一个是由天然产物从死海，所以它不会刺激你的皮肤。丽贝卡：好的。有点贵，但我想我是值得的。下一步是什么？苏珊：你想给人一个好的整体印象。你有一双美丽的眼睛，所以你应该用一些睫毛膏来突出他们，让你的睫毛看起来更丰满，更厚。丽贝卡：我会买这一个也由天然产品。如何画眼线吗？
苏珊：是的，但你想要一个微妙的颜色，使绿色在你的眼睛…不看像个小丑！
丽贝卡：那是我想要的…让其他女孩变成绿眼睛的怪物。的？
苏珊：好选择。如果我们现在可以给你的脸颊增添一点色彩，你将经典的类。
丽贝卡：谢谢！但你没有说什么关于口红。我也需要一个管。苏珊：这颜色将完全补充你的化妆。你看起来优雅和优雅。CAADB
2.Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I hope you'll find it interesting
learning how to be fashionable without spending too much money.
Sure, some famous stars always look stylish. They have unlimited clothing budgets that put the latest looks at their fingertips! But you can also look amazing without spending lots of money on your wardrobe. Simply try the following suggestions on for size.
First, make seasonal purchases; that is, you should buy winter coats, leather jackets, bathing suits, and summer dresses at the end of the season. You'll get major discounts as you stock up for the next year.
这是怎么看
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If you want clothes to wear right now, go to discount stores. They may not be the place to buy an expensive evening dress, but they're perfect for buying things like T-shirts.
There is yet another cheap way to buy stylish clothes. Many department stores have store brands, which offer current styles but are much cheaper than big-name brands.
To save money, an important principle is not to buy \"outfits\". With the exception of suits, interchangeable pieces are more affordable.
Wear-with-anything pieces are always a good buy. For example, you can almost always wear a pair of black trousers and a white dress shirt; you can wear them several times a week, paired with different accessories. Accessories such as nice shoes and fashionable bags make even the simplest outfit look polished.
Finally, a great haircut always helps. When your hair looks fabulous, you look more stylish and fashionable. 翻译：
2，女士们，先生们，下午好。我希望你会发现它有趣的学习如何成为时尚，而不花太多钱。
当然，一些著名的明星总是看起来很时髦。他们有无限的服装预算，把最新的看他们的指尖！但你也可以看到惊人的，而不花大量的钱在你的衣柜里。简单地尝试以下建议的大小。
首先，做季节性的购物，也就是说，你应该买冬天的外套，皮夹克，泳衣，夏天的衣服，在赛季末。明年你会得到很大的折扣。
如果你现在想穿衣服，去打折商店。他们可能不是一个购买昂贵的晚礼服的地方，但他们是完美的买东西，如T恤。
还有一种廉价的方式来购买时尚的衣服。许多百货商店都有专卖店的品牌，但目前的款式却比大名牌便宜得多。
为了省钱，一个重要的原则是不买“衣服”。与异常的西装，可换件更实惠。穿任何东西都是一个很好的购买。例如，你几乎可以穿一条黑色裤子和一件白色的衬衫，你可以一周穿几次，搭配不同的配件。配件如漂亮的鞋子和时尚的袋子，使即使是最简单的衣服看起来抛光。
最后，伟大的发型总是有帮助的。当你的头发看起来很好，你看起来更时尚和时尚。
Correct answer the end discounts T-shirts
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big-name brands Interchangeable pieces black trousers several times simplest
stylish and fashionable 3.A beauty contest, or
beauty pageant, is based mainly, though not only,
of
on the physical beauty of the contestants. But often it also includes
personality, talent demonstration, and question responses as criteria judgment.
The origin of modern beauty pageants can be traced to the Miss America Pageant, which was first held in Atlantic City in 1921. This pageant eventually included preliminary eliminations, an evening gown
competition, musical variety shows, and judging by the panel. Still, the contests were at first shunned by middle-class society. Pageants did not become respectable until World War II, when beauty queens were recruited to sell bonds and to entertain the troops. The Miss America Pageant is the largest provider of college scholarships for women in the world.
Many trade associations have multi-level beauty contests which select queens as ceremonial representatives. The queens may appear at official receptions to present awards, to represent the industry in festivals, to present consumer information to the public, or even to lobby for the
industry. For example the South Carolina Watermelon Queen may do a tour
of supermarkets to do tastings of different varieties of watermelons. With the increasing popularity of beauty contests, winners have become role models for many young girls. They aspire to become a beauty queen one day. However, there are also criticisms of beauty contests. Although some contests are not based purely on physical appearance, \"unattractive\" contestants are unlikely to win, no matter how talented, intelligent,
kind-hearted and educated they are. In addition, since \"beauty\" in these pageants is usually represented by unusually thin women, some people question this concept of beauty. Worse still, if a pageant violates the religious or cultural practices of a country, it may cause protests and demonstrations.
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翻译：、一个选美，或选美，主要是基于，虽然不只是，对选手的身体美。但也包括人格、才能示范和作为判断标准的问题回应。
现代选美的起源可以追溯到美国小姐选美比赛，这是第一次在亚特兰大市举行的1921。这一盛会，最终包括初步淘汰，晚礼服比赛、音乐综艺节目，由面板。不过，比赛的最开始是由中产阶级的社会排斥。选美不直到第二次世界大战成为受人尊敬的人，当选美皇后被招募来出售债券和慰问。美国小姐选美是世界上最大的大学奖学金的提供者。
许多行业协会有多层次的选美比赛，选择皇后作为礼仪代表。皇后会出现在公务接待活动颁奖，在节日代表行业，向公众提出信息消费，甚至游说行业。例如，南卡罗来纳州西瓜皇后可以做旅游超市做不同品种西瓜品尝会。随着选美比赛的日益普及，获奖者已经成为许多年轻女孩的楷模。他们渴望成为一个美丽的皇后。然而，也有批评的选美比赛。虽然有些比赛不是纯粹基于外表，“没有吸引力”
的参赛者是不可能获胜，无论多么优秀，聪明，善良和受过教育，他们是。另外，由于“美”在这些活动通常是由非常薄的女性代表，有人质疑这一概念的美。更糟糕的是，如果一个选美比赛违反了一个国家的宗教或文化习俗，它可能会引发和示威。
ABACD V let’s talkTask 1
In the early part of the 20th century, few people paid attention to fashion. It was only the very wealthy who changed their clothing styles to what they thought were the latest fashions of the day. Fashion in the 1900s was designed to give women an hourglass or s-curved figure. This was achieved by using a tightly fitting corset, stiff underwear worn around their hips and waist to make the body look slimmer. Compared to the last century, women's dresses became lighter in construction and material. A popular style in this period was the lingerie dress, a very light white
cotton dress with strips of open lace and net. In the 1900s women's hats
began to grow larger. A trend in the early part of this decade was to wear them tilted slightly forward. In Europe, men's clothes had become more
formal, but the opposite was true in the United States. There the popular style was brightly colored shirts with hard white collars worn under sporty jackets. In the 1900s men's hats continued to be very popular and were worn by both the rich and the poor. When a new type of hat was first introduced, there was often a period when people from different classes wore it. However, after some time usually members of only one class would
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wear it. In the early 20th century, top hats were typically worn by wealthy people especially at formal occasions, such as weddings and church services. Often they were accompanied by silk gloves and a cane. Poorer people, on the other hand, particularly younger workers, would usually wear cloth caps.
翻译：在第二十世纪早期，很少有人关注时尚。只有那些非常富有的人把他们的衣服样式改为他们认为最新的一天。在上世纪初，时尚是设计给女性沙漏或S曲线图。这是通过使用一个紧身胸衣，僵硬的内衣戴在他们的臀部和腰部，使身体看起来更苗条。与上个世纪相比，妇女的服装在建筑和材料上变得更轻。这时期的一种流行款式是内衣连衣裙，一件非常浅的白色棉布连衣裙，带着蕾丝和网。在上世纪初，妇女的帽子开始变大。在这十年的早期的一个趋势是穿他们稍微向前倾斜。在欧洲，男人的衣服变得更为正式，但在美国却恰恰相反。流行风格是色彩鲜艳的衬衫，穿着很硬的白色衣领，穿着运动夹克。在上世纪初，男人的帽子仍然是非常受欢迎的，无论是穷人还是富人，穿。当一个新类型的帽子首先介绍，通常是一个时期，当人们从不同的类穿它。然而，经过一段时间，通常只有一个类的成员会穿它。在第二十世纪初，特别是在正式场合，如婚礼和教堂服务，特别是在正式场合，人们通常会戴上顶帽子。他们经常伴随着丝绸手套和一根手杖。贫困的人，另一方面，特别是年轻的工人，通常会穿布帽。
wealthy clothing styles figure slimmer construction light larger formal
brightly colored the rich and the poor one class occasions Poorer people
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Further listening > Task 1
Stylist:Nick:Stylist:Nick:Stylist:
Nick:Stylist:
Nick:Stylist:Nick:
Stylist:Nick:Stylist:Nick:Stylist:Nick:Stylist:
Nick:欢迎下载Morning, sir. This chair, please. What can I do for you? A simple haircut
—short on the back and sides.
Very good. I can, of course, do something more fashionable for only $60. Sixty dollars! That's highway robbery
—twice what I ordinarily pay.
Perhaps, sir. But your haircuts haven't been in harmony with your character. Your hair is at war with your soul.
I've never heard of such a thing.
I'm an expert at matching hairstyles to personalities, if I may say. Believe me, you're suffering a \"disjunction\".
A disjunction? What the devil is a disjunction? Your hair does not match you.
This is utter nonsense. However, I'd like to hear how you'd solve this so-called problem.
Your character is artistic, imaginative. But your hair is dull. I can correct that imbalance in seconds.
OK, let me see what you can do about the... uh... disjunction, as you call
it.
We're going to use scissors to create peaks, which we'll keep in place with a liberal helping of gel... This tuft in the back we'll braid into a pigtail. Now, it's the new you!
I love it. It's just like me: imaginative and artistic. Now what are you doing? What's wrong?
Something's preventing your hairstyle from being a true fashion statement.
For heaven's sake, tell me what's missing.
Streaks. By putting in a few yellow streaks in your hair, it will become a work of art. Streaking will cost you more, but...
Do it. Forget the cost. But, by the way, what is the total getting to be?
How much am I paying to avoid the disjunction?
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Stylist:That's... $135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.
CAABA Task 2
John:
There goes Camilla. She looks gorgeous today, doesn't she? Her skin is as
smooth as a baby's bottom. Her lips are a perfect Cupid's bow. She must have dozens of admirers.
Becky:
I wonder what she looks like without all that makeup. She must put it on with a spoon. It's about her.
John:Becky:John:
Do I detect a hint of jealousy?
She has nothing for me to be jealous about.
I'll bet you believe in those sayings like, \"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.\"
Becky:
True beauty comes from within. Natural materials should be enough to it out.
John:
But do you always stick to those rules? I remember seeing you in the kitchen with some green substance smeared all over your face.
Becky:
They were cucumbers. They're natural healers of the skin. Haven't you heard people say on TV that they soften the skin, wipe out the roughness, and build strength and resilience?
John:
Yeah, yeah, yeah! They wipe out lines and age signs. Blah, blah, blah! See, I can even recite that advertisement.
Becky:John:
You've learned a lot, haven't you?
Since you can keep your skin so young-looking and maintain your figure so well, you might as well write a book on beauty secrets.
Becky:
Don't pull my leg. Anyway, you'd do well to try the cucumber treatment on yourself.
Put some cucumber slices
on your head. At least they'll
keep that
bald spot from shining so brightly.
bring
like a mask. I don't understand what men find so attractive
BABAB Task 3
Susan:
Hi, Rebecca, are you all excited about the big trip?
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Rebecca:Hi, Susan. I sure am. Mix business and pleasure and travel on an expense account.
Susan:It looks as if I'll have to pay extra for overweight luggage. How did you
manage to fit everything into one suitcase?
Rebecca:
You need to pack smart. First, I chose two colors, and then built my wardrobe around them.
Susan:
But we will need clothes for dress, casual wear, and sometimes sort of in-between \"dressy casual\".
Rebecca:
That's all true enough, but I have a pair of black dress slacks, with black shoes to match. If I wear that with my turquoise necklace and earrings, I will look dressed up.
Susan:Rebecca:Susan:Rebecca:
Sure you will, but that is only one outfit.
If I wear a T-shirt with the same slacks, I am more casual. And you really have two outfits, don't you?
Well, not really, I have three. If I bring a pashmina, or a dress scarf, I can dress up the T-shirt into casual chic.
Susan:Rebecca:
Three outfits? But your suitcase doesn't look nearly that full! Yes, and if I add a skirt that works with the blouse and the T-shirt, it increases the number of my wardrobe combinations even more.
Susan:
And different
accessories,
necklaces and scarves, for example, will give
silk blouse and a matching
you a different look again without adding much weight.
Rebecca:
Now my suitcase will be half empty, with lots of room for shopping.
Answers：
She chose two colors, then built her wardrobe around them.
She has a pair of black dress slacks, with black shoes to match. If she wears that with her turquoise silk blouse and a matching necklace and earrings, she will look dressed up.
If she wears a T-shirt with the black dress slacks, she is more casual. If she brings a pashmina, or another dress scarf, she can dress up the T-shirt into casual chic.
Her suitcase will be nearly empty, with lots of room for shopping.
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Viewing and speaking > Task 1
Andrew:
Voice-over:
Voice-over:Jenny:
Voice-over:
Jenny:
Voice-over:Jenny:
Voice-over:
欢迎下载Whereas in the 1960s clothing
designers were responding to the space age,
designers now are responding to the computer age, so they are literally combining clothing with new technology.
In the 1850s the hardworking cow-herders of the American West began wearing a brand-new style of heavy-duty cotton clothing. Double stitched
and fastened with rivets,
this functional
industrial
design solution
was
the brainchild of young entrepreneur Levi Strauss. The company that now bears his name is developing new industrial design solutions, but this time it's not for cow-herders,
it's
for the urban nomads of the information
age.
Jenny Arksey is the designer behind the ICD Plus jacket.
This is a new range of clothing we call ICD Plus. And it's the merging of electronics and fashion together. We have a phone, an MP3 player, headphones, and a microphone, and then we have our remote... our remote system here. So once somebody calls you and you have your earphones in, you will hear it ringing, and then all you have to do is to press the phone
key, and that will interrupt
and you can start speaking straight
away into
your collar.
To create the ICD Plus range, Levis went into partnership with the electronics company Philips.
Obviously Philips being an electronics industry
and Levis being a fashion
industry,
they're
actually
quite far apart. So the idea was to bring them
together and actually manufacture a finished product.
Like Vexed and C. P. Company, Jenny is designing for the mobile generation. I think this kind of product is very suitable to the modern-day worker who needs to be connected all the time, all day, to their phone, and to the music, and to the Internet
and to have the ability
to just keep moving.
Mobility
in this case comes at a price: 600 pounds a shot for the ICD Plus
jacket is a serious investment, and with all the wires, earphones, mobile
and MP3 player, you might find it a bit fiddly. The flaws are obvious, but this is only the beginning. It's a steppingstone to what we might expect in the future.
combining clothing with new technology brand-new style
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(1) (2)
(3) new industrial design solutions (4) electronics and fashion (5) into your collar
(6) went into partnership with (7) bring them together (8) the modern-day worker (9) 600 pounds
(10)
to what we might expect
Unit 3 Watch out when nature strikes back.
Lead in
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Basic listening
(1)W:Did you read the paper today? There was an earthquake in Brazil. M:
Yes, but it only measured 3.5 on the Richter scale. I don't think there would be any casualties.
Q:What is the man's opinion of the result of the earthquake? (2)W:
I'm a bit worried about Susan traveling to southern India.
It's
the rainy there, and there may be landslides.
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M:Susan can take care of herself. She won't go anywhere too risky. Besides, you can always
e-mail her if it makes you feel better.
Q:(3)M:W:
What is Susan doing?
Hi, I thought you were on holiday in Asia! Back already? We never got there! Our travel this year.
agent canceled our arrangements because the whole
region is flooded. We were so disappointed. We won't get another chance to go
Q:(4)M:
Which of the following statement is true about the woman?
Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by 12 hours. Can you believe it? A typhoon hit the east coast and it was chaos.
W:I saw it on the news. The flooding was hurt though.
and damage were terrible. I don't think anyone
Q:(5)W:M:
What is the consequence of the typhoon?
Did you see that program last night about volcanoes? It was fascinating! Yes, the weird thing is the molten lava looks so beautiful, yet it's so destructive.
And I couldn't
believe how far the ash can travel.
I'm glad we don't
have any volcanoes here!
Q:What is the man's description of lava?
DACBC Listening in Task 1
Son:Mother:Son:
Hi, mom, what are we having for dinner tonight? I haven't started yet. Why, have you any requests?
How about tsunami for a change—I don't know what it is, but I heard some Japanese people using the word on the bus the other day. Sounds like a food. Maybe it's similar to sushi.
Mother:
Nonsense. Tsunami comes from Japanese words meaning harbor and wave. If we had a tsunami, it would be the other way around, young man.
Son:Mother:
Why? What is it?
I mean it could swallow you up. A tsunami is an enormous series of very
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powerful waves.
Son:Mother:
Could we surf on them? That would be cool! They're not cool. They are very destructive. everything in their path.
Son:Mother:
What causes them?
I think they are caused by some sort of shock, like an earthquake, volcano, or landslide, that starts a chain reaction in the ocean.
Son:Mother:
Do the waves get so big that they crush buildings?
Easily. They can be dozens of meters high. They toss cars and houses around as though they were children's toys.
Son:Mother:
Can you see them coming?
You can see them at quite a distance. But there's not much you can do. In the open ocean they move at up to 800 kilometers per hour, but when it reaches the shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger.
Son:Mother:
How big?
They can reach 30 meters, big enough to finish you off in one gulp.
When they pound the shores
of populated areas, they cause tremendous damage. They destroy
BCADC Task 2
South Africa is heading for a disaster in the new year because of a drought.
The water levels at some dams have dropped to under 20 percent while the ground water table has dropped by as much as 30 meters.
Emergency measures have been introduced to ensure that millions of people have enough water to survive. In rural areas without dams, the government has to send water by truck and sink new, deeper wells to provide drinking water. Tanked water is provided to about 3.5 million South Africans. People here normally use barely 30 liters a day, and it is impossible to further limit their usage. That is why agricultural use has to be restricted.
More than 100,000 farm workers might lose their jobs if it does not rain soon. Water restrictions, which have a negative influence on the
agricultural sector in particular, have already been imposed on several districts. Farmers have been forced to stop irrigating their crops to
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ensure that enough water is available for domestic use. Maize farmers in the eastern parts of the country have almost no hope of planting their
crops in time. They need rain within the next two weeks to be able to start planting. Where farmers did sow, the seedlings have been scorched under the sun.
An estimated 40,000 head of livestock have died because of the dry spell. Thousands of stock farmers will have to slaughter their livestock on a large scale because there is no grass left. The parts suffering the most are rural areas without dams. If it does not rain, people there will face a huge crisis.
BBABA Task 3
A natural disaster is the consequence of a hazardous event, occurring when human activities are affected by adverse natural phenomena such as flood, drought, hailstorm, heat wave, forest fire, hurricane, typhoon, tornado, tsunami, landslide and mudslide, or volcanic eruption. The scale of the resulting deaths or property damage depends on the human ability to resist the disasters.
Sometimes two seemingly different disasters may be related to each other. For example, an undersea earthquake may result in a tsunami. While there is a long dry spell in one area, there may be a great flood in another.
A drought is a long-lasting weather pattern consisting of dry conditions with very little or no precipitation. During this period, food and water supplies can run low, and other conditions, such as famine, can occur. Droughts can last for several years and are particularly damaging in areas in which the residents depend on agriculture for survival.
A flood follows too much rain or water in a location, and could be the result of many different conditions. Floods can be caused by heavy rainfall from a storm, including thunderstorms, rapid melting of large amounts of snow, or rivers which swell from too much precipitation upstream, causing widespread damage to areas downstream. Another possible cause of floods is the bursting of man-made dams.
Correct answer drought
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tsunami undersea result in dry spell flood
water supplies famine agriculture heavy rainfall melting swell
man-made dams
Let’s talkTask 1
Disaster has struck in Haiti. An earthquake of huge proportions erupted in the Caribbean island—one of the poorest communities in the West. Buildings, which were badly built, tumbled, burying thousands of people in their own homes.
Haiti is a poor country with few emergency services to help. The islanders had to use their bare hands to search for their families. They waited for teams from overseas countries like Britain and the United States to bring equipment and manpower to help rescue any survivors they could find. It's feared that more than 100,000 people have died. One school friend lies injured on the pavement. Another voices her sorrow. The historic cathedral was badly damaged; and at the presidential palace, the roof collapsed.
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The islanders here know about earthquakes. Haiti lies in an area where there are frequent tremors and also tropical storms. But last week's earthquake registered seven on the Richter scale—almost as high as the scale can go. It was the biggest for 200 years. It happened eight
kilometers beneath the Earth's crust—that's quite close to the surface, so the tremors were really strong.
There were also lots of aftershocks—tremors that happen after the main earthquake. Those aftershocks can also cause damage as buildings collapse further and trap people who might have survived the first disaster.
The British government has promised 20 million pounds of aid to help and many people have also made donations.
Now the concern is to prevent disease hitting areas without clean water or enough medical help.
Correct answer erupted burying few overseas rescue injured damaged islanders seven biggest close aftershocks trap
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Haiti, -
20 million pounds disease
Further listening > Task 1
A typhoon lashed southern China on Thursday with strong winds and heavy rain, killing two people.
The typhoon hit the coastal areas of Guangdong Province at 1:45 p.m. on Thursday, with wind speeds up to 126 kilometers per hour. It came as the
nation was still fighting its worst flooding in 10 years, which is expected to continue as the typhoon season gains pace.
The Guangdong provincial flood-control headquarters said the typhoon had caused economic losses of more than two billion yuan in the province, damaging more than 2,000 houses.
The strong winds, up to 35 meters a second, blew down many trees and billboards in the urban areas, paralyzing local traffic. Electricity,
telecommunications and water services were cut in some areas. A local resident said he saw the raincoats of many pedestrians lifted by the gale, while many umbrellas were blownaway. Two people were killed by the storm in the western part of the province.
Before this typhoon, the province had already been plagued by torrential rains and subsequent flooding, which has killed hundreds of people over the past several weeks and caused dozens of rivers and lakes across the region to reach danger levels.
Meteorologists forecast that six to eight major typhoons are expected in the coming months and told people to avoid unnecessary trips outdoors until the all-clear is given.
To prepare for the typhoons, the government issued emergency notices to its subordinate departments, urging them to take effective measures to protect people's lives and try to keep economic losses to aminimum. Priorities have been given to protect agriculture, reservoirs, dams, and coastal and river dikes in the flood-hit cities. More than 30,000 boats were required to return to ports to avoid the disaster while over 7,000 fishermen were evacuated to safety areas. At least 26 flights have been canceled at the airport.
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BADAC Task 2
A fire started on some grassland near a farm in Alberta, Canada. The fire department from the nearby town was called to put the fire out. The fire proved to be more than the small town fire department could handle, so someone suggested that a rural volunteer fire company be called. Since the company was composed entirely of men over 65, there was doubt that they would be of any assistance. But with no other help available, the farmer called the fire company anyway.
The volunteer fire company's men arrived in a dilapidated old fire truck. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping in front of the fire, drove right into the middle of the flames. The volunteer
firemen jumped off the truck and started spraying water in all directions. Soon they had put out the center of the fire, breaking the blaze into two easily controllable parts. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire.
The farmer was impressed by the brave volunteer firemen and their work. He was so grateful that his farm had been spared that he presented the volunteer fire company with a check for $10,000.
A local news reporter asked the volunteer fire captain what the company
planned to do with the funds. The fireman looked him right in the eye and said, \"That should be obvious. The first thing we're going to do is to get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck.\"
1. Since the company was composed entirely that they would be of any assistance.
of men over 65, there was doubt
But the farmer called the company anyway because the fire proved to be
more than the small town fire department could handle, and there was no other help available.
2. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping in front of the fire, drove right into the middle of the flames.
3. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire. 4. He presented the volunteer fire company with a check for $10,000.
5. The captain said, \"The first thing we're going to do is to get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck.\" That suggests that they drove right into the middle of the flames because of useless brakes rather than bravery.
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Task 3
A blizzard is a severe weather condition characterized by low temperatures and strong winds, greater than 35 miles per hour, bearing a great amount of snow.
Because the factors for classifying winter storms are complex, there are many different definitions of what a blizzard truly is. But it is generally agreed that in order to be classified as a blizzard, as opposed to merely a winter storm, the weather must meet several conditions. The storm must decrease visibility to a quarter of a mile for three hours running, include snow or ice as precipitation, and have wind speeds of at least 32 miles per hour, which means force seven or more on the wind scale.
Another standard, according to Environment Canada, is that the winter storm must have winds of 40 kilometers per hour or more, plenty of snow, visibility less than one kilometer, a temperature of less than minus 25 degrees Celsius, and all of these conditions must last for four hours or more, before the storm can properly be called a blizzard.
When all of these conditions continue after snow has stopped falling, storm is referred to as a ground blizzard.
the
An extreme form of blizzard is a whiteout, when the downdrafts, together with snowfall, become so severe that it is impossible to distinguish the ground from the air. People caught in a whiteout can quickly become disoriented, losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction. Severe blizzards can also occur along with arctic cyclones.
ABCDC
Viewing and speaking > Task 1
Voice-over:
Trapped indoors by raging floodwaters for more than 24 hours, a 91-year-old
woman is rescued by firemen and carried to safety.
It's
the worst flooding in Coggeshall and the surrounding villages in Essex in more than 50 years, and it's taken residents here by surprise.
Elderly
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I came from home, because my place was flooded with burst pipes, so
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woman:I came down to my son's to be safe and got this. So, I just wonder what I've done wrong to get all this!
Voice-over:Emergency crews have been evacuating people like this woman and her baby since the banks of the River Blackwater burst this weekend. Parts of eastern England were hit yesterday after a month's worth of rain fell
here in a day. People told me there was no time to save
their belongings.
Woman:By the time the high tide had come up at quarter to four in the morning, the water was up to the piano keys. It'd the water had come up to.
come right up here,
and I mean you can just see on the, on the, on the furniture where
Voice-over:There was flooding at this doctor's to normal.
in Cambridgeshire too. Staff were mopping up water surgery in Borne, trying
to get the facilities
back
Doctor:It's wrecked all the computer system. It's managed unfortunately to
get to a few of the old notes. It's sessions.
Voice-over:
also affected all our drugs that
are here, including the flu jabs we were hoping to run our flu jabs
A few roads in Essex in Cambridgeshire remain virtually but water levels are dropping. The question for residents here now is what will days.
impassable,
happen if they get even more heavy rain in the next few
rescued worst flooding surprise flooded my son's crews burst hit
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save high tide furniture normal
computer system drugs heavy
Unit 4
Is work just another four-letter word?
Lead in
c d a e h f i g b Basic listening
(1)M:Do you see yourself as a leader or more of a team player?
W:
Well, it depends on the circumstances. I usually enjoy working as part of a team and helping everyone work together. But if the leadership is weak, I'm not afraid to take over in order to achieve the goal at hand.
Q:What does the woman want to be?
(2)W:Good morning, I have an appointment with Mr. Davies at 11 o'clock. M:
Yes, he left a message for you saying he's terribly sorry but he's stuck in traffic and is running 15 minutes late. Please take a seat and he'll be here as soon as possible. Would you like tea or coffee?
Q:
Where is the conversation probably taking place?
(3)W: You don't look happy. Didn't you get that promotion? M: No, they brought in some new guy. I'm not going to hang around for much longer, I can assure you. Q:
Why is the man unhappy? (4)W:
Mr. Jones is a self-made millionaire, and I'm honored to have worked for him for the past 30 years as his accountant.
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M:Q:
(5)M:W:
He must be pleased to have a loyal and faithful employee like you. What is true of the woman?
you for the new office
manager position.
We've been very
Jane, we're considering pleased with your work.
Thank you very much. I've always enjoyed working here, and I would welcome an opportunity for more responsibility.
Q:Which of the following is true?
CBABD Listening in Task l
Joan:
Come in, come in. Have a seat. Ah... uh... I want you to know this is going to hurt me more than it will hurt you.
Carl:Joan:Carl:
Yes, ma'am. But I'm not quite sure what you're talking about. You're fired. That's what I'm talking about.
I find that surprising, Miss Jackson. After all, I sold 25 percent more of our products than any other salesperson.
Joan:Carl:
Look, I'm not here to argue. You're fired. Understand?
Well, I just wonder what's going to happen to the contract I've been arranging.
It would be a shame to lose it;
it could mean a lot to our company.
And I'm the only one who knows the details.
Joan:
No one is indispensable. Just clear out your desk and that's the end of it. Do I make myself clear, Mr. Westlake?
Carl:Joan:Carl:Joan:
Crystal clear, apart from one small detail. And what is that detail?
I'm not Mr. Westlake. I'm Carl Smith.
Well then, that's a different kettle of fish, Mr. Smith. I know you've been
working late almost every night and coming in on Saturdays to get work done. The company is very happy with your progress.
Carl:Joan:
That's good to know. I was beginning to think that I wasn't appreciated. You're doing well. We have approved your first salary increase.
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Carl:That's great! Thank you! I'll certainly try to live up to the trust you have
demonstrated in me with this raise in pay.
CBDAA Task 2
Lillian:
Mr. Baxter, you have worked in the company for five years, and now you manage everything here smoothly, like a clock. Could you tell us the secrets of your successful career?
Baxter:
Just as the golden rule of real estate is \"location, the golden rule of work is \"relationships, Unfortunately,
location,
location\
relationships, relationships\".
many workers focus so hard on the job at hand that they never
develop useful relationships with people in other parts of their organization. Worse, when they do interact with colleagues in other departments, they may not treat them with respect.
Lillian:Baxter:
Could you give me more details?
Let's take Wendy as an example. She switched jobs several months ago in the company. In her first
position,
as a marketing manager, she frequently
found herself in conflict with the financial department over her staff's expenses. Her argument for more funds usually ended in vain. Then in her new job as training administrator, she wanted to launch an on-the-job training project. She needed the financial department to support her request for a budget. How did she convince them this time? Although the financial to visit
department's
offices
were located in another city, and try to establish
their mission
Wendy decided and their
own
them in their offices
closer relationships.
She believed she must first of all understand
training needs. Then she found an ally in the company's chief financial officer, who saw how her group could help develop his staff. Thus the two forged a long-term
alliance,
which led to a training
program so successful
that it has since been picked up by the company's offices in Germany and Japan. Winning allies throughout your organization has an additional benefit. These days, it's far too risky to expect your work to speak for itself.
Having allies
who speak well of you increases your reputation
with
the top management.
Relationships marketing manager
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in conflict with expenses ended in vain training administrator visited
establish closer relationships long-term picked up Task 3
With the invention of modern laptops and the advances in broadband
Internet access and communication software, there is no longer a need to work in the office. More and more people are starting to work from home.
Opinions on this new trend vary as there are both pros and cons of working from home.
The disadvantages are obvious. To begin with, you may feel lonely at home since you lack social interaction and face-to-face communication with colleagues. Besides, there are many distractions at home: Your wife and kids may knock on your door or call you any time. You yourself may want to stop and have a cup of coffee or find something to eat from time to time. Without the office discipline, you may even be tempted to play computer games. What's more, it may be very monotonous if you have to stay at home all day long.
On the other hand, many people think the pros of working at home outweigh the cons. The most obvious benefit is flexibility. You don't have to wake up to an alarm clock early in the morning, and you can work any time you
want and in any way you want. For those who are more productive at night, working from home must be a paradise. Moreover, without a boss supervising you over your shoulder, you feel less stress. Like to work in
pajamas?Fine.Like to listen to heavy metal at the highest volume while you are designing? Go for it. Also, people that work in the home
environment value immensely the extra time they can spend with their loved ones. As a mom or dad, you will be in a much better position to educate and take care of your children.
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CDDCA Let's talk Task 1
Ayesha:
In the newsroom you have about 16 reporters. part of the room, and you have features
The news reporters
sit in one
on the other side of the room. I'm
just going to see Kev, he's my news editor and he's gonna do a brief, basically brief me on a story that's happening later on. When I walk into my newsroom I don't know what to expect. You start at eight but you don't know how long that's gonna go on for. Hello.
Kevin:
Hi Ayesha. So we're really looking for a featurey sort of piece for tomorrow's paper.
Ayesha:
Frenchay Hospital, which is one of our hospitals in Bristol. They're celebrating
their 10 years of this head injury
unit, and we've been invited
up. We're gonna obviously cover and take pictures, and I'm gonna get to speak to people. So he was really giving me guidelines.
Kevin:
You know when you're doing your interviews, treatment they've gone through. OK?
Ayesha:
Yeah. Excellent! Thank you!
Well, I've just started writing up for my next, and just basically from the day. I've got to get something through, I think, by about four.
Sometimes I come back and I've got so much going on in my hands. So I'm just trying
to, sort of, just work it through. Deadlines are very stressful.
But you have to meet them because it's important; it's part of what newspaper journalism is all about. You get used to it by getting the guidance, managing your time, but it's that's my story. Exciting!
still
scary. OK. It's
all done. OK.
This is the Bristol final. If I have a look at page 14, there we are, and
speak to people in some detail
about, you know, how they were injured in the first place, but then the
16 features brief
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eight paper guidelines interviews treatment come back Deadlines meet guidance scary
Further listening > Task 1
George Adams, a market researcher at a company, finally printed his marketing report. After months of research, hundreds of surveys, and several boring drafts, his report was complete, and just in time. going away for the weekend. He wanted to relax because his report was a success. He carefully proofread his document and then delivered copies to all the executives on his distribution list.
He was
When he returned to his desk, he discovered his boss, the department manager, was livid. At first he did not realize he had accidentally gone over his head. Anyway, his boss had given him the distribution list in
the first place. So he thought he was just following orders. But the boss was furious that she hadn't seen the final document.
The boss asked Adams to get back all the copies, but it was too late. When Adams got to the CEO's office, he was already reading the report. Adams had felt friction with his boss before. She was overbearing and tended to find fault with his work after he'd broken his back to meet
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deadlines. In this instance, however, he realized he had made a serious error. His boss was extremely upset, for his mistake made her look as though she wasn't in control of her department.
From the boss's point of view, Adams was usurping her authority. was simple and natural: Adams left his job soon afterward.
The result
Adams's story illustrates a fundamental truth about the workplace: Small, seemingly innocent missteps can sometimes become a big career destroyer.
DBCAC Task 2
Sam:Tell me: Does this place look like a nursing home? Sally:No. Why?
Sam:Do I look like a male nurse? Sally:Not at all.
Sam:
Then why do my employees act as though this were a nursing home instead of a workplace?
Sally:You're obviously upset. What's wrong? Tell me. Sam:You're right. I'm upset about a lot of things.
Sally:Can you tell me what the problems are? Maybe there's something I can do. Sam:
First of all I'm upset because so many staff have been showing up late for work.
Sally:
It's true. A lot of people have been coming in late. They probably think you don't mind. You know, the atmosphere here is pretty relaxing.
Sam:Maybe it's because I hang out a lot with them outside the office. Sally:
They must see you more as a buddy than a boss. It's because you're so friendly.
Sam:
You're right.
They don't view me as an authority
figure
anymore. I'm they don't respect me as a boss.
Sally:So what are you going to do about it?
Sam:
I'm going to change. No more Mr. Nice Guy. I'm going to start cracking the whip.
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Sally:Sam:
When do you want this change to take place? Starting
today, I'm going to lay down the law. From now on, everyone in the
company must follow regulations to the letter.
Sally:Sam:
I'll post a notice as soon as possible. What should it say?
No more punching in late. No more clocking out early. No more calling in sick without a doctor's note.
Sally:Sam:Sally:
Anything else?
No more personal phone calls or e-mails in company time! All right. I'll get right on it!
BABAB
Task 3
1. They gathered for lunch to welcome the new Chief Executive Officer, Carl Martin, and say goodbye to the departing CEO, Dick Jackson. 2. The departing CEO left three numbered envelopes for the new CEO. 3. The message read, \"Blame your predecessor.\" So, the new CEO held a press conference and tactfully laid the blame at the feet of the previous CEO.
4. The message read, \"Reorganize.\" The new CEO did it, and the company quickly rebounded.
5. The message said, \"Prepare three envelopes.\" It implied that it was time for Carl to leave and give three similar envelopes to the next CEO.
Viewing and speaking Task 1
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You don't come into journalism for the money. When you start, you're sort of earning, I think, about 150 to 180 pounds a week, which really isn't very much to live on. But then as you move up, you get more, so you're looking to get 14,000 a year, 15,000, 16,000 a year. And you know you're working really long hours, and it's hard work. OK thanks, bye.
Waiting for phone calls and waiting for people to get back to you is really frustrating. Like today I had other things to keep me going and I was doing other things, but you know I've got this thing over my head because I know I've got to get this quote and I've got to keep chasing it and then while you're working on other stories whether they're bigger or smaller ones you know. It's very frustrating because you just want to get this done and out of the way, but it just doesn't happen.
Journalism is just a, is a great career to go into because (there's) so
much you can do. So you can stay in newspapers, you can go into radio, television—there's just so much out there, and I guess at the stage where I am—sort of just starting out, just really looking at what there is and what I will enjoy doing more.
In 10 years I think I'd like to be an editor of a section of a national paper either here or abroad, 20 years, launching my own paper. Journalism is just fantastic because you don't know what's happening on a day-to-day basis. You meet so many different people and it just puts you in such a privileged position. And I just love it. I just think it's great.
earning live on frustrating head chasing television editor
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launching basis Privileged
Unit 5 Distant pastures are always greener.
Basic listening
(1)W:
Why do some people stay in one job for life while others switch jobs from time to time?
M:
Some people want a fixed routine so that they don't have to adapt to new circumstances over and over again, while others think variety is the spice of life!
Q:
(2)M:
Why do some people stick to one job for life?
Cathy, you've been late for work so many times lately to warn you that any repetition will result in your dismissal.
W:
I'm sorry. I
promise to be on time from now on.
Perhaps I could
that I have
work later to make up for the time I've lost.
Q:
What does the woman say?
（3）M:Mrs. Brown, my time here has been frustrating for me. I have a better
opportunity with another firm, and I'm taking it.
W:
We won't be sorry to see you leave, Richard. You've done your best to make everyone here as miserable as you are.
Q:
How does the woman feel about the man's leaving? （4）W:
Mr. Stone, I wanted to tell you in person that at the end of this month I'll be leaving the company.
M:
Well, Jane, we are certainly going to miss you here, but I wish you the of luck.
Q:
What is the woman going to do?
best
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（5）Tim, I hate to tell W:M:
lay you off. I'm sorry.
you this, but we're caught in a budget crunch, and we must
I understand. I've enjoyed my time here. Don't worry I can find something else.
about me. I'm confident
Q:What is the man's response?
BDACDListening in Task 1
Manager:Adam:
Adam! Have you any suggestions about how we can avoid bankruptcy? Downsizing would certainly reduce our operating costs. You know, lean and mean, the way you have to be in today's market.
Manager:Adam:
Where do you suggest we start making these staff cuts? The logical overstaffed.
Manager:
That's not going to go over very well with have been with the company for years.
Adam:
It's
a painful
process, but there's
no other choice. They'll
just have
our employees. Some of them
place to start would be in administration.
They're usually
to accept the idea.
Manager:Adam:
We can give them a fairly I know. And I think office staff
Manager:
decent severance package when they're
the office,
fired.
that if we computerize we could reduce a lot of paperwork.
by about 20 percent just by eliminating
percent of
OK. If we lay off 20 the administrative staff, will that be
enough to get the company back on its feet?
Adam:
Unfortunately not. We'll also need to make some cuts in the service department.
Manager:
How can we do that and maintain the level of service that we offer our customers?
Adam:
Well, we'll have to retrain the service staff and streamline our operations, so we won't need as many people to run things smoothly.
Manager:
Well, this is tough, but I really If we keep losing
don't think we have any other choice.
to shut everything down.
money like this, we'll have
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BACCD Task 2
Although the scarcity of employment opportunities for college graduates has shown no signs of improving, the shortage does not prevent young employees from job-hopping.
The Chinese young people who graduated from college three years ago have on average changed jobs twice. According to a report by an education consulting agency, 88 percent of these changes were voluntary, with the graduates choosing to resign instead of being fired.
In the Pearl River Delta, one of China's economic centers, less than 20
percent of newly recruited college graduates remained for more than a year in the first company where they had worked.
Entrepreneurs are worried that the job-hopping fever among graduates will destabilize their companies and harm long-term development. To prevent constant job-hopping, some enterprises have actually started withholding their employees' graduation certificates; some even hold back wages.
Experts are studying the causes of this trend toward job switching.
According to the report, 33 percent of the respondents changed jobs for better career prospects, 25 percent due to low salaries, and 13 percent just wanted to try new professions. Experts also analyzed the deep-rooted reasons for the frequent job changes. Enterprises usually ranked the five most desirable qualities as a sense of responsibility, professional ethics, communication skills, learning ability, and problem-solving
ability. But in a university education those five qualities were sometimes listed in the reverse order.
Although employers value highly a sense of responsibility and
professional ethics, many inexperienced graduates made concessions by accepting a temporary position, taking it as a springboard to a better job. Today's young people are usually the only child in the family. Many of them have been brought up by doting parents, and are now bitterly disappointed at the low-paying jobs offered them.
Sometimes firms have disillusioned college graduates by having no
long-term development strategies. If there is neither proper planning nor training for employees, they see only a dim future.
FTFTF
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Task 3
In some cases companies inform their employees in advance that lay-offs
are coming. In other cases, they come without warning: You arrive on time for work on a Friday, but you are told not to come next week. Ouch!
In either case, you may be able to sense some bad signs in advance. Maybe the company has tried very hard to avoid lay-offs; maybe it has been preparing for the worst for quite some time. If you think about the bad
omens carefully, you might know as much as or even more than some of the employees in managerial positions with management responsibilities. For example, if you work in sales, you might know that quotas have not been met. If you work in field engineering, you might notice far fewer customer installations. If your company's competitors, suppliers or customers are laying off employees, it's likely your company will too, especially if economic conditions are affecting your industry. Check the lay-off statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Search the Net and your local newspaper too for articles concerning lay-offs in your industry.
Do things like bad sales always mean that lay-offs are coming to your company? Not necessarily. Companies have seasonal and economic sales dips all the time, and are always looking for ways to improve their performance. So, if you see only one or two bad signs, don't jump to a hasty conclusion. But if you see more, especially along the lines of earnings warnings, budget cuts, hiring freezes, restructuring, and massive lay-offs in your industry, it might just be time to get your résumé up-to-date and start looking for a new job. Also, it might be a good idea to cancel your vacation, implement money-saving measures, and become more useful on your job. You should prepare in advance if you think you might get the axe soon.
DCBCA Let's talk Task 1
Voice-over:
Fraser likes John's idea of renting a factory, but he still wants to supply supermarkets. He's done some research and found a factory on
the Isle of Bute that he likes the sound of. Fraser likes the factory,
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Fraser:
Manager:Voice-over:
Fraser:
Voice-over:
John:
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but can they meet his desire for supermarket capacity?
Obviously I produce all the products in the kitchen at home, um, and the plan is to, obviously move it into a commercial setting so that we can, um, produce for larger, sort of, retailers. We're probably looking initially maybe, um, between five and, er, ten thousand a month, um... probably growing to, sort of... twenty to thirty
thousand
within the first six months.
That's quite a lot.
Fraser decides against the factory because they can't make his supermarket quantities.
When... when we... when I met... last met John, he thought it would be a good idea for me to, kinda, set up my own factory, and produce the stuff myself, and sell it to just a handful of delis, and then, rack up more delis and, er, grow that way, um... which didn't really appeal to me. It was a bit, kinda, slow and, er... you know I'm happy
to kinda jump in at the deep end, as it were, and just go straight for
the, kinda, um, the larger retailers.
John's worried. Fraser has not taken his advice. His high-risk strategy
of going straight to the supermarkets could come off, but it's a real gamble.
Fraser's
a one-man band, and I'm very concerned that he hasn't got the
backup and the support to deal with huge supermarkets at this stage in his business development.
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Further listening > Task 1
Joblessness can lead to a series of problems, and it is not easy to solve them.
First of all, being jobless often means lacking social contact with fellow employees, and lacking a purpose for many hours of the day. Also, it obviously affects your ability to pay bills and to purchase the necessities of life.
Lack of this ability is especially serious for those with family obligations, debts, or medical costs, and it is especially true in a country like the United States, where the availability of medical insurance is often linked to holding a job.
Some maintain that jobless people can rely on unemployment insurance, but this is not true. Unemployment insurance in the U.S. typically does not even replace 50 percent of the income one receives on the job, and one
cannot receive it forever. Therefore, the unemployed often end up tapping
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welfare programs such as Food Stamps or accumulating formal debt to banks or informal debt to friends and relatives.
Some hold that low-income jobs provide a solution to joblessness, but this is not true either. Since it is difficult or even impossible to get
unemployment insurance benefits without having worked in the past,
job-seekers have to accept low-income jobs. Thus, unemployment insurance keeps a ready supply of low-paid workers. To make things worse, many employers take advantage of this. When they resort to such management techniques as low wages and benefits, as well as few chances for advancement, they bear the unemployment insurance option in mind. Under increasing unemployment pressure, jobless people suffer from a variety of financial, psychological and social problems. Increased
unemployment encourages bad health and raises in both crime and suicide rates.
ABCDA Task 2
Barbara:
I've really got to think about my future. You've heard of the cutbacks the management is making, right?
Alan:Barbara:
Oh, yes. I've heard it. But you haven't anything to worry about.
Around here you never know from one day to the next whether you can keep your job.
Alan:
Come on, they won't let you go. You've been here for so long. Besides, you're good at your job.
Barbara:Alan:Barbara:
That may be, but I feel that I've reached the glass ceiling Glass ceiling? What do you mean by that?
I've been working here for 10 years. I haven't gotten a promotion in three years. I thought I should be vice president by now. If I were a man, I'm sure I would be vice president.
Alan:
There's no official
company policy,
but it's
true that they don't promote
in this company.
women to management positions here.
Barbara:
I can see the writing on the wall. I think it's time to change jobs, and maybe even careers, if I want to get ahead.
Alan:
Change careers? That's a big jump. If you change careers, what will you do?
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Barbara:I'm doing market research here, but I studied public relations I'd like to do PR for a large multinational company.
in college.
Alan:That sounds exciting, and the pay would be better, too. Yeah, if I were you, I would keep an eye on the job postings on the Internet.
Barbara:Thanks, I will.
TTFFF
Viewing and speaking Task 1
Voice-over:
It's time for John to make his first visit to see if he can help turn things around. He really
has his work cut out this time, but will Matt
family home. John needs to get a handle
be prepared to take on board any of John's suggestions? They meet at Sticmatz HQ, the Aitkenhead's
on Matt, his business and his expectations.
John:
For the forthcoming financial year, how many units are you hoping to sell?
Matt:
Really, I'd expect to sell very... a minimum of three million units by this time next year.
John:Matt:John:
Three million units? Yeah.
Three-million-unit expansion?
Matt:
We're really,
really
gonna hop on the marketing and sales in a way that
scratched the surface of. We're looking for
do a lot of grass roots
sales next year? That's an awesome target.
So what
is this business going to do in the current year to fuel that phenomenal
we haven't even touched...
two quality salespeople, and we can now more aggressively market the product at trade shows, um, and just generally marketing to really get the brand out there.
Voice-over:
John's read the business plans, seen the product, and met the entrepreneur. To him, the problems are obvious.
John:
They've clearly
got some very real challenges.
Firstly
they must raise
some money. And that is not going to be easy. The sales targets for next year are wildly optimistic. Three million units. Now that would be a hard task, even if they had a fully-fledged operational, functioning sales and marketing department, which they don't have.
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They're going to need to employ the right people. They need to get the money from the investment to employ some hard-headed salesmen.
Voice-over:
But can Matt deliver on getting the investment before the business sinks?
John:
Firstly you must raise some money. So the first priority, having got the money, is to employ an experienced salesman.
Matt:Ahem.
John:
You need to employ someone who understands branding, understands negotiation with supermarkets, or national chains.
Unit 6
The truth can be stranger than fiction.
Lead in
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Basic listening
(1)W:M:
What's that? Is it a toy? Did it get chewed by a dog?
Hey, that's my mascot! My uncle gave it to me when I was five, and it's
been with me ever since. It brought me luck in all my exams. I can't bring myself to part with it.
Q:(2)W:
What does the man say about his mascot? Wish me luck! I've got a job interview this afternoon. I'm really nervous.
M:
Stay calm, best of luck! I've got my fingers crossed for you.
Q:
Why does the man say he has crossed his fingers for the woman?
(3)W:M:
Oh no! Did you see that black cat walk right in front of me? That's unlucky! Really? I guess it depends on where you come from. In my home town it's the opposite.
It's
lucky to see a black cat cross your path. So no need to worry!
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Q:(4)M:
Who thinks seeing a black cat passing the path is unlucky?
Guess what I did this morning. I smashed my mirror. A great way to start the day!
W:Q:(5)M:
Oh no! Seven years' bad luck, isn't it? What happened in the morning?
I can't believe this rain! It's been pouring for hours! Where can I dry my umbrella?
W:Not in here please! It's unlucky to open an umbrella indoors. You can put it on the porch.
Q:Where does the woman ask the man to dry his umbrella?
CCADB Listening in Task 1
W:My brother is going to pick up some tickets
interested in coming with us?
M:I don't know. I've seen card tricks
before and rabbits from hats. I even do tricks
for the David Copperfield
show. You
myself—watch me change this coin into an ice cream cone. W:Very funny. David Copperfield
worth a look. M:Actually,
I have seen him on television.
He pulls off some pretty amazing stunts. Then I could also make a person float
is the world's greatest
magician. He's certainly
I wish I knew how he performed his tricks. and handcuffs
in the air. I could pull a rabbit out of my hat. I could escape from a straitjacket
—all underwater. And I could saw a woman in half.
W:A magician never tells his secrets. David attempts the impossible and no one
has any idea how he does it. I saw him on TV when he walked through the Great Wall of China. M:How could he do that?
W:I have no idea, but I know what I saw. He entered a canvas shelter on one side
of the wall, and came out of a canvas shelter on the other side. M:Yes, but was he always in full
or something else?
W:Not only was the camera running all the time, but he was hooked up to a heart
view of the camera, or did they cut to a commercial
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monitor, and you could track his progress as he moved through the wall. M:It's difficult to know what to believe. I know it's not possible for him to do
that, but...
W:It sounds like a show worth watching. M:Count me in. I'll turn my money into a ticket.
CBADC
Task 2
Are you worried because you have just broken a mirror? Some people believe that breaking a mirror is a terrible thing to do. They say it will bring
you seven years of misfortune. The reason behind this belief stems from the old idea that a person's soul is in their reflection, so if you smash your mirror, your soul will be damaged too, dooming you to an early death, and not giving you entry to heaven. Is there any way to reverse this bad
luck? Yes, if you very carefully pick up all the broken pieces of the mirror and throw them into a river or stream, then the bad luck will be \"washed away\".
Of all numbers, 13 is the most associated with bad luck. Some people claim that the number is bad luck because 13 people sat down for the Last Supper before Jesus was crucified, and with this in mind few hosts will serve dinner with 13 at the table. And according to an ancient Norwegian tale, 12 gods had gathered for a feast when a 13th, Loki, entered. After the meal, Loki killed Baldr, who was the most beloved of all the gods.
Friday the 13th of any month is considered especially bad or unlucky, and Friday the 13th of March is the worst of them all.
The number seven also has some superstition connected to it. It is said that God created the world in seven days, and any association with the number is lucky. The seventh son of the seventh son is said to be the luckiest of men, and when people talk about the \"seven-year itch\" they mean that every seven years a person undergoes a complete change in personality.
terrible misfortune
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reflection damaged heaven pick washed
Some people claim that the number is bad luck because 13 people sat down for the Last Supper before Jesus was crucified
Friday the 13th of any month is considered especially bad or unlucky, and Friday the 13th of March is the worst of them all
they mean that every seven years a person undergoes a complete change in personality
Task 3
Thanks, perhaps, to falling stock markets and unrest in the Middle East,
Britons have become even more superstitious than usual, according to a report published today. \"There has been a significant increase in
superstition over the last month, possibly as a result of current economic and political uncertainties,\" stated Dr. Dick Armstrong. He launched an Internet survey of national superstition, and found it to be surprisingly high, even among those with a scientific background. Only one in ten of those surveyed claimed not to be superstitious at all. Three out of four people in Britain feel the need to touch wood, and 65 percent cross their fingers.
It is interesting to note that lucky people were much less superstitious
and tended to take constructive action to improve their lives. Conversely, superstitious people tended to regard themselves as among the less lucky, worried about life, had a strong need for control, and could not tolerate ambiguity.
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The survey also revealed some unexpected beliefs. For example, one respondent could not stay in the bathroom once a toilet had been flushed.
There was no evidence that superstitions ever worked, even when people were instructed to carry lucky charms for a week. They didn't feel any luckier or more satisfied with their lives at the end of that week than when they started.
Armstrong attempted to explain this phenomenon: \"When students are preparing for exams with a lucky charm, they may trust the charm, rather than doing some extra revision.\"
falling stock markets even more superstitious much less constructive action less lucky worked more satisfied exams trust revision
Let's talk Task 1
A French architect has claimed that he has solved the mystery of how
Egypt's Great Pyramid was built, saying it was built from the inside 欢迎下载out.
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The 4,500-year-old Great Pyramid is the largest stone building on Earth, and the last surviving wonder of the ancient world. Scientists have long wondered how the Egyptians placed the Great Pyramid's three million stone blocks, which each weigh about 2.5 tons.
Previous ideas have suggested that it was built using stone ramps, placed on the outside of the pyramid in a corkscrew shape to haul up stonework.
But architect Jean-Pierre Houdin disagrees; he says that the pyramid was built using an inner ramp to lift the massive stones into place. He studied the problem for eight years and unveiled his theory with a 3D computer animation watched by Egyptologists from around the world.
He believes that building a long ramp outside the pyramid to move the stone would have used up as much stone as the pyramid itself.
An outside ramp would have only been used for hauling stone meant for the base of the pyramid. The workers then constructed an inner ramp to carry stones to the top of the 137-meter pyramid.
Mr. Houdin also claimed to have solved the second mystery surrounding the purpose of a Grand Gallery inside the pyramid. He believes its tall, narrow shape suggests it housed a giant weight to help lift heavy granite beams into position above the King's Chamber. Using this technique, 4,000 people could have built the pyramid rather than the 100,000 or so suggested by past historians.
The architect is now assembling equipment.
a team to examine his theory
using radar
mystery inside out largest three million outside inner his theory
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used up the base 137-meter purpose tall, narrow 100,000 or so radar
Further listening and speaking Further listening Task 1
One of the greatest mysteries on Earth is the set of the statues on Easter Island. The island is one of the most remote places on Earth, located in the southern Pacific Ocean. It was almost uninhabited when it was discovered on Easter Day in 1722 by a Dutch captain, but it is covered with hundreds of giant statues, each weighing several tons and some standing more than 30 feet tall.
Who carved these statutes, and how and why were they put there? Nobody knows the answer for sure, but many are trying to find out. There are many theories to explain this mystery.
It has even been suggested that space aliens may have played a role regarding these giant statues. Another theory relates to the fact that Easter Island was inhabited by Polynesian seafarers, who traveled
thousands of miles in their canoes, guided by the stars, the color of the sky and the sun, the shapes of clouds, and the presence of birds making flights out to sea seeking food. The Polynesians first arrived on the
island in 400 A.D. However, the ocean currents which carried them there would not take them back. They were trapped and, having arrived there,
could not leave. The Polynesians probably carved the statues themselves, perhaps as religious symbols.
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To date, 887 statues have been discovered on the island. However, only a few statues were carried to their intended destination. The rest were abandoned along the way.
The statues appear to have been carved out of the top edge of the walls of a volcano on the island. After a statue was carved, it may have been
rolled or dragged down to the base of the volcano. Then it was put upright, and ropes were tied around it. Using a pulley system, the statue was moved to its intended destination.
At its peak, the population of Easter Island is believed to have reached 11,000. Eventually, the resources of the island were exhausted, and the people resorted to cannibalism, eating one another. Work on the statues stopped and the statues were knocked over. When the first Europeans finally arrived on the island, most of the people had died out.
ABDDB
Task 2
Joan:Dick:
Pass me that mirror, would you? I'll see if my makeup is OK.
OOOPS!! Sorry I dropped it. But is it you or me that gets the seven years of bad luck?
Joan:
You, I hope, but probably neither of us. I wonder where that \"old wives' tale\" originated anyway.
Dick:
There used to be a lot of superstitions: black cats, ladders, and numbers. My parents and grandparents believe them all.
Joan:
I agree. People today are much more educated than before. These superstitions are just amusing pieces of history rather than beliefs, don't you think so?
Dick:
Perhaps, but some people today still go for them. People whose livelihoods depend more on luck
—like professional athletes, or fishermen
—often they
have superstitious routines.
Joan:
It's
true. I have heard of athletes
who wear lucky socks or a treasured
medal
to bring them good fortune.
Dick:
And also the lucky numbers. We all know about the numbers four, six, and eight in China.
Joan:
I know four is death and eight is wealth, but what is the significance of
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six?
Dick:
Six means good luck. Some people include six in their e-mail address just for luck.
Joan:Dick:
Maybe we are not as smart as we think we are.
Well, there are many things in the universe that we cannot explain or control, and that's why people are superstitious.
AABBA
Task 3
A magician was working on a deluxe cruise ship in the Caribbean. The audience was different each week, so the magician did the same tricks over and over again. He felt he could cast a spell over the audience whenever he wanted to.
There was only one problem: The captain's parrot watched every show and began to understand what the magician did in each trick. Once he understood that, he started shouting in the middle of the show.
\"Look, it's not the same hat!\" \"Look, he's hiding the flowers under the table!\" \"Hey, why are all the cards the ace of spades?\"
The magician was furious. Each time the parrot revealed one of his secrets, the audience roared with laughter. The performance he intended to be dark and mysterious turned into a comedy. He was in a rage.He dreamed of various ways he could do away with the troublesome bird. But he didn't dare to touch it. It was the captain's parrot after all.
One foggy night the ship collided with an enormous iceberg and sank. The magician found himself on a piece of wood, in the middle of the ocean, and the parrot was by his side. They stared at each other with hate but neither uttered a word. This went on for several days.
After a week the parrot finally said, \"OK, I give up. But I hope you'll tell me what trick you are going to do with the boat.\"
1. The magician did the same tricks over and over again.
2. The captain's parrot watched every show and began to understand what
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the magician did in each trick. Once he understood that, he started shouting in the middle of the show.
3. Each time the parrot revealed one of his secrets, the audience roared with laughter. The 4.performance he intended to be dark and mysterious turned into a comedy.
4. The ship collided with an enormous iceberg and sank. The magician found himself on a piece of wood, in the middle of the ocean, and the parrot was by his side.
5. He said, \"OK, I give up. But I hope you'll tell me what trick you are going to do with the boat.\"
Viewing and speaking Task 1
Voice-over:
Crop circles have been appearing on the summer landscape for centuries; some only feet across, others bigger than soccer pitches and they take the most intricate shapes. This new formation in Wiltshire
has drawn scientists
and spectators
from around the world,
each with their own theory on what created it.
Man #1:Man #2:Woman:
I'm a proponent of the UFO alien visitation.
You can call me a sceptic, but I believe it must be man-made. Perhaps nature is trying in a better way.
Voice-over:
Colin Andrews is one of the world's leading experts on crop circles. The Rockefeller Foundation has given him a million dollars to investigate them. His own interest is in the magnetic field surrounding the
circles. Colin
thinks 80 percent of crop circles are
man-made; the rest could come from outer space.
Colin
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to tell us, you know, to look after the world
It's the gut feeling based upon an awful lot of data and it leads me
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Andrews:Reporter:Colin Andrews:Voice-over:
John Lundberg:
Voice-over:Circle maker:
Reporter:Voice-over:Tim Carson:Voice-over:feet
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into lots of trouble of course, because I'm fringing on the edge of saying perhaps \"extraterrestrial\at complex geometries, to place that as a possibility.
Trying to send us a message? It's conceivable.
John Lundberg is a self-confessed circle maker, his website a testimony to the art form that crop circles have become. His team recently created a vast cornfield image to advertise a car, but Lundberg believes his own creations are part of a wider mystical pattern.
We've seen, you know, massive blasts of light, orbs of light hovering
at the side of the field, and these are things that to us are inexplicable, we can't explain them, and so I'm completely open to the fact that, even if the formation
we have made is man-made, we feel
that they're still genuine, because they seem to catalyse other
paranormal events. I mean, there has been footage of UFOs lifting out
of crop circles we've made.
But another circle maker says that's all rubbish.
All you have to do to make this amazing mystery of the 20th century is this. Crop circles
are just an interesting
diversion,
they're
very
pretty, but from the viewpoint
of science, they
have no significance
whatsoever.
This is the latest crop circle to make an appearance in the fields of Wiltshire. Even those who believe there are mysterious forces at work here agree that this is probably man-made. Another summer attraction for the tourists, but it is infuriating the farmers.
Tim Carson has seen five crop circles appear on his farm over the past
few months. Nothing to do with extraterrestrials, he says, it's all
down to hoaxes and he's fed up.
They call themselves artists, crop artists. I call them vandals and if I ever catch them, they'll
be done for criminal
damage and trespass.
The circles continue to draw the curious, more are expected to appear
between now and harvest, and whatever causes them, at least they can be enjoyed as landscape art.
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shapes theory man-made look after experts a million outer space extraterrestrial conceivable circle maker image explain genuine lifting out of rubbish mystery mysterious farmers catch appear landscape
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Unit 7 What shall we do when there’s nothing to do?
Basic listening
(1)M:
We offer all kinds of tours and excursions. in mind?
W:
Not really, we'd just like to see the local sight sand have an English-speaking
guide. It
would be good if they were someone local too.
My husband is interested in the local stories and folklore.
Q:
What does the woman mention as one of her preferences? (2)M:W:
Are you going on a trip to Indonesia? Yes. But I'm going to backpack my way
around. I like being independent and seeing things at my own pace. Besides, there's more chance of meeting local people that way. I've just got to be careful.
Q:
(3)W:
What does the woman want?
Do you have anything particular
Hey, could you bring your video camera to the kids' concert tomorrow? I'd love to have it recorded.
M:No problem. I'll burn it to a DVD for you afterwards, and then you can watch it at home.
Q:(4)W:
How might the woman watch the concert later at home?
I can't find that track I really like anywhere. It's not on CDs in any of the shops, and I really want it on a CD.
M:Q:(5)W:
Well, let's look online. Maybe we can download it and then burn it to a CD. In what way does the man suggest getting the track?
Here's a riddle: You love deep-sea fishing in Florida, and you're crazy about skiing in Canada, but you can't afford even one holiday home. What do you do?
M:I bought a share in two holiday homes, so I own a week or more at each place. In this way many people afford seemingly expensive holidays.
Q:What advice does the man give for affording expensive holiday homes?
AADBC
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Listening in > Task 1
M:Good morning!
W:Good morning! May I help you?
M:Yes. What kind of tours does your travel agency offer? W:Different
types of tours, both individual
tours and group package tours.
We also
offer special tours like the cultural tour, adventure tour, and so on.
tour, regional tour, biking tour, camping
M:Sounds interesting. Could you give me more details?
W:There are five basic kinds of tour. They vary according to their purpose. The
first and most popular is recreational. M:I see, most tourists just want recreation.
W:Such tours usually involve a large group who are after the sun, sea, sand, fresh
air or sports like swimming, surfing, and so on. M:And the second type?
W:The second is cultural tour. These tourists want to experience new cultural
activities in certain rural areas or towns. M:What about the third type? W:It's
historical
tour, visits
to heritage
locations,
museums, cathedrals
and so
on. The fourth is ethnic tour. M:What does ethnic tour mean? W:This allows tourists
by ethnic minorities. M:And how about the fifth?
W:Environmental tour. It aims at high-income groups. Those people are often
interested in visiting faraway or \"pure\" environments. Because of their remoteness, the journeys normally cost a lot.
M:Thank you for the information. Historical tour appeals to me.
to participate
in unusual customs in remote areas inhabited
DCAAB
Task 2
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Have you ever wanted to travel to faraway places and live like a native
but somehow there never seems to be quite enough money to get you there? Well, have you ever thought of home exchange holidays? It's the vacation with a difference. You stay in the exchange family's house and often have the use of their car also; and they in turn stay in your home and have the use of your facilities. If you like the sound of this, then visit our website for your one-stop house exchange vacation.
You will not only find your dream destination in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and European destinations such as France, Spain, England, etc., but you can also book your flights and car hire. On an
average, families can save approximately $5,000 by swapping their homes
instead of booking hotels. Travelers are interested in house swapping not just to save money. They also see it as a means of meeting locals and experiencing local culture.
Last year my partner and I tried a home exchange holiday in Denver, Colorado, and it was the best. We lived in a superb neighborhood and enjoyed the community and the shopping. We are now planning our next home exchange holiday and we hope to visit Australia.
There are lots of people who say \"I don't like the idea of strangers living in my house while I'm not there\but don't forget you are living in their house and by the time the holiday date comes around, you have e-mailed them and phoned them so they feel like friends.
Perhaps you have a second vacation home which could work just as well for the exchange. If you want to rent it out for part of the year, you can advertise the house on our website free of charge.
DCAAB
Task 3
The notion of a weekly rest is ancient. Christians celebrate a day of rest known as the Sabbath, also called the Lord's Day. It is on Sunday. The weekend as a holiday is a rather modern invention. Before the industrial revolution the wage labor force was a small fraction of the population. The day of the Sabbath was viewed as one dedicated to God, not one of relaxation.
The early industrial period in Europe saw a six-day work week with only Sunday off, but some workers had no days off at all. Only the workers' rights movement in the late 19th and early 20th century saw a five-day
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work week introduced as Saturday became a day of rest and relaxation. movement began in England.
This
In many ways this was a great boon to the economy as it lead to a great
increase in consumer spending on Saturday as restaurant visits, motorcar journeys, or trips to the movies became common on Saturday. Many jurisdictions continued to enforce strict Lord's Day laws on Sunday, which meant that most places of recreation, such as stores and theaters, were forced to close on that day. These regulations began to weaken in the years after the Second World War, and Sunday also became a day of recreation for many.
After centuries of development, the weekend is now a part of the week usually lasting two days in which most paid workers do not work. This is a time for leisure and recreation, and for religious activities.
rest Sunday
industrial revolution God
six-day work week late 19th and early 20th relaxation great boon consumer spending Second World War two days do not work religious activities
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Let's talk Task 1
Voice-over:
Local woman:
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Vietnam is one of the least developed Asia Pacific countries. Every aspect of everyday life has been held back by decades of wars of one kind or another. Every branch of economic activity, from transport
to
industry to agriculture has been almost frozen in a time warp. At 80 percent, Vietnam still has one of the highest proportions
of rural
dwellers in Asia Pacific. Three quarters of the farm economy is on an
entirely
subsistence basis. Yet in spite of this position
at the lower
end of the Asia Pacific ladder, the economic outlook could be promising.
Vietnam has a long list of natural resources. Along every bit of the 2,000-kilometer
coastline
are rich fishing
grounds. The land contains
huge quantities of minerals like coal and oil; and thanks to fertile soils and a favorable climate, the potential for agriculture is considerable.
With these opportunities in mind, the government is well into a serious
development program to pull the country up from subsistence
level.
It
targets agriculture, manufacturing
and minerals.
But priority
number
one is something else. The potential
for tourism in Vietnam is massive, the coastline
is 2,000 kilometers
long, and so far there are only two
international standard hotels on it.
Inland there are other untouched landscapes, some of which have yet to be seen by anybody from outside the country. And then there is everyday Vietnam. It won't last very long, of course, but meanwhile it's a fascinating sight for visitors who may come from a country thousands of miles away, where the daily routine is one of commuting nine to five.
Yet if more people do come to see, and if Vietnam does succeed in developing a big tourist industry,
doesn't that mean that all this will
be ruined, like has already happened at certain spots in neighboring
countries?
I don't think tourism is going to wreck Vietnam. We have a very long history
and a strong culture and people are still
proud of it. We still
wear traditional
things like conical hats made out of leaves, and women
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still wear the long split tunic, the aodai. In my opinion Vietnam is not going to make the same mistakes with tourism as other countries.
held back transport highest subsistence lower
2,000-kilometer minerals potential development number one tourism only two landscapes fascinating commuting tourist ruined history traditional mistakes
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Further listening and speaking Further listening > Task 1
In North America the term recreational vehicle or RV, is generally used to refer to a vehicle equipped with living space and amenities found in a home. A recreational vehicle normally includes a kitchen, a bathroom,
a bedroom and a living room. A large RV is very elaborate, with satellite TV and Internet access and space for storing a small car inside it. In
other countries the terms caravan or camper van are more common; these vehicles are typically smaller than those in North America.
An RV allows the user to bring the comforts of the modern household, such as indoor plumbing, electricity, cooking facilities and so on into remote or wilderness areas where such services might be unavailable or hard to obtain. Other advantages include not having to move one's things in and
out of motel rooms, not having to rent motel rooms, and sleeping in a bed one is comfortable with. Also, if you prepare food yourself, it saves money compared to eating in restaurants, and you can meet any dietary restrictions or preferences. In addition, an RV provides a more organized living space and better protection from the weather than a tent. What's more, there is no tax if you choose to live in an RV.
Disadvantages of RVs include poor fuel economy for the motorized RV, lack of maid service as experienced in motels at high-end resorts, and the challenge of driving large RV models for the novice. Large models may not be able to travel on small roads due to weight, height, and length restrictions. If the RV is above a certain size, the driver is required to have a heavy vehicle license.
There is a stereotype that people who live in RVs full-time do so because they are poor and cannot afford more conventional housing. However, an increasing number of people are opting to sell their homes and live in
their RVs, which can cost as much as their home did. Some return to home ownership after several years while some few bounce back and forth between owning a home and living in RVs full-time.
AABBB
Task 2
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The first modern circus was staged in London in 1768 by Philip Astley, a former English cavalry officer, who performed as a trick rider. Beginning with a visit to Paris in 1772, Astley introduced the circus in cities throughout continental Europe and was responsible for establishing permanent circuses in a number of European countries as well as in England. A circus was first presented in Russia in 1793 at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.
By the early 19th century, several permanently-based circuses were
located in large European cities. In addition, small traveling shows moved from town to town in covered wagons in which the performers lived. The
traveling shows were usually simple affairs, featuring a fiddler or two, a juggler, a rope dancer, and a few acrobats. In the early circuses such performers gave their shows in open spaces and took up a collection for pay; later, the performers used an enclosed area and began to charge admission. By contrast, the permanently-based circuses of Europe staged elaborate shows. In the earlier part of the 19th century a main feature of the permanent circus program was the presentation of dramas that
included displays of horsemanship. Throughout the 19th century the circus evolved in programming and management. Initially, trained horses and horsemanship performances dominated circuses, but rope dancing, juggling,acrobaticacts, wild animal acts, and clowning were all
introduced within the first few decades. The flying trapeze, an important part of the modern circus, was not invented until 1859, and the street parade and sideshow did not become standard circus events until later in the 19th century. Tents are believed to have come into use in the 1820s,
but it is uncertain whether they appeared first in Europe or in the United States.
Nowadays, the entertainment activities offered at a circus are more
elaborate, generally consisting of displays of horsemanship, exhibitions by gymnasts, aerialists, and animal trainers, and comic performances by clowns.
CABBD
Task 3
Barbara:
Jack, you're sitting in front of your computer again! The sea and the sand are only steps away. Why are you wasting these beautiful The summer will be over before you know it.
holidays?
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Jack:I'm not wasting the holidays as On the Internet
you say. The computer is a good thing.
you can go to any part of the world. I can see everything
in the world. It's more real than reality.
Barbara:
But... but you can't spend your entire summer watching that screen. You'll get a big bottom.
Jack:
I'm not just watching the screen. I'm doing a lot of things—I'm sending e-mails, I'm learning things, I'm chatting with friends...
Barbara:
Right! But I'll Chinese tofu.
Jack:
No, it isn't a single mindless pastime. There are many activities:
role-playing games, arcade games, adventure games, strategy games...
Barbara:
I understand the computer is a wonderful thing, but you have to be careful not to get too much of a good thing. Every life needs some variety.
It would be a lot healthier
if you played a chess game outdoors,
in the park.
Jack:
It wouldn't be the same. In those games in the park I can't play against the grand master of Moscow, can
I? And there are creative games in
the
computer, where I can learn city planning and psychology.
Barbara:Jack:
Well, what about me? Don't you think I'd like a little attention? Now, baby, that's I love you.
Barbara:Jack:
I'm not so sure any more. It's Well...
time you made a choice: me or the computer?
no way to talk.
After all this time together,
you know
bet you're spending most of your time playing computer
mindless activity that'll turn
your brain into
games—a time-wasting,
ABCDC
Viewing and speaking Task 1
Russell:
Student Carl Turner is about to take the Holiday Maker Challenge. Carl's got just two days to book a hen weekend for six lively women.
Carl:Russell:
Right, first thing. Good old Internet search engines.
Carl's studying tourism management at university, but can he cope with
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real customers and a real budget?
Carl:Russell:Russell:
Two nights, Mexican health club, night club. Er, that could be good. I'm here to watch and judge Carl's progress.
With just 250 pounds to spend on each hen and only two days to find them the perfect weekend. Let's see if Carl's got what it takes.
Carl:
What for a hen night? Lots of partying, lots of fun, and possibly night
clubs—let your hair down before you tie the knot. Nottingham hen weekend special? I here.
Russell:
There are lots of travel
companies targeting
the hen and stag market. Most activities
and night life.
can tailor-make one
as well. If you
require a brochure, click
of the weekend packages offer a mix of leisure
book
search engines real customers judge 250 pounds two days / 2 days partying click targeting
Unit 8 Is biotechnology our friend or enemy?
Lead in Task1 Task2 GM crops
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c a f d g b e
stem cell genetic map cloning
Basic listening
(1)M:Scientists
claim the world population
has 99.5 percent of the W:But this doesn't tell us there is no such thing as race. Q:What is true of the DNA of different races?
(2)W:
With the advent of the genetic map we know what everything is, but do we know where to go with it?
M:Your map seems to differ largely from my geographical map! Q:
What can we infer from the dialog? M:As you know, it has taken millions
of years of evolution
and
natural selection to get us where we are today.
W:Yes, but now that we have genetic engineering, we seem to
have decided that we want to be God. Q:What does the woman imply? M:I think the research into cloning will
lead us into dangers, filling us with false hopes of perfection.
W:It's too late to turn back the clock.
We'll just have to depend on common sense to solve uncommon problems. Q:What does the woman mean?
(5)W:It is said that many prisoners are having their cases reviewed, and some have even been freed through DNA testing.
M:Except for the ones whose death sentence has already been carried out. Q:
What can we learn about DNA testing from the dialog?
BCDAC
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same DNA.
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(3)
(4)
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Listening in Task 1
Gregory:
The Republican Party in America is opposing stem cell research. I find it hard to believe that in this day and age, someone would do that.
Lillian:Gregory:
Stem cell research does sound pretty impressive. But just what is it? Well, a stem cell is a special type of cell. It is a general cell that, when it divides, can become any specific type of cell.
Lillian:
You mean, a stem cell can become a heart cell? Or a brain cell or a kidney cell?
Gregory:
That's about it.
Stem cells are a part of the body's maintenance and repair
system. When they divide, they can become any cell type.
Lillian:
I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages in that sort of research.
Gregory:
You've said a mouthful. Recently, scientists were able to help a man who lost a jawbone for cancer. They recreated bone material for his jaw from stem cells. What it means is that since the new bone was created out of the person's own cells, there was no danger of rejection because the DNA was the same.
Lillian:
I bet the person was delighted. Why would anyone oppose that sort of research? It would have endless potential to benefit the human race.
Gregory:
I agree, but there are people who think we should not interfere and manipulate \"what is natural\".
Lillian:
It's easier to hold such a narrow view if they're not in a position to need the benefits
of the research.
If they were missing a jawbone because
of cancer, they probably would support the research.
with nature
BAAAD
Task 2
Scientists now know a lot more about the grain that people have eaten for 10,000 years. Research teams around the world have completed a map of the
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genes of rice. The findings appeared last week in the journal
Nature.
The aim is to speed up the improvement of rice. The scientists warn that the kinds of rice plants used now have reached the limit of their
productivity. Yet world rice production must grow by an estimated 30 percent in the next 20 years to meet demand. By 2025, as many as 4.6 billion people will depend on rice for survival. There is a lot of pressure on breeders to improve the crop, and the rice genome is a valuable tool to do that. Plant breeders have already used preliminary information from the rice genome to create experimental strains of rice that better resist cold and pests.
The researchers also say rice is an excellent choice for genetic mapping and engineering. Rice genes have only about 390 million chemical bases. That might sound like a lot. But other major food grains have thousands of millions. The new map could better explain more than just rice. Rice shares a common ancestor with other cereal crops. Because rice is the first cereal crop to be fully analyzed, researchers expect that sufficient knowledge of its genetic information will reveal the heredity of more complex grains, including corn, wheat and barley.
While significant progress has been made in the analysis of the rice
genome, the mapping of the human genes is also making headway. When
scientists can identify and manipulate genes that cause certain diseases, mankind will cure them easily. The human genetic map may help us control a person's height, weight, appearance and even length of life.
1.Research 2.genes 3.journal 4.warn 5.productivity 6.grow 7.survival
8.Plant breeders have already used preliminary information from the rice genome to create experimental strains of rice that better resist cold and
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pests
9.The new map could better explain more than just rice. Rice shares a common ancestor with other cereal crops
10.While significant progress has been made in the analysis of the rice genome, the mapping of the human genes is also making headway
Task 3
Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an
existing or previously existing human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning. Human clones in the form of identical twins are commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction. There are two commonly discussed types of human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning involves cloning adult cells for use in medicine and is an active area
of research. Reproductive cloning would involve making cloned humans. A third type of cloning called replacement cloning is a theoretical
possibility, and would be a combination of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Replacement cloning would entail the replacement of an
extensively damaged, failed, or failing body through cloning followed by whole or partial brain transplant.
The various forms of human cloning are controversial. There have been numerous demands for all progress in the human cloning field to be halted. Most scientific, governmental and religious organizations oppose
reproductive cloning. The American Association for the Advancement of Science and other scientific organizations have made public statements, suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. Serious ethical concerns have been raised in view of the future possibility of harvesting organs from clones. Some people have considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human body. In this way, a new organ supply could be established without the moral problem of harvesting organs from humans. Research is also being done on the idea of growing organs that are biologically acceptable to the human body inside of animals such as pigs or cows, and then transplanting them to humans.
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CBDAD Let’s talk
Voice-over:
Reporter:Pete:
Reporter:Pete:
Reporter:
Pete:
Reporter:
Pete:
Voice-over:
Interviewee:
Voice-over:
kitchens opposed
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Our daily bread and much else that comes into our kitchens every day may already contain genetically modified ingredients, much to the annoyance of campaigners, who say not enough research has been done. I met up with Pete Reilly of Friends of the Earth who is totally opposed to GM foods. We went off to buy some typical items in the weekly shop, to see how well they were labeled for possible GM ingredients.
Let's look at bread, first of all. What do we know about this?
Well, it's completely unlabelled. It could contain soya flour from GM sources. As there's no label, you've no way of telling if it's got GM or not.
OK, what about this corn oil?
Well, the corn oil doesn't have to be labeled in law, but it could come from GM maize, so at the moment there's no way of telling whether it's GM or not.
Now these well-known brands of soups clearly mark their soups \"no GM ingredients\
Well, it's clear and people have got a clear choice and they can make an informed choice as a result of that labeling.
And, what would you want to see in future? Do you think that the labeling is correct or do you want to see tougher labeling?
Well, we'd like to see labeling to apply to any content of GM which is detectable, and I think that's what the public support.
The new government consultation roadshow, which began in Birmingham and will tour the country is aimed at finding out how the public feel about extending GM ingredients, so does the consumer have anything to fear?
Genetically modified food is actually far safer than many other foods you buy in health food shops, which people go to do, where they might have naturally occurring toxicants.
The GM lobby says it could provide cheap food for the world, opponents say we are storing up problems for the future. The consultation is meant to help us, the public, decide.
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labeled completely law no way GM ingredients choice tougher any content the public fear safer naturally cheap decide
Futher listening
Task 1
Correspondent:In the United States, what percentage of people support biotech crops? And do those who support biotech crops also eat biotech foods? What percentage of food on the market has genetically modified ingredients?
Professor:U.S. consumers have been exposed to a very effective anti-biotechnology propaganda campaign for the last few years, but according to polls, over 70 percent support biotechnology. For example, in a recent referendum in
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Oregon, voters rejected aproposal to require special labels on all products containing biotech ingredients by an overwhelming 73 percent to 27 percent. That's probably because consumers know that we have an effective administrative system. Many may also know that 70-80 percent of the processed food products on supermarket shelves contain one or more ingredients from biotech crops. All Americans eat biotech foods unless they deliberately seek out products that are labeled otherwise. Evidence suggests that this is less than 5 percent of consumers.
Correspondent:
Chinese scientists have used biotechnology to create a new type of tomato, which contains the vaccine against hepatitis B. What's your take on this?
Professor:
It's a great example of how this technology can be used to save lives, ease pain and suffering and improve the human condition. How can anyone be opposed to that? My only hope is that the clinical trials of this new tomato go well, and that it is quickly delivered to health-care providers who will use it to vaccinate people against hepatitis.
By the way, please note that I do
think that such new pharmaceutical foods need to be handled as medicines by professionals and not as conventional foods. You will never see these tomatoes in the supermarket. In a sense, the tomato plant is just being used to manufacture a vaccine in a very safe and economical manner.
biotechnology rejected special labels
73 percent to 27 percent / 73% to 27% a new type of tomato against save lives
improve the human condition medicines conventional foods
Task 2
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Laura:Did you hear about that peculiar cult that claimed to have created the world's first human clone?
Ian:Yeah, I did! They also said that it was aliens that created life on Earth over 25,000 years ago. What are they on?
Laura:I know! It was so obviously just part of an elaborate hoax to bring publicity to their crazy movement. But I don't think the truth can be far off. Scientists have been working on it for years.
Ian:Sure, but most scientists are working on cloning human cells or body parts that can be used to repair or replace damaged organs. Not complete human beings! That's just science fiction!
Laura:Well, the science may seem to be very advanced, but the idea is not a new one. In
Journey to the West, Sun Wukong, the Monkey King, can make clones
of himself using his hair.
Ian:
Really? Now that would be cool! You could send your clone to school while you went to the cinema, and then it could do your homework! Wow! Now that I think of it, it would be kind of fun to have a clone!
Laura:
You would say that! Don't you think it's
slightly
immoral? I mean, it's
just
like having a slave. Doesn't the clone deserve a life of his own?
Ian:
Sure, but human beings must learn to strike a balance between the welfare of a patient and that of a clone.
AABBA
Task 3
A large analysis of the genes of 8,200 ethnic Chinese has revealed subtle genetic differences between inhabitants in northern China and southern China.
Published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, the study is important as scientists are trying to identify whether certain gene
variants may render some people more vulnerable to some diseases. Then preventative measures can be taken and therapies may one day be found. Led by Liu Jianjun, head of the human genetics group at the Agency for
Science, Technology and Research in Singapore, the researchers found that inhabitants in northern China were genetically distinguishable from those
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in the south, a finding that was consistent with historical migration patterns in China.
Consistent genetic differences, or variants, the genes between the two groups.
showed up in 0.3 percent of
In a telephone interview, Liu told Reuters, \"This genetic map tells us how people differ from each other, or how people are more closely linked to each other. We don't know what these variants are responsible for. Some may have clinical outcomes and influence disease development. That is why we are interested in genetic variation. That will help us understand diseases.\"
The huge sample of 8,200 ethnic Chinese participants was drawn from 10 Chinese provinces and Singapore.
The team has since moved onto the second stage of research to try to establish if these gene variants may be linked to the tendency among certain groups of Chinese to develop particular diseases such as
nasopharyngeal cancer. This kind of cancer is far more prevalent among southern Chinese than among northern Chinese.
By comparing 1,000 patients and 1,000 people without the cancer, the scientists have identified genetic variants at three positions in the
genetic map. These variants can provide information why certain people tend to suffer from the cancer.
DBACC
Viewing and speaking Task 1
Adam:Emma:Adam:Emma:Adam:Emma:
Are these real banana trees?
They're actually not trees. They are actually herbs. Herbs?
Herbs. Banana plants are herbs; they're not trees. And these are modified?
Yes, these are modified. We turn off one of the native genes in the plant, so that
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Adam:Emma:
Adam:Emma:
Adam:
Norman:
Adam:Norman:
Adam:Norman:
Adam:
Voice-over:Adam:
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it won't go black in the supermarket or in your bowl at home. And also, some genes are anti-fungal genes taken from onion and radish in order to try and protect the banana plants from fungal diseases.
From onions? So, are they gonna taste of onions?
No, they're not. Because they don't have the genes for the taste actually taken from the onions.
People say, you know, GM food is dangerous. Could they possibly be poisonous? All of these plants, which are modified, are all tested continuously all the time in order to make sure that they are not toxic, because that's the last thing we want.
And what can be done with plants can also be done with animals... These fish are tilapia, originally from Africa. You won't find them in this country, except in very fancy restaurants, but they're extremely popular in Asia, where millions of them are eaten every day. Here, at the University of Southampton, they are trying to get them to grow bigger, by giving them some genes from salmon.
We're trying to improve tilapia as a food fish. So, you'll see, I mean, this fish, for example, is the wild type, so this is the size which tilapia would normally be; whereas, the larger fish are also a year old. So, here's a large one, here's another two...
But there's a huge difference in size.
Yes. There's a differential of about threefold, and that's the result of the extra growth hormone gene.
Do you think it's wrong to interfere with nature like this?
I think that we've been meddling with nature for thousands of years. You know, you only have to think of what we've done to sheep, cattle and dogs, as it were, to see that we've brought about great changes by selective breeding. And selective breeding means selecting the genes you want, but you do it in a slightly haphazard way because originally there was no alternative. Now, there is an alternative. You can do it one gene at a time with the particular gene you want. But I don't see it as being a significantly different process.
We've come a long way since Gregor Mendel and his peas. Science seems to have got more complicated. It's all mixed up with difficult questions, like \"should we be interfering with nature?\"
Some scientists are worried about the risks of genetic manipulation. Would you like to stop all genetic research?
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Janet:No, genetic research in the laboratory to scientific aims is a good thing to do, as long as it is within a contained environment. It's the releases to the environment that are where you start incurring risks, environmental risks on crops and on wildlife.
trees native genes black onion taste poisonous tested toxic fish popular bigger food normally larger threefold genes originally different risks laboratory
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environment
Unit 10 Learn how to manage your wealth.
Basic listening DCABC
Listening in Task 1 future needs shares risk banks 30 a half rate capital loss interchangeably savings
Task 2 DBCCA Task 3
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ABBAA
Let's talk Task 1
1) they must sort out their cash flow problem by selling a part of the business to investors.
2) it's a realistic amount to take this manufacturing business forward. 3) they must update their initial business plan
4) it's time to put on the suit and try to sell part of Cyclepods to an investor.
5) so I'll have to... maybe get the heavies in or something.
6) The most important thing James needs to do over the next two months is to raise cash
7) Cyclepods can't do anything without an updated business plan. 8) it's back to basics for a fun evening of number crunching and spread sheets,
9) it's time for a professional and considered rehearsal to get his sales pitch just right.
10) Presentation skills are going to be crucial
Further listening and speaking Further listening
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Task 1 ABDBC
Task 2 CBDAC
Task 3
1. He has been following the roller coaster ride of his stock portfolio and it's driving him mad.
2. Stocks are pretty hard to predict. So she has put her money into hedge funds.
3. A hedge is a way of reducing risk. A hedge fund is a company that creates a stock portfolio that tries to balance the market activity.
4. Analysts examine stocks to assess which ones are likely to go up, and which will likely go down.
5. He says that if he leaves his money with a fund manager, perhaps the manager can trade his stocks in a more profitable way.
Viewing and speaking Task 1 cash easy
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results pay bills head
26 percent / 26% close the deal figures idea plan fine
business guide voting rights say strong point investment 150,000 / 150000 26 percent / 26%
1. He has been following the roller coaster ride of his stock portfolio and it's driving him mad.
2. Stocks are pretty hard to predict. So she has put her money into hedge funds.
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3. A hedge is a way of reducing risk. A hedge fund is a company that creates a stock portfolio that tries to balance the market activity.
4. Analysts examine stocks to assess which ones are likely to go up, and which will likely go down.
5. He says that if he leaves his money with a fund manager, perhaps the manager can trade his stocks in a more profitable way.
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