The cultural differences between Chinese and western etiquette probing 英语毕业论文

Thecultural differences between Chinese andwestern etiquette probing

[Abstract]
Etiquetteis a nation in the specific historical conditions and geographicalenvironment development and heritage down etiquette civilizationsstandard, is a symbol of the cultural morphology and reflect.Differences between Chinese and western culture in appellation andcall, meet, diners five aspects, ladies first show differentetiquette form. The different nationality's thinking style andconcept of value difference between Chinese and western etiquettedifference is the cultural roots. Use "and different" theattitude of treating the cultural differences between Chinese andwestern etiquette, recognition and respect for differences, exploringetiquette culture interoperability, it helps improve the sensitivityand of cultural differences on his culture, thereby improvingcommunication efficiency resilience.

[Keywords]
Chineseand western etiquette; Cultural difference; Values
First,Chinese and western etiquette culture difference
"Etiquette"is the product of civilized society, it is an artificial construct insocial interaction to specified in the manners people behavior suchas communication norms. As long as the human existence contacts andcommunication activities, human needs through etiquette to expresstheir emotions and respect each other. Spain's queen Elizabeth oncesaid, "courtesy but a letter of recommendation." trafficsifang China since ancient times, boasts a formal state, hospitablepersons with courtesy is the traditional virtues of the Chinesenation, which formed a rich culture etiquette, eliminate one untimelyfeudal dross, combining the development practice of The Times changeand enrich the content of the civilization and progress, still veryimportant. Especially in after China's entry into WTO, with the UKand the western countries represented frequently communicating. Ifyou don't understand western etiquette customs and traditions, he islikely to cause misunderstanding, causing communication cannot. Somewe don't mind words, manners, in foreign guests may look like isdisrespectful or offend or offensive, thus forming interpersonal andcommunication obstacles. To ensure that foreign relations andreception services running smoothly, avoid brusque and discourteous,it is necessary to understand and know countries etiquette habits andcharacteristics. Only in this way can we truly respect guests,

embodyChina's people's enthusiasm, hospitable formal state demeanor.Etiquette evident national features, is a kind of culture form symboland reflect, people in the raising of the foot, raised rhetoricbetween often reflects in different cultural characteristics.Different cultures, social communication standard also vary. Thecultural differences between Chinese and western etiquette is mainlymanifested in competitive with name, title and western taboo customand ladies first five aspects: 1、culturalappellation and call etiquette difference. Both Chinese and Englishculture differences on this problem is obvious. In Chinese culture,appellation is analytical, and in English culture, appellation isfuzzy general. An English word cousin, aunt and UN - cle cancorresponding eight different Chinese appellation. In the call, hanculture always think small, young must respect the old, older. Weoften say that Lao zhang, Lao li, old man, woman, old man, zhangsister-in-law, LiDaMa wait, it is to show respect titles. And inEnglish culture, in addition to formal occasions, "Mr And Mrs.Outside, met miss between size, no matter the age can all use firstnames, and that is a kind of close says even if the gap between ageso called also not brusque or impolite feeling, with Chineseetiquette habits completely opposite. Chinese children if parents,grandparents, for students in teacher use first names, it must beconsidered rude. In the west, "old" is weak, old, weak, sayothers as synonymous with "old" is a kind of contempt rudeperformance.

2、thedifference, meet etiquette. The Chinese body be tiny to meet beforehandshake for ritual, particularly with sloping supervisor or VIPshake hands when to respectfully underload upper body, and respect inthe west thought this action appear too despised. The Chinese oftenlike to use both hands clenched, left hand was severe or catch orslap each other's shoulder or back, even hug someone else's neck saysattitude enthusiasm and respect each other, people fromenglish-speaking countries grew disgust, think he too close, showedobvious hypocrisy and not true. Chinese often asked "meet youeat? Go? Stem what?" This very confused, westerners, sometimeseven anger, think interference in their affairs.

3、differentetiquette diners. Chinese on the table to good or not advised dishesfor courtesy, advised guests eat more drik, party show hosthospitality, westerners never reluctantly others, the guest with thehostess action often. Master general enquire if the guest are like todrink something, the guest should truthfully answer, the guest, thehost will no longer if declined reluctantly. The Chinese willactively pour tea or a drink, and continue to add tea. Westerners todrink the for courtesy, facing the master constantly

addtea. Often disoriented. But Chinese habit is not let the cup isvacant, guest host does not with an empty cup that called goodguests.

4、taboocustom differences. In the west, to ask about people's age, wages,marriage, love is big, privacy is considered sacred, and in China,these are often topic of conversation, people won't feel unhappy, ordisgust. Visiting a general is first should an appointment, made asurprise visit to be social taboos. Guests invited to dinner, Englishcountries on time or a few minutes late for courtesy, arrive early isnot only to lose Zagreb would also allow the hostess flat-footed,Chinese habit a few minutes early reach to show respect. Westernersparticularly irked by "13" this number, because theirsavior Jesus in 13 be crucified in which people produce from the fearand taboo 13, so in daily life and work trying to avoid 13, dinersavoided 13 people, with a table, building, room number addresses toavoid label 13. But in Chinese culture, "13" is set in a"evil" beauty, it is said "caress, intimacy," andsaid "despised, contempt". The most taboo digital is"four", because it and "dead" homophones.

5、ladiesfirst etiquette. Lady first in the west and internationalcommunication occasions is still widely principle. In cross-culturalcommunication ignore the principle is serious faux pas. On formalcommunication occasions, male and female first met by woman decideswhether handshake position (unless men age or great), high in indoorshake hands, in addition to the hostess outside, other lady generallydoes not stand up. Modern communication occasions "lady first"etiquette and advance such as into out let the women, fluctuationelevators, car or into go out, man initiative to open doors forwomen. The ladies first for westerners, Chinese are not used toetiquette is the priority principle of two Chinese old, weak,disease, remnants, yun priority and superior, the elder, VIP ispreferred. The Chinese do not have between the conventions of ladiesfirst, whether to meet by the superior or elder shook hands in indoordecision, boos, ladies also must stand up.

Second,the Chinese and western cultural roots etiquette difference Generallyspeaking, interpersonal, essentially culture. In the process ofsocialization who formed his own values system, which is in thelong-term national society formed under specific historicalconditions, is all sorts of geographical climate, political ecology,economy of intangible condensed, factors such as already intotraditional, relatively strong. It is a kind of thinking habits, is away of life and behavior patterns with as alien, a carrier of culture- the interactions, and foreigners inevitably will occur the valueorientation, comparative, collision or fusion. Though seeing values

systemtouch, in intangible, but everywhere, the ever-present of culturalgroups, with the role of regulation and guidance, is the culturegroup unconscious national character of the foundation. Each kind oftraditional etiquette principles reflect what he represents culture,reflects a national thinking style and concept of value, therefore,it can be said that the different nationality's thinking style andconcept of value difference between Chinese and western etiquettedifference is the cultural roots.

1、the"nature and humanity" and "nature two" thoughtsystem of influence. Confucianism in China had long dominant, itadvocates that the "class and, heaven and a" (dongzhongshu) thoughts. Chinese traditionally put "days" asnatural, advocates the "nature and humanity", i.e., thebelief that one should obey nature, pursue and the natural harmoniousunification. Chinese philosophy has been put the "nature andhumanity" as all the starting point and end-result ofideological system. People think in nature, there is a mysteriousforce in the universe, and control the people don't think conquernature but to let nature take its course, through the change itselfto adapt to natural obeys natural law, pursue and the naturalharmonious unification. Because of the natural law of nature obedientand superstition and fear and worship, make people have to strive toform a harmonious and stable
2、groupsocialist and the influence of the value orientation ofindividualism. Chinese culture to think that everyone is not isolatedindividuals on the network, but a member of the group. In order tomaintain the harmonious community not decomposition, in order tomaintain consolidate discrete, good interpersonal relationshipbetween groups formed some moral norms and values to restrain thebehavior of people. For example: the heavy righteousness light andself-control, level, introspection, collectivism and the honour lowvalues of group dependence. In groups of feminism to orientation ofChinese society, people must conform to the society and what a groupof expectations, humility or its derivatives "humble yourselfhonour people" courtesy behavior is respected by everyone. "Theritual" culture teaching people to be revered and who havestatus, maintenance and know how to comity and the honour low socialorder. Such as saw old man should say "hello old man", "anold teacher to", "granny", "the old man"etc, saw a position to greet people will call their positions to showrespect. The idea for characteristics in groups of Chinese culture,with attention handle interpersonal relationships, mutual concern andmodesty, mutual understanding and honest with its characteristics, inthe communicative for private, or like fanfiction unreservedlydisclose its own affairs, Chinese people like to flaunt

"gentlemanbeing naked, SIMS, often full", "not and human" thing.According to China's polite because private affairs is traditional,understanding to each other, care for each other's friendly greeting,said so in involving personal privacy is often used in the problem.These communicative language in western eye is related to the topic,and in the privacy of the eyes of the Chinese people is theembodiment of the harmonious interpersonal relationships. Entrenchedgroup consciousness make everyone habits of transparent life, alsoformed the habit of requiring others also transparent. Such personalbehavior and will often should be independent, tangible aroundcountless about intangible things restriction, makes no difference"privacy" viable, independent consciousness of theindividual just - an empty concept. Westerners is the mostrecommended personal independence of individualism. They givefreedom, equality, democracy and rights as the premise, the survivalof such values training its equity consciousness, democraticconsciousness and rights consciousness. Westerners respect personalpower, yearning freedom (freedom), advocating equality (withyourcompany), the "equality" idea embodied in greeting,appellation behavior patterns, still seem to be strangers even toopolite and courteous family, treat family members even youngergeneration is also "thank you" in noises. Theindividual-centered individual culture is individual independence,interests balance, mutual non-aggression, avoid conflict, and willcommunication rules as handle interpersonal relationships of a kindof strategy. For orientation of individualism for the westernsociety, individual freedom was as sacrosanct, people must comply.Privacy has been people's attention, because it can protectindividual autonomy, from others control and disposal. Westernersprivacy consciousness very strong, such as talking to people in theage of the people avoid talking about personal or disease, it is inorder to keep a community health, young, perfect image. As a kind ofprivacy, people avoid personal property or income such topics, isdoing to protect themselves, be helpful for personal existence andcompetition.

3、theinfluence of religious faith. After 2000 years of Chinese feudaldespotism, imperial than theocratic, not a religious dominant, ouroverall, is a secular country, so Chinese etiquette. No religiouscolor However in the west. Christianity has been the dominantreligion, in the 4th century, Christianity was the Roman empire asAnglican, become the west the spiritual pillar of the feudal system.Now, in euramerican and other western countries most people in theUnited States alone Christianity, as many as 40,000 many Christianchurch. In western history also has repeatedly outbreaks of

influentialreligious war, so the etiquette of western strong religious color.Western ladies first by Christian civilization etiquette to admirewomen, worship the influence of women for noble sentiment. Christians(Catholic and orthodox several) speaking. The blessed virgin Mary setup the honourable chaste image, received widespread respect.Christian civilization for virgin, to exalt maria beloved women likegod, even if western countries worship in the feudal autocraticsocial medieval times, knight to protect women traditional alsomission. Knight is to choose a lady love, respect and obedience as aset of idols, learn to woo, loyalty, protect women's abilities, stintas her suffering, gave his life, this kind "knights of manners"made a profound impact on social fashion.

Third,the enlightenment for Chinese and western cultural communication
Confuciussaid, "a gentleman, and different" mean. To admit"difference", in "different" formed on the basisof "and", namely harmonious and fusion, can make things todevelopment. Today's era of globalization, cultural exchanges havebecome increasingly frequent, and different "with" theattitude of treating exchanges between Chinese and western cultures,in recognition and respect for differences of different culturesbased on other outstanding cultural achievements absorbed updatetheir traditional culture, i.e. foreign things serve, innovation,make oneself of the cultural keep up with The Times, into theadvanced level, is a positive desirable attitude. First of all, theetiquette is to achieve interpersonal harmonious prerequisite andguarantee. Modern social interpersonal form more, more complex, butas the content of a harmonious relationship between binds us did notchange, basic factors is to establish a harmonious relationshipbetween the people in certain social behaviour and above. Harmoniousrelationship between the people need certain social etiquette, asbinder and lubricant, in cross-cultural communication is even moreso. Etiquette embody a nation's civilization and personal qualities,is the ^ cross-cultural communication between the premise andguarantee effectively. Secondly, the etiquette difference fromdifferent cultural connotations in its history deduce process are allmore or less with the characteristics of local culture in thecross-cultural communication, therefore we should not onlyacknowledge the differences existed, but also to understand andrespect of these differences. Intercultural communication is crucialto the success of the cultural differences and treat correctly to theunderstanding and heterogeneous culture respect is to avoid culturalconflict, realizing the equality associates, the necessary conditionsfor

thesuccessful cooperation. Consciously study and compare the differencesof different cultures etiquette, a deep understanding of the culturalconnotation of cultural differences, enhance the sensitivity andcultural resilience, can help us predict each other's communicativebehavior, do some psychological preparation, thus improvecommunication efficiency. Finally, in cross-cultural communicationmust seek out the interoperability, excavate the cultural existed indifferent cultures of similar or similar ideas, to moderninterpretation, achieve mutual recognition, so as to establish aharmonious relationship with each other. Everyone has to love and belove's psychological needs, "love" throughout differentcultural idea, is the traditional Chinese and western culture areacceptable general principle. In cross-cultural communication, in theface of life of the various conditions and various relations, theconcept of equality friendly throughout the whole process ofcommunicative behavior should be. For ritual culture such generality,we should be fully discover, to make it a multicultural launcheddialogues, discussion, thus achieve the harmonious development ofseeking common ground while reserving the solid foundation. Facedifferences, seek common ground while reserving differences, maintaina positive attitude, realize the communication's cultural identity.In an effort to inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of theChinese culture at the same time, pay attention to the culturalachievement of absorption of western excellent, rich update theirtraditional culture, right, right on to you, mutual respect, equalcontact, only in this way can we succeeded in interculturalcommunication.