北京航空航天大学2011年MTI翻译硕士英语考研真题(完整版)

科目：211翻译硕士英语

MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 搞定一切学校 文章来源：http://hi.baidu.com/luckymti 整理：博文MTI

(专业学位)

科目代码：211

科目名称：翻译硕士英语 专业领域：翻译硕士

考生须知：答题必须使用黑(蓝)色墨水(圆珠)笔；不得在试题(草稿)纸上作答；凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分。

Part I Vocabulary(30 points) Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence． 1．Testing new-model plane is a job，but he decided to devote himself to it． A．promising B．mysterious C．beneficial D．hazardous 2．They have their names upon the pages of history． A．prescribed B．inscribed C．described D．subscribed

3．Electronic toys and games，which came on the market in 1976，already a more than half-billion-dollar business．

A．consist of B．compose of C．comprise D．compromise 4．The amazing powers of the computer have even the most sophisticated scientists into wondering just how human it can become．

A．deduced B．forced C．enticed D．produced

5．Roger is completely with all the wedding preparations at the moment． A．preoccupied B．addicted C．fascinated D．absorbed 6．He a lot of pleasure from meeting new people．

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

A. deprives B．derives C．deserves D．results

7． teaching methods，which make students actively involved in the class，are very popular either in colleges or in high schools．

A．Interpersonal B．Interrelated C．Interdisciplinary D．Interactive 8．As a result of the economic depression，output has been reduce． A．drastically B．1iterally C．potentially D．violently

9．Writing a resume of your achievements that will make a employer want to meet you requires practice． A．prospective B．perspective C．respective D．respectful

10．It is seen as an effective means of business communication where relevant staff can have to a computer network．

A．excess B．access C．assess D．entrance

11．I haven’t got the idea of what you mean．Would you please make it clear to me? A．1ightest B．furthest C．smallest D．faintest

12．He interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions．

A．continually B．continuously C．consistently D．consequently

13．To develop light industry in a big way to improving the people’s livelihood． A．owes B．attributes C．distributes D．contributes 14．The dog has its affection to its new master．

A．transferred B．transformed C．transported D．transmitted

15．Every time I listen to Tchaikovsky，I found myself in the beauty of the works by one of the most artistically creative composers．

A．submerged B．soaked C．sucked D．immersed

16．In regard to those ancient emperors，we need to assess them in the of their times． A．content B．context C．contest D．contention

17．With the Chinese economy expected to continue its strong performance，ability to speak the Chinese language will be an of greater and greater value． A．asset B．ethic C．inventory D．obligation

18．In my belief，some of the comments in the movie about the job market are actually of real life difficulties in finding a good job after graduation from universities． A．reflections B．demonstrations C．illuminations D．reproductions 19．Looking back upon the whole process，we have every reason to our success to Mary who suggested the right method at the beginning．

A．ascribe B．ascertain C．aspire D．assert

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

20．Overpopulation has greatly the development of this city． A．rectified B．hampered C．averted D．discarded

21．Your phone can be the cigarette lighter socket in your car to get recharge． A．plugged in B．plugged into C．logged on D．logged on to 22．I Rosa’s voice from among the general conversation． A．picked out B．picked up C．turned out D．turned up

23．7rhe company decided to make further improvements on the computer’s design the requirements of customers.

A．in the light of B．in the name of C．in favor of D．in honor of

24．When the whole area was by flood，the government sent food there by helicopter． A．cut away B．cut down C．cut up D．cut off

25．It was not until she had arrived home remembered her appointment with the doctor． A．when she B．that she C．and she D．she

26．Since you need to catch an early train tomorrow morning，we now． A．might as well leave B．ought to have left C．should have left D．could have left

27．The day’s work ，Mary and Carl are playing cards． A．are done B．done C．doing D．did

28．The day when he first arrived in Chicago distinctly in his memory． A．stands down B．stands in C．stands out D．stands up

29．A well-written composition good choice of words and clear organization among other things． A．calls on B．calls for C．calls up D．calls off

30．We were struck by the extent which teachers’ decisions served the interests of the school rather than those of the students．

A．to B．for C．in D．with

PartⅡReading Comprehension(40 points) Section A

Directions：There are 3 passages in this part．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．(30％) Passage One

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage． There is substantial evidence that by 1926，with the publication of The Weary Blues，Langston Hughes had

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature．In The Weary Blues，Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration，and that，in order to do 80，it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western European literary techniques and styles．Necessarily excluded by this decree，linguistically and thematically，was the vast amount of secular folk material in the oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after．It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves-as distinct from their secular songs and stories．had been Europeanized to make them acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War．In 1 862 northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the Carolina sea islands．But by 1916，ten years before the publication of The Weary Blues，Hurry T．Burleigh，the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable Saint George’s Episcopal Church．had published Jubilee Songs of the United States，with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it“in the manner of an art song．”Clearly。the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote racial acceptance and integration only Oil the condition that it became Europeanize． Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American art，Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature．Most of his folk poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition：they contain many instances of naming and enumeration，considerable hyperbole and understatement，and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming．There is a deceptive veil of artlessness in these poems．Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu and impressionistic writer of poetry．His, he insisted，was not an artfully constructed poetry．Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his poetry was carefully and artfully crafte．In his folk poetry we find features common to all folk literature，such as dramatic ellipsis，narrative compression，rhythmic repetition，and monosyllabic emphasis．The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry．Together，these aspects，of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the linguistic and thematic range of African American lit- erature． 31．The author mentions which one of the following as an example of the influence of Black folk culture on Hughes’s poetry?

A．his exploitation of ambiguous and deceptive meanings B．his strong religious beliefs

C．his use of naming and enumeration D．his use of first-person narrative

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

32．The author suggests that the“deceptive veil”(Paragraph 2)in Hughes’s poetry obscures .

A．evidence of his use of oral techniques in his poetry

B．evidence of his thoughtful deliberation in composing his poems C．his scrupulous concern for representative details in his poetry

D．his incorporation of Western European literary techniques in his poetry

33．The author most probably mentions the reactions of northern White writers to non-Europeanized“sorrow songs”in order to ．

A．suggest that White writers benefited more from exposure to African American art forms than Black writers did from exposure to European art forms B．contrast White writers’ earlier appreciation of these songs with the growing tendency after the Civil War to regard Europeanized versions of the songs as more acceptable

C．show that the requirement that such songs be Europeanized was internal to the African American tradition and was unrelated to the literary standards or attitudes of White writers

D．demonstrate that such songs in their non—Europeanized form were more imaginative

34．The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the requirement that Black writers employ Western European literary techniques? A．The requirement was imposed more for social than for aesthetic reasons．

B．The requirement was a relatively unimportant aspect of the African American tradition． C．The requirement was the chief reason for Hughes’s success as a writer．

D．The requirement was appropriated for some forms of expression but not for others．

35．Which one of the following aspects of Hughes’s poetry does the author appear to value most highly? A．its novelty compared to other works of African American literature

B．its subtle understatement compared to that of other kinds of folk literature C．its virtuosity in adapting musical forms to language D．its expression of the folk culture of Black People Passage Two

Questions 36 to 40 are based OB the following passage． To be fair．this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians，and should best be considered North American．There are，of course，exceptions．Small-minded officials，rude wai- ters，and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US．Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment．For a long period of time and in many parts of the country，a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence．Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

lived distant from one another．Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion，and brought news of the outside world．The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality．Someone traveling alone，if hungry，injured，or ill，often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement．It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers．It reflected the harshness of daily life：if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him，there was no one else who would．And someday，remember，you might be in the same situation．Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler．Yet，the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US，especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails．“I was just traveling through，got talking with this American，and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing．”Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon，but are not always understood properly．The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial，but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition．As is true of any developed society，in America a complex set of cultural signals，assumptions，and conventions underlies all social interrelationships．And，of course，speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands，social and cultural patterns． Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions．For example，when an American uses the word“friend”，the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture．It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest．Yet，being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers． 36．In the eyes of visitors from the outside world， ． A．rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US

B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors D．most Americans are ready to offer help

37．It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ．

A．culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship B．courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated C．various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends

D．social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions 38. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ． A．to improve their hard life

B．in view of their long-distance travel

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

C．to add some flavor to their own daily life D．out of a charitable impulse

39．The tradition of hospitality to strangers ． A．tends to be superficial and artificial

B．is generally well kept up in the United States C．is always understood properly

D．has something to do with the busy tourist trails

40．What’s the author’s attitude toward the American’s friendliness? A．Favorable． B．Unfavorable． C．Indifferent． D．Neutral. Passage Three

Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage．

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world，but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions maybe universal，Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval．Baring the teeth in a hostile way，as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century，may be a universe sign of anger．As the originator of the theory of evolution，Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial

expressions would have survival value．For example，facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language．

Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people．Moreover，people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions．In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger，disgust，fear，happiness，and sadness．He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them．Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore，a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands．All groups including the Fore，who had almost no contact with Western culture，agreed on the portrayed emotions．The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses．Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions．The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense．

Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states．In fact，various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain．The facial-feedback hypothesis argues，however，that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction．According to this hypothesis，signals from the

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

facial muscles(“feedback”)are sent back to emotion centers of the brain，and so a person’s facial expression call influence that person’s emotional state．Consider Darwin’s words：“The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it．On the other hand，the repression，as far as possible，of all outward signs softens our emotions．”Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will，for example，and frowning to anger? Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feed-back hypothesis．Causing participants in experiments to smile，for example，leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous．When they are caused to frown，they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.

What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal，which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism．Intense contraction of facial muscles，such as those used in signifying fear，heightens arousal．Serf-perception of heightened arousal then leads to

heightened emotional activity．Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters(substances that transmit nerve impulses.)The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it．Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile．which is characterized by“Crow’s feet”wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold SO that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball，can lead to pleasant feelings． Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression“keep a stiff upper lip”as a recommendation for handling stress．It might be that a“stiff”lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension．But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense，and involves strong muscle tension，facial feedback may heighten emotional response. 41．The word“despondent”in the passage is closest in meaning to ． A．curious B．unhappy C．thoughtful D．uncertain

42．ne author mentions“Baring the teeth in a hostile way”in order to ．

A．differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of it B．support Darwin’s theory of evolution

C．provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood D．contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions 43．The word“concur”in the passage is closest in meaning to ． A．estimate B．agree C．expect D．understand

44．According to paragraph 2，which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea? A．They did not want to be shown photographs． B．They were famous for their story-telling skills． C．They knew very little about Western culture．

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http://hi.baidu.com/luckymti

博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

D．They did not encourage the expression of emotions．

45．According to the passage，what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?

A．They would become less intense． B．They would last longer than usual． C．They would cause problems later． D．They would become more negative． Section B Directions：There is one passage in this part．The passage is followed by some questions．Please answer the questions briefly．(10 points) Petroleum

Petroleum，like coal，is found in sedimentary rocks，and was probably formed from long-dead living organisms．The rocks in which it is found are almost always of ocean origin and the petroleum-forming organisms must have been ocean creatures rather than trees．

Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter，petroleum may be the product of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms such as plankton，the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layers of the ocean．

The fat of living organisms consists of atom combinations that are chiefly made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms．It does not take much in the way of chemical change to turn that into petroleum．It is only necessary that the organisms settle down into the ooze underlying shallow arms of the ocean under conditions of oxygen shortage．Instead of decomposing and decaying，the fat accumulates，is trapped under further layers of ooze，undergoes minor rearrangements of atoms，and finally is petroleum． Petroleum is lighter than water and，being liquid，bends to ooze upward through the porous rock that covers it．There are regions on Earth where some reaches the surface and the ancients spoke of pitch，bitumen，or asphalt．In ancient and medieval times，such petroleum seepages were more often looked on as medicines rather than fuels．

Of course，the surface seepages are in very minor quantities．Petroleum stores，however，are sometimes overlain with nonporous rock．The petroleum seeping upward reaches that rock and them remains below it in a slowly accumulating pool．If a

hole can be drilled through the rock overhead, the petroleum can move up through the hole．Sometimes the pressure on the pool is so great that the petroleum gushes high into the air．The first successful drilling was carried through in 1859 in Titusville，Pennsylvania，by Edwin Drake． If one found the right spot then it was easy to bring up the liquid material．It was much easier to do that than

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

to send men underground to chip out chunks of solid coal．Once the petroleum was obtained，it could be moved overland through pipes，rather than in freight trains that had to be laboriously loaded and unloaded，as was the case with coal．

The convenience of obtaining and transporting petroleum encouraged its use．The petroleum could be distilled into separate fractions，each made up of molecules of a particular size．The smaller the molecules，the easier it was to evaporate the fraction．

Through the latter half of the nineteenth century，the most important fraction of petroleum was“kerosene”．made up of middle-sized molecules that did not easily evaporate．Kerosene was used in lamps to give light．

Toward the end of the nineteenth century，however，engines were developed which were powered by the explosions of mixtures of air and inflammable vapors within their cylinders．The most convenient inflammable vapor was that derived from“gasoline”，a petroleum fraction made up of small molecules and one that therefore vaporized easily． Such “internal combustion engines” are more compact than earlier steam engines and can be made to start at a moments’ notice，whereas steam engines require a waiting period while the water reserve warms to be boiling point．

As automobiles，trucks，buses，and aircraft of all sorts came into use，each with internal combustion engines，the demand for petroleum zoomed upward．Houses began to be heated by burning fuel oil rather than coal．Ships began to use oil；electricity began to be formed from the energy of burning oil．

In 1900，the energy derived from burning petroleum was only 4 percent that of coal．After World War II，the energy derived from burning the various fractions of petroleum exceeded that of coal，and petroleum is not the chief fuel powering the world’s technology．

The greater convenience of petroleum as compared with coal is，however，balanced by the fact that petroleum exist on Earth in far smaller quantities than coal

does．(This is not surprising，since the fatty substances from which petroleum was formed are far less common on Earth than the woody substances from which coal was formed．)

The total quantity of petroleum now thought to exist on Earth is about 14 trillion gallons．In weight that is only one-ninth as much as the total existing quantity of coal and，at the present moment，petroleum is being used up much more quickly．At the present rate of the use，the world’s supply of petroleum may last for only thirty years or so．

There is another complication in the fact that petroleum is not nearly so evenly distributed as coal is．The major consumers of energy have enough local coal to keep going but are，however，seriously short of petroleum．The United Stated has 10 percent of the total petroleum reserves of the world in its own

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博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。

territory，and has been a major producer for decades．It still is，but its enormous consumption of petroleum products is now making it an oil importer，SO that it is increasingly dependent on foreign nations for this vital resource．The Soviet Union has about as much petroleum as the United States，but it uses less，so it can be an exporter．

Nearly three-fifths of all known petroleum reserves on Earth is to be found in the territory of the various Arabic-speaking countries．Kuwait，for instance，which is a small nation at the head of the Persian Gulf，with an area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of about half a million，possesses about one-fifth of all the known petroleum reserves in the world． The political problems this creates are already becoming crucial． Questions：

1．In what way is petroleum unlike coal? (4％) 2．How is petroleum formed? (2％)

3．On what ground does the author finally say that petroleum creates crucial political problems? Please give all example of such crucial political problems．(4％) Part III Writing (30 points)

Directions：Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic： Professional Translation in the 21st Century

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http://hi.baidu.com/luckymti

博文MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 博文MTI QQ: 1582633616

关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：

1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。

2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。消化后，高分比较容易。

3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。

4.高分，2012-2013年两年里已经有300多学生用这套资料把考试分数考在了360分之上，最高421分，有的同学仅复习3个月。