常见词根与词缀

1、词根 词根 audi, audit ceed, cess dic, dict duct graph ject lect scrib spect tain vid, vis 2、前缀 前缀 anti- auto- bi- bio- co-, com-, cor- de- dis- en-, em- ex- 除去，否定 无，不，相反 使，给予 向外；前任的 delete, defrost, decrease, depreciate, devalue disapprove, dishonesty, disconnect, disappear, discourage enable, encourage, enforce, entitle, enlarge, enrich, endanger exchange, external, export, explicit, exterior, exclude, ex-wife il-, im-, in-, 不，非 ir- illegal, illegitimate, illogical, impatient, impolite, impossible, incorrect, incredible, invisible, invalid, irregular im-, in- inter- kilo- mini- mis- mono- multi- non- over- post- 向内 相互 千 微型的 误 单一 多 非，不 过度；外 后于 import, implicit, include, internal, interior international, interact, interview kilometer, kilogram miniskirt, mini-talk, mini-break misunderstand, misinterpret, misleading, misspell monopoly multinational, multi-storey nonsense, nonstop, nonexistent overdo, over-capacity, overestimate, overflow, overcoat postgraduate, post-war, postpone 意义 反、抗 自动 双 生物 col-, 共同 con-, 例词 anti-social, anti-smoking, anti-war automate, automation, automatic, automobile bicycle, bilateral, bilingual, bimonthly biochemical, biosphere cooperate, co-worker, co-exist, coordinate, colleague, collide, companion, compromise, consent, confront, correlate 意义 听 走 说 引导 写，记录 投掷 选 写 看 握，持 看 例词 audience, audio proceed, exceed, process, recession, succeed, success dictation, indicate, contradict, predict conduct, educate, introduce, produce, reduce photograph, telegraph, demographics inject, reject, project collect, elect, neglect, select describe, subscribe, prescribe expect, inspect, prospect, spectacular, spectator contain, obtain, retain evident, revise, supervise, vision, visual, visible, visit 1

pre- re- 先于 再 preview, prehistoric, predict, premature, preliterate review, reinforce, replace, repay, renew, react, recall, reform semi- sub- super- tele- trans- tri- un- under- vice- 3、后缀

（1）名词性后缀 后缀 -ian 半 下，次 超 远 跨越 三 不，无 在…下，次 副 semi-annual, semi-final, semiliterate, semicircle substandard, subculture, subsequent, subcontract, subway supernatural, supermarket, superman telegram, telephone, telescope, television transport, transform, transmit, transatlantic triangle, trilingual unfair, uneasy, unfortunate, unlike, unlucky, unusual underground, undergraduate, underestimate, underline vice-president 意义 人 例词 Arabian, Asian, Austrian, Canadian, Christian, Italian, musician, librarian, politician, Russian, technician -ee -er, -or -ese -ant, -ent -ist -ance, -ence 接受者 人 人 人 人，主义者 性质、状态 employee, payee, refugee owner, lawyer, actor, ancestor, bachelor, director, sponsor Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese assistant, correspondent, immigrant activist, artist, novelist, physicist, psychologist, tourist acceptance, acquaintance, alliance, allowance, appearance, conscience, importance, insurance, resistance, significance -age -al 性质、状态 性质、状态 advantage, courage, luggage, shortage, voyage approval, arrival, removal collision, comprehension, depression, invention, -cion, -sion, 动作，状态 -tion -hood 身份，性质，时代 -ing -ity -ment 动作 性质、状态 动作 globalization, invasion, suspicion, tension adulthood, brotherhood, childhood, neighborhood, motherhood being, beginning, ending, spelling, understanding clarity, curiosity, personality, reality agreement, argument, arrangement, movement, payment, requirement, treatment -ness 性质、状态（加在形容词后） bigness, carelessness, goodness, illness -ology -ship 学科 性质、状态 biology, psychology, sociology, technology, zoology friendship, hardship, leadership, membership, ownership, relationship, scholarship -th -ty

性质、状态 性质、状态 length, strength, truth, warmth, width anxiety, honesty, liberty, novelty, specialty 2

（2）动词性后缀 后缀 -en -ify -ize

（3）形容词性后缀 后缀 -able, -ible, 意义 例词 意义 使变成 …化，使变成 …化，使变成 例词 lengthen, shorten, threaten, weaken, widen, strengthen beautify, clarify, identify, justify, qualify, specify industrialize, localize, nationalize, privatize, standardize 能够…，值得… accessible, attainable, comparable, desirable, dependable, noticeable, obtainable, reliable, teachable, usable, unbelievable -al -ed -en -ful …的 …的 …的 （充满）…的 annual, casual, educational, environmental, traditional golden, wooden, woolen advanced, complicated, crowded, experienced, limited, naked doubtful, colorful, faithful, fruitful, hopeful, peaceful, plentiful -ic, -ical …的 academic, artistic, classical, economic, electronic, identical -ish …的，有…性质的 childish, selfish -ive -less -ly -ous, -ious …的 无…的 …的 …的 active, comparative, creative, relative, protective endless, helpless, leafless, motherless, restless, worthless deadly, friendly, monthly, weekly, yearly ambitious, anxious, cautious, curious, dangerous, delicious, famous, glorious, marvelous, religious, suspicious -y

（4）副词性后缀 后缀 -ly …的 dirty, greedy, noisy, rainy, sunny, wealthy, windy 意义 表示以某种方式 例词 amazingly, creatively, inevitably, justifiably, reasonably, satisfactorily, wonderfully terribly, universally, vertically,

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