名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an, -ain, 表示\"……地方的人，精通……的人”American, historian,
2)-al, 表示\"具有……职务的人\" principal,
3)-ant,-ent, 表示\"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,
4)-ar, 表示\"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
6)-arian, 表示\"……派别的人， ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary, 表示\"从事……的人\" secretary, missionary
8)-ant, 表示\"具有……职责的人\" candidate, graduate
9)-ator, 表示\"做……的人\" educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-ee, 表示\"动作承受者\" employee, examinee
11)-eer, 表示\"从事于……人\" engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示\"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人\" banker, observer, -ese, 表示\" ……国人，…. . 地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
Londoner, 14) 15)-ess, 表示\"阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress
17)-ian, 表示\"……地方人，信仰……. 教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician
18)-ic, 表示\"……者，……师\" mechanic, critic
19)-ist, 表示\"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者\" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
20)-ive, 表示\"动作者，行为者” native, captive
21)-logist, 表示\"……学家，研究者\" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
22)-or, 表示\"……者\" author, doctor, operator,
23)-ster, 表示\"做……. 事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-age, 表示\"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称\" courage, storage, marriage
2)-al, a) 表示\"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
3)-ance, -ence表示\"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence,
difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示\"性质，状态，行为，过程\" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示\"动作，性质，状态\" possibility, feasibility,
6)-craft, 表示\"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策）
7)-dom, 表示\"等级，领域，状态\" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
8)-hood, 表示\"资格，身份, 年纪，状态\" childhood, manhood, falsehood
9)-ice, 表示\"行为，性质，状态\" notice, justice, service
10)-ing, 表示\"动作的过程，结果\" building, writing, learning
11)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示\"行为的过程，结果，状况\" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
12)-ism, 表示\"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为\" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
13)-ity, 表示\"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
14)-ment, 表示\"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
15)-ness, 表示\"性质，状态，程度\" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
16)-ship, 表示\"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
17)-th, 表示\"动作，性质，过程，状态\" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
18)-ure, 表示\"行为，结果\" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
(3) 带有场所，地方的含义
1)-age, 表示\"住所，地点\" village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示\"住所，场地\" library, granary (谷仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表示\"工作场所，饲养所，地点\" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
4)-ory, 表示\"工作场所，住处\" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4) 带有学术，科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示\"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics, 表示\"……学……法\" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology, 表示\"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy, 表示\"……学……术\" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery, 表示\"学科，技术\" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y, 表示\"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy
(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant
2)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
(7) 表示“细小”的含义
1)-en, chicken, maiden
2)-et, pocket, ticket
3) -ette, cigarette, essayette(短文)
4)-let, booklet
2. 形容词后缀
（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-like, manlike, childlike
3)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
4)-some, troublesome, handsome
5)-y, milky, pasty
(3) 表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-fic, scientific
(5) 表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward
(6) 表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(7) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese,
3)-ish, English, Spanish
(8) 表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(9)其他的含义
-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示\"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示\"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示\"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示\"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
三. 常见的词根
1) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction,
2) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity
3) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)
4) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)
5) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include
6) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord
7) curr， cur, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)
8) dic, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict
9) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document
10) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)
11) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创造” factory, effect, profit,
faculty, perfect
12) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence
13) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)
14) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine
15) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex
16) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort
17) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation
18) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram, photograph
19) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress
20) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
21) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject
23) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选，采集” collect, select, lecture
24) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位)
25) mand, mend 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend
26) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental
27) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant
28) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度量” measure, meter, diameter
29) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority
30) miss, mit 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
31) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove
32) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)
33) not, 含义是“记号，注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)
34) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备” compare, prepare
35) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)
36) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone
37) port 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)
38) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验，验证” prove, approve,
39) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找，探问” inquiry, question,
inquisition(调查，追究)
40) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect
41) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption
42) sci, 含义是“认识，知识” science, conscious
43) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script
44) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation, sentiment
45) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似，类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)
46) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association
47) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous,
respect
48) struct, 含义是“建筑，构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction
49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) )
57) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽，掩盖” detect, protect
temp, tens, 含义是“时间，时机” tense, contemporary, temporal
tend, tes, tent 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend
test, 含义是“证明，证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)
tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉，吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)
tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute
vac, van, 含义是“空，虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)
vers, vert, 含义是“旋转，反转” convert, inversion(倒转)， reverse, divert(使转vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看，看见” television, visible, evident,
interview, survey
向 58) viv, vit, 含义是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival,
59) war, ward, 含义是“注意，保护” aware, wary(谨慎)， ward(守护)
60) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always
