5种基本句型
句型一：主语+系动词+表语（SVP）
该句型谓语动词是系动词（linking verb），这种动词没有具体的动作，而只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征的，因此被称为主语补足语或表语（能表示主语特征的成分），这就是“主系表”句型。
类型一：单纯表示主语 的特征、状态的。
The iron feels hot.
The rose doesn’t smell much.
类型二：表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的。
The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.
The teacher become angry.
Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short.
The jokes fell flat. I ‘ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week.
Go hungry
Go bad
Go sour
Hope your dreams will come true.
三、表示主语保持某种状态的
He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy. If you don’t stay busy ,you die. I don’t want to die right now.
You may rest assured that he will come to the party.
The weather continued fine for several days.
He held silent for the whole day.
四、近似于不及物动词的系动词
近似于不及物动词的系动词由sit, act, arrive, blush, marry, die 和be born等。有人将其称为“半系动词”，因为他们介于不及物动词和系动词之间。读者对这些系动词只需要了解
He arrived in the U.S. a penniless 21-year-old.
Lei Feng died young He used to be very rich, but he died poor.
He died a local company manager.
He acted quickly and seized the thief.
The crew, the passengers and everybody else acted heroically. Flying is all about teamwork and that’s what we displayed.
All men are created equal.
All the audience sat silence.
简单句叠加成复杂难句
Vitamins are organic compounds.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth of life.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth and maintenance of life animals, including man.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life animals, including man.
句型二：主语+谓语（SV）
1. 谓语动词的特点：
该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，所表示的动作没有作用对象，其本身意思完整，其后不需要带宾语。
The egg hatched.
The little eagle grew up.
It clunked and cackled.
尽管这个句型没有宾语，但在谓语动词后面往往会接状语，用来修饰谓语，比如表示动作发生的地点等。
An eagle’s egg was placed in the nest of chicken.
It scratched(觅食) in the dirt for seeds.
简单句的叠加
This trend began during the Second World War.
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion.
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
句型三：主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）
1. 谓语动词的特点
该句型的谓语动词是及物动词，这种动词告诉我们由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么，这个“所作用的对象”就是通常所说的宾语，因此这些动词是带有宾语的。英语中绝大多数动词都是及物动词。
But the not-so-easy way mean getting down.
There are no quick fixes. This attitude leads to disappointment.
简单句叠加成复杂句
The emphasis helped to obscure the great importance.
The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen helped to obscure the great importance.
The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance.
The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the condition and consequences of international trade.
The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the condition and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of nineteenth century.
句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVoO）
1. 谓语动词的特点
该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词，这种动词后面所接的成分有人又有物。一般来讲，这里的“人”表示动作的接受者，称作间接宾语；“物”表示动作作用的对象，是动作的承受者，称作直接宾语。间接宾语和直接宾语合起来称为双宾语。
He showed the guard his passport.(He showed his passport to the guard.) I am going to buy her a gift.(I am going to buy a gift for her.)
I’ll bet you ten dollars
Can I ask you a question?=Can I ask a question of you?
简单句叠加成复杂句
Her work won her the Nobel Prize in 1983.
Her work in genetics won United States scientist Babara McClintock her the Nobel Prize in 1983.
思维总结
掌握带有双宾语的句型，关键在于谓语动词 。所以对于一些通常需要接双宾语的谓语动词，应该熟练掌握。
句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
1. 谓语动词的特点：
该句型的谓语动词是宾补动词，这种动词后面接宾语，而此宾语后又接补充说明宾语的补足语。宾语和宾语补足语合起来称为复合宾语。
常见的带复合宾语的动词有 appoint, believe, call, choose, consider, declare, elect等。
I very much hope that this new medium will make my Christmas more personal and direct. A hedge between keeps friendship green. They appointed John chairman.
I believe him to be true.
The chairman declared the meeting over.
You can leave the door open.
2. 区分双宾语和复合宾语
在宾语后面加上be动词，若能构成一个语义通顺的句子，即是补足语。
I made John our chairman.
I made John a cake
She will make him a good husband.
She will make him a good wife.
简单句叠加成复杂句
Willa Cather considered this novel her best work.
Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century Nebraska, My Antonia this her best work.
思维总结
掌握带有复合宾语的句型，关键在于谓语动词。所以对于一些通常需要接复合宾语的谓语动词，应该熟练掌握。此外，读者应该学会判断双宾语和复合宾语。
