1.翻译硕士英语考研模拟试题一

第3章《翻译硕士英语》模拟试题及详解 模拟试题一

Part I Vocabulary (30 points)

Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.

1. Those people who are ____________are most welcome to the politicians.

A. credulous B. credible C. incredible D. unbelievable

2. The old lady has developed a ____________cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.

A. perpetual B. permanent C. chronic D. sustained

3. Much as____________, I couldn?t lend him the money because I simply didn?t have that much spare cash.

A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. should have to 1ike D. I should have liked to

4. Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ________.

A. considerations B. obligations

C. observations D. regulations

5. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.

A. renders B. reckons C. regards D. relates

6. I won?t see you off at the airport tomorrow, so I will wish you ______.

A. have a good journey now B. a good journey now

C. would have a good journey now D. to have a good journey now

7. Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli____? A. disaster B. controversy C. confrontation D. aggression

8. The hidden room is ____only through a secret back entrance.

A. obtainable B. achievable C. attainable D. accessible

9. Those who support violence on television claim that it helps the viewer to ____steam and to get

rid of his feelings in a harmless way. A. let off

B. lash out C. leave off D. leak out

10. We are on the ________of a new era in European relations. A. threshold B. advent

C. commencement D. departure

11. Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with.

Once you________ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.

A. keep up with B. give away with C. go back on D. lose sight of

12. Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so

________and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.

A. vociferously B. patriotically C. verbosely D. loquaciously

13. The ________ company has an excellent reputation—which is understandable, since it?s been

in business for twenty years and has thousands of satisfied customers.

A. upstart B. senile

C. flourishing D. fledgling

14. One model is a high-fashion show wore a hat so________ that it had to be supported with four

poles carried by four attendants. A. levy B. volume C. valorous D. voluminous

15. There has been a great deal of _________ surrounding the closure of the hospital.

A. discrepancy B. combat C. disparity D. controversy

16. The stout fellow over there is the great magician, Charlie Williams, himself.

A. no other but

B. no one than C no other than D. none other than

17. As it turned out to be a small house party, we________ so formally.

A. needn?t dress up

B. did not need have dressed u p C. did not need dress up D. n eedn?t have dressed up

18. During the opera?s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra?s conductor

seemed , without necessary relation to what had gone before. A. tedious B. melodious

C. capricious D. cautious

19. Children and old people do not like having their daily upset.

A. habit B. practice C. routine D. custom

20. One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come

about . A. accordingly B. accidentally C. artificially D. additionally

21. Courageous people think quickly and act without . A. hesitation B. complaint C. consideration D. anxiety

22. In the preface my book, I express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers and friends who have been of help to me during my three years? life in the university.

A. on B. for C. to D. in

23. But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a

real challenge.

A. interaction B. supervision C. availability D. disposition

24. At eight o?clock she laid whatever she was doing to tell the children a story before they went to bed.

A. away B. off C. aside D. out of

25. Financial institutions will spend huge sums, rolling our nationwide networks in Britain, France; Spain and perhaps in Germany. But the seeds for the most __________growth will be sown in America, where most banks have been slow to experiment with digital dollars until now.

A. spectacular B. splendid C. specified D. specialized

26. Of all things banish the __________out of your conversation, and never think of entertaining people with your own personal concerns of private affairs.

A. egotism B. selfishness C. conscience D. consciousness

27. The actor with whom I played the scene __________for me beautifully, whispering the opening words of each of my lines, as did others in subsequent scenes.

A. covered up B. broke up C. made up D. stirred up

28. I?m afraid the result of the coming election is a conclusion.

A. foregone B. foreseen C. predictable D. prospective

29. As he took his foot off the clutch the car forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.

A. lurched B. swirled C. staggered D. wobbled

30. He thumbed through the rose to see if there was anything he fancied for his south-facing wall.

A. brochure B. catalogue C. pamphlet D. booklet

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions:In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions and 3 short-answer questions. Please read the passages and then write your answers on the answer sheet.

Passage One

The increase in leisure time, the higher standard of living, the availability of cars to a wider range of the population and,

perhaps, a broadening of personal horizons have all contributed to a drastic change in the summer week-end habits of the British public. Now, on most Saturdays in the months loosely called summer, it is possible to see family saloons loaded with picnics and crammed to bursting with several generations of pleasure-bent …Smiths?. Like competitors in some grossly disorganized rally, they nose their way through the neat drab streets of council estates, converging on the main roads, then crawl as best they can out into the open country and towards the coast.

Congestion and the frustration of wasting precious time at the receiving end of someone else?s exhaust fumes gets the pursuit of enjoyment off to bad start; tempers become frayed. Children, traditionally the target for fathers? ill-humor, are singled out for special treatment. The past week?s misdeeds are unearthed and magnified o ut of all reasonable proportion; mothers leap to their broods? defense and, before long, vows that never again will this outing be repeated are being hurled back and forth. Of course, by this time, the children have wisely extracted themselves from the argument and are quietly amusing themselves by looking at their irate elders or gaping at the unfamiliar sight of animals in fields, often so much stranger to them than the corresponding naked shapes they are wont to see in butchers? windows.

Eventually, tempers partially restored, the sea is in sight. The paraphernalia of enjoyment is set up on teeming beach, sand mysteriously appears in every sandwich, pale industrial legs are exposed in self-conscious nakedness.

The children drift away, quite capable of finding enough magic in this exciting, watery world to occupy them fully until they are gathered in again. Fathers and mothers, and quite

possibly some members of a previous generation, settle back to receive the sun and dream away the tensions brought to a climax by the journey. Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness and mothers glare with disapproval and envy as the shapely matrons of tomorrow splash and play and race coquettishly around them, spraying water and sand and disturbing any hopes of peace.

At length the shadows drop and chill in the air brings an end to the idyll. The lobster skin is painfully covered up and the day?s debris half-heartedly collected. The family is rounded up and the brief dreams trodden into the sand along with the wasted paper.

31. The writer suggests that tempers become frayed because ________.

A. there are too many careless drivers on the roads B. there are too many cars on the roads C. the cars are crowded D. the children are irritating

32. How do the fathers react when angry? A. They stop the children misbehaving.

B. They complain about the children?s wrongdoing. C. They are easy to quarrel with the mothers. D. They shout at their wives.

33. What do they find when they finally stop? A. There are sandwich stalls erected there. B. There are factory workers sunbathing. C. The beach is very crowded.

D. The beach is covered with a lot of paraphernalia. 34. Why are mothers liable to give disapproving looks? A. They resent their husbands? admiration of the intruders. B. They are angry at being disturbed when they want peace and quiet.

C. They haven?t yet recovered from the effects of the journey. D. They are jealous because these people are in better shape than they are.

35. When they prepare to leave, they ________. A. carefully pack away the lobsters they have caught B. put plasters on the places where they have been hurt C. cover over their debris with waste paper D. dress carefully to avoid any further irritation Passage Two

Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few Companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return on what has been spent. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.

Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense that has to be accepted in order to sell their goods. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company?s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.

Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward

policy in a written form. Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on anything other than urgent operational problems. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient detail s of the company?s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.

As the many alternative courses of action are programmed, the assistant takes any actions or decisions which are appropriate. Only unusual situations need be dealt with by the manager.

The first step in preparing a marketing plan is that of producing the information necessary for decision making. Usually, a company will have within its own administration and control system the raw material necessary for the plan?s fo undations. In addition, there is plenty of published information which is made available by government departments, institutions and the press.

Marketing research is yet to be fully exploited by the majority of companies. It has so far only been used by companies that have recognized that their existing information sources are inadequate. Because of the scale of operations that now confronts the typical businessman, it is essential that investment decisions are based upon relevant information, so reducing the business risk.

For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of

detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company?s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.

36. The amount of money spent on marketing by most companies each year _____.

A. equals the amount spent on capital equipment B. does not give a good return on the investment C. is not based on an assessment of its potential value D. is viewed by these companies as an important business investment

37. Managers usually regard the costs of marketing as _____. A. something which increases the cost of goods B. helpful but not essential to a company?s success C. less important than investment in production D. an unnecessary extra business cost

38. Why are marketing plans not written down by many managers?

A. They do not have time to do it. B. They know it would be difficult to do.

C. They never follow any particular marketing plan. D. They do not think it is really necessary

39. Good marketing procedures allow a manager _____. A. to take different courses of action B. to do less work than others C. to avoid unforeseen problems D. to give more responsibility to others

40. How should a manager begin writing a marketing plan? A. By doing market research outside the company.

B. By looking at information produced by other companies. C. By analyzing procedures already used by the company.

D. By finding information from many different sources. Passage Three

In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure of

the various formal and informal groups we belong to, the pressure to back their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions. Thus our urge to conform receives continuing, even daily reinforcement. To be sure, the intensity of the reinforcement, like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it, differs widely among individuals. Yet some pressure is present for everyone. And in one way or another, to some extent, everyone yields to it.

It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group?s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong He might even speak out, reminding them that occasional, moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it. But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence. Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable. In time, if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view. He may even keep himself from thinking.

This kind of pressure, whether spoken or unspoken, can be generated by any group, regardless of how liberal or conservative, formal or casual it may be. Friday night poker clubs, churches, political parties, committees, fraternities, unions. The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos. But let one uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him.

Similarly, in high school and college, the crowd a student travels with has certain (usually unstate D) expectations for its members. If they drink or smoke, they will often make the member who does not do so fe el that he doesn?t fully belong. If a member does not share their views on sex, drugs, studying, cheating, or any other subject of importance to them, they will communicate their displeasure. The way they communicate, of course, may be more or less direct. They may tell him he?d better conform “or else”. They may launch a teasing campaign against him. Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for himself and resolves to behave more like them.

The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with the tendency to resist change. If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us, we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas and behavior. In such .cases, the way we turn will depend on which tendency is stronger in us or which value we are more committed to. More often,-however, the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other. For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes mid actions are similar to our own.

41. The writer most probably discusses ____ in the previous part of the text.

A. advantages that conformity brings us B. internal urge we have to conform with others C. the definition of conformity D. the necessity of conformity

42. You may experience external pressure to conform ____. A. when you conceal your points of view B. from the time when you were born

C. when your opinions are different from those of the group to which you belong

D. when you face something new 43. A temperance group is ____.

A. an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages'

B. an organization that urges people to stop drinking alcoholic liquors

C. an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beverages

D. an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors

44. If you refuse to give up your ideas which are different from the others in the group you

belong to, ____.

A. you will be tom apart by the others B. their wrath will descend on you C. you will gradually be deserted by them D. you will resolve to behave more like them 45. The main topic of this text is ____.

A. the external pressure which urges us to conform with others

B. both the internal and external urge we have to conform with others

C. the urge and the tendency for us to conform with others D. the generation of the external urge for us to conform with others

Passage Four

Theoretical physicists use mathematics to describe certain aspects of Nature. Sir Isaac Newton was the first theoretical

physicist, although in his own time his profession was called “natural philosophy”.

By Newton?s era people had already used algebra and geometry to build marvelous works of architecture, including the great cathedrals of Europe, but algebra and geometry only describe things that are sitting still. In order to describe things that are moving or changing in some way, Newton invented calculus.

The most puzzling and intriguing moving things visible to humans have always been the sun, the moon, the planets and the stars we can see in the night sky. Newton?s new calculus, combined with his “Laws of Motion”, made a mathematical model for the force of gravity that not only described the observed motions of planets and stars in the night sky, but also of swinging weights and flying cannonballs in England.

Today?s theoretical physicists are often working on the boundaries of known mathematics, sometimes inventing new mathematics as they need it, like Newton did with calculus.

Newton was both a theorist and an experimentalist. He spent many long hours, to the point of neglecting his health, observing the way Nature behaved so that he might describe it better. The so-called “Newton?s Laws of Motion” are not abstract laws that Nature is somehow forced to obey, but the observed behavior of Nature that is described in the language of mathematics. In Newton?s time, theory and experiment went together.

Today the functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities in physics. Both experiments and theories are much more complex than back in Newton?s time. Theorists are exploring areas of Nature in mathematics that

technology so far does not allow us to observe in experiments. Many of the theoretical physicists who are alive today may not live to see how the real Nature compares with her mathematical description in their work. Today?s theorists have to learn to live with ambiguity and uncertainty in their mission to describe Nature using math.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Newton?s mathematical description of motion using calculus and his model for the gravitational force were extended very successfully to the emerging science and technology of electromagnetism. Calculus evolved into classical field theory.

Once electromagnetic fields were thoroughly described using mathematics, many physicists

felt that the field was finished, that there was nothing left to describe or explain.

Then the electron was discovered, and particle physics was born. Through the mathematics of quantum mechanics and experimental observation, it was deduced that all known particles fell into one of two classes: bosons or fermions. Bosons are particles that transmit forces. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time. This is not true for fermions, only one fermion can occupy a given state at a given time, and this is why fermions are the particles that make up matter. This is why solids can?t pass throu gh one another, why we can?t walk through walls-because of Pauli repulsion-the inability of fermions (matter) to share the same space the way bosons (forces) can.

While particle physics was developing with quantum mechanics, increasing observational evidence indicated that light, as electromagnetic radiation, traveled at one fixed speed (in a vacuum) in every direction, according to every observer. This

discovery and the mathematics that Einstein developed to describe it and model it in his Special Theory of Relativity, when combined with the later development of quantum mechanics, gave birth to the rich subject of relativistic quantum field theory. Relativistic quantum field theory is the foundation of our present theoretical ability to describe the behavior of the subatomic particles physicists have been observing and studying in the latter half of the 20th century.

But Einstein then extended his Special Theory of Relativity to encompass Newton?s theory of gravitation, and the result, Einstein?s Gen eral Theory of Relativity, brought the mathematics called differential geometry into physics.

General relativity has had many observational successes that proved its worth as a description of Nature, but two of the predictions of this theory have staggered the public and scientific imaginations: the expanding Universe, and black holes. Both have been observed, and both encapsulate issues that, at least in the mathematics, brush up against the very nature of reality and existence.

Relativistic quantum field theory has worked very well to describe the observed behaviors and properties of elementary particles. But the theory itself only works well when gravity is so weak that it can be neglected. Particle theory only works when we pretend gravity doesn?t exist.

General relativity has yielded a wealth of insight into the Universe, the orbits of planets, the evolution of stars and galaxies, the Big Bang and recently observed black holes and gravitational lenses. However, the theory itself only works when we pretend that the Universe is purely classical and that quantum mechanics is not needed in our description of Nature.

String theory is believed to close this gap.

Originally, string theory was proposed as an explanation for the observed relationship between mass and spin for certain particles called hadrons, which include the proton and neutron. Things didn?t work out, though, and Quantum Chromodynamics eventually proved a better theory for hadrons.

But particles in string theory arise as excitations of the string, and included in the excitations of a string in string theory is a particle with zero mass and two units of spin.

If there were a good quantum theory of gravity, then the particle that would carry the gravitational force would have zero mass and two units of spin. This has been known by theoretical physicists for a long time. This theorized particle is called the graviton.

This led early string theorists to propose that string theory be applied not as a theory of hadronic particles, but as a theory of quantum gravity, the unfulfilled fantasy of theoretical physics in the particle and gravity communities for decades. But it wasn?t enough that there be a graviton

predicted by string theory. One can add a graviton to quantum field theory by hand, but the calculations that are supposed to describe Nature become useless. This is because, as illustrated in the diagram above, particle interactions occur at a single point of spacetime, at zero distance between the interacting panicles. For gravitons, the mathematics behaves so badly at zero distance that the answers just don?t make sense. In string theory, the strings collide over a small but finite distance, and the answers do make sense.

This doesn?t mean that string theory is not without its deficiencies. But the zero distance behavior is such that we can

combine quantum mechanics and gravity, and we can talk sensibly about a string excitation that carries the gravitational force.

This was a very great hurdle that was overcome for late 20th century physics, which is why so many young people are willing to learn the grueling complex and abstract mathematics that is necessary to study a quantum theory of interacting strings.

46. Please give your account of “Newton?s Laws of Motion”.（2 points）

47. What is the present state of scientific research in account of Nature?（4 points）

48. What is the difference between bosons and fermions? （4 points）

III. Writing (30 points)

A magazine is publishing a series of articles on “Modern Life”. Readers have been asked to contribute. You write an article about 400 words on clothes and fashions of young people today, and explain how their meanings are determined by social and cultural factors.

参及解析

Part I Vocabulary (30 points)

1.A 句意：轻信的人最受政治家欢迎。credulous轻信的，容易受骗的。credible可信的。

incredible和unbelievable都表示“难以置信的”。

2.C chronic“慢性的”，常用来形容持续时间长的病症。perpetual永久的，主要指时间。

permanent永久的，持久的，强调事物固定不变。sustained持续不变的，强调不间断性。

3.A 句意：尽管我很想借给他钱，但是我做不到，因为我没有那么多现金。much as放在句

首，等同于however much，意为“尽管，不管程度多高”。would like to表示意愿，过去时为would have like to。

4.A 句意：尽管建筑有艺术性，但它也要满足一些重要的对实际应用的考虑。consideration

考虑，要考虑的事情。obligation义务，责任。observation注意；观察力；言论。regulation 管理；规章。

5.A render使；致使。reckon猜想，估计。regard注意，认作。relate讲述，叙述。

6.B 此处wish接双宾语表示祝愿。you和a good journey同是宾语。

7.C 句意：阿拉伯和以色列的对抗会结束吗？confrontation对抗。controversy论战，辩论。

aggression进攻，侵略。

8.D 句意：这个隐蔽的房间只有通过后方一个秘密通道才能到达。accessible可到达的。

obtainable能得到的，可到手的。achievable可完成的，可有成就的。attainable可得到的。

9.A 句意：那些支持电视播出暴力节目的人声称这能帮助观众宣泄过剩的精力，帮助他们

用一种无害的方式摆脱自己的情感。let off steam宣泄被压抑的过剩精力或情感。lash out突然猛击，猛烈抨击。leave off不再穿某物。leak out泄露，透露。

10.A 句意：我们即将迎来欧洲关系发展的新时期。threshold（某事物发生或运作的）起点。

on the threshold of即将开始。the advent of(重要时期的)来临。commencement开始。

11.C 句意：现在，我们的倡导我们无论做什么事，无论和什么样的人打交道都要讲诚

信。一旦你食言，你将失去你的社会地位和个人信誉。go back on违背（诺言或协议）。

keep up with知道正在发生的事情。give away with泄露(秘密)。lose sight of忽略。12.A 句意：法国士兵Nicholas Chauvin为了表达对Napoleon Bonaparte的崇拜总是不停地

喊叫，这使他成了所有欧洲人的笑柄。vociferously喊叫地，吵闹地。patriotically爱国地。verbosely冗长地，累赘地。loquaciously多嘴地，饶舌地。

13.C upstart暴发户，新贵。senile衰老的。flourishing繁荣的，欣欣向荣的。fledgling无经

验的人。

14.D levy动词，征收(捐税，罚款等)。volume名词，体积，容积，容量。valorous勇敢的，

勇武的，无畏的。voluminous宽松的，肥大的。

15.A 句意：针对这家医院的关闭问题有一些不一样的观点。discrepancy差异，不一致。

combat 战斗。disparity悬殊。controversy论战。

16.D 句意：那边那个矮胖的人不是别人，正式伟大的魔术师查理·威廉。none other than

不是别的，正是。

17.D needn?t have done对过去发生事情的虚拟，表“本不必要，但实际上却”之意。

18.C 句意：在该歌剧最为著名的咏叹调中，管弦乐队指挥所选择的拍子看起来变幻莫测，

似乎与前面的节拍没有必然联系。capricious变幻莫测的，反复无常的。tedious单调乏味的，沉闷的。melodious音调优美的。cautious谨慎的，小心的。

19.C 句意：小孩和老人不喜欢自己的常规生活秩序被打乱。routine常规，固定而有规则性

的程序。habit习惯，习性。practice惯常做的事，习俗。custom习俗，习惯。

20.B 句意：对科学的一个错误观念是，许多科学发现都是偶然发

生的。accidentally偶然地，

意外地。accordingly因此，从而。artificially人工地。additionally附加地，另外地。

21.A 句意：有胆识的人思维敏捷，行动起来毫不犹豫。hesitation犹豫，踌躇。complaint

抱怨，牢骚。consideration考虑。anxiety焦虑，焦急。 22.C preface to a book书的序言。

23.B supervision监督，管理。interaction互相影响。availability可用性，实用性。disposition

部署；性情，脾气。

24.C lay aside搁置；放弃。lay away贮存。lay off解雇；停止雇用。lay out摆开，布置。

25.A 该句表达“最引人注目的投资将会在美国”之意。spectacular引人注目的，出色的。

splendid华丽的，壮丽的，辉煌的。specified详细的。specialized专门的，专科的。26.A 句意：交谈中，首先要摈弃以自我为中心的癖好，绝不要试图用自己的私事或者自己

关注的事去逗乐他人。egotism自我中心。selfishness自私自利。conscience良心，道德心。consciousness意识，知觉。

27.A 句意：与我搭档演戏的演员与我配合得很棒，会低声说出我每句台词的开头词句，在

接下来其他的戏里他也会这样做。cover up for sb为某人掩盖错误或隐瞒罪行等。

break up解散，瓦解。make up组成，构成。stir up惹起麻烦等。

28.C predictable可预知的，预料中的。foregone先前的，过去的。foreseen预见的。prospective

未来的，盼望中的。A，B，D三项都未表达出预知的“可能性”这一含义。

29.A lurch突然或无规则地倾斜。stagger蹒跚。wobble摆动，

不稳定。swirl打漩, 盘绕。

30.B 句意：他翻查有关玫瑰花的目录，看看是否有哪个品种适合种植在南墙。catalogue

目录。brochure包括推销材料或产品信息的册子。pamphlet不装订的小本出版物。

booklet小册子。

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points) Passage One

31.B 根据第二段第一句可知，“交通拥挤以及把宝贵时间浪费在接收别人车辆的尾气上带

来的挫败感使得追求快乐变成了糟糕的开始”，从而导致tempers become frayed“脾气烦躁”，由此可判断原因是路上车太多。

32.B 第二段第二句讲的是孩子通常是父亲发泄怒气的目标。第三句依然描述父亲的行为，

把孩子上周犯的错重新挖出来并放大。

33.C 第三段teeming，every等词暗示沙滩上的人密密麻麻。 34.A 第四段提到Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness。丈夫以色迷迷的眼光鬼鬼祟祟地看别

的人，所以妻子不乐意。

35.D 从最后一段可知the lobster skin被covered up而非packed away；plasters和hurt在文

中并未提及。the debris被collected而非covered with waste paper。wasted paper是被trodden into the sand。dress在此处可理解为“整理”。

Passage Two

36.C 从第一段第三句“Yet every year the v ast majority of Companies ...or likely return will

be.”可知很多公司不知道做市场营销能给公司带来什么样的金融价值或回报，即他们做的市场营销不是基于对其潜在价值的评估，故

选C项。

37.A 由“Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense”可知许

多经理认为营销成本是一项额外花费，即增加了商品的成本。后面又说“许多成功运营的企业视营销为重要的投资手段”，故可排除其余三个选项。

38.D 第三段谈到Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on

anything other than urgent operational problems.“经理们普遍认为他们的时间宝贵，与其把时间花在这些紧急的操作问题上，还不如花在任何其他事情上有意义。”他们并非没有时间，因此选项A错误，他们认为没必要写营销计划才是根本原因，故选项D正确。

39.B 根据第三段最后三句“if properly prepared ... need be dealt with by the manager.”可知如

果准备充分，常规工作都可交由助手做，经理只需处理特殊情况，即经理做的工作就比其他人少了。故选B。

40.D 从第三段“The first step ... government departments, institutions and the press.”知准备营

销计划的的第一步就是从公司内部、部门、机构和新闻界搜集需要的信息。选项

A、B和C均只是其中的一方面，不够全面，只有选项D正确。 Passage three

41.B 从第一段的“In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the

external pressure…”“除了我们自身产生的顺应他人的推动力以外，还有外在的压力……”可以得出作者在此之前讨论的是B“顺应他人的内在推动力”

42.C 第二段举出了一个例子：一个禁酒组织的新成员可能因为不赞成这个组织严格坚持

认为所有的饮酒行为都是错误的这个观点而提出异议，但团体会

让他很快知道这种不同的观点是不受欢迎的。因此可以得出答案C“当你的意见和你所属的团体意见不同时”，你会感到顺应大势所带来的外部压力。

43.B “temperance”的意思为“节欲, 戒酒, 禁酒”，如果不清楚这个词的意思也可以从第二

段的“the group?s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong”“这个组织严格坚持认为所有的饮酒行为都是错误的”，因此，不难选出答案B“禁酒组织是一个激励人们停止饮酒的组织”。

44.C 从第二段和第三段的两个例子可以看出，当你拒绝放弃自己的与集体不同的观点时，

“he will be made to feel uncomfortable”“their wrath will descend on him.”, 大家会“让他感到不安”或“用愤怒袭击他”。因此，选C项“你会渐渐被他们所疏远。”

45.A 结合整篇文章内容，抓住关键词中心句：第一段的第一句话，就可以得出整篇文章

主要讲的就是选项A“促使我们顺应他人的外在压力”。 Passage four

46. It is a mathematical model for the force of gravity and describes the observed behavior of Nature in the language of mathematics. (作者并未对“牛顿运动定律”的具体内容予以介绍，只是在第三、五段介绍了该定律的大致特点：该定律是描述地球引力的数学模型，并用数学语言对自然界可观察现象进行描述。)

47. The functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities and are more complex than before.（第六段介绍了当今科学界的研究方法：理论和观察被归结为两个截然不同的领域。无论在试验还是理论上，方法都比以前更复杂。）

48. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time; whereas only one fermion can occupy a given state at a given time.（第八段提到任何物质的粒子不外乎两种：玻色子或费密子。区

别在于：多个玻色子可以共处于同一量子状态。费密子则需要借助外力才能保持同一状态，否则就向邻近状态变迁。后文还介绍，费密子遵守庖利不相容原理，即：任何两个费密子不会同时处于相同的量子态，一般物质的很多特性都是来自于这个原则。）III. Writing (30 points)

Clothes and Fashions of Young People

Fashion in clothes has allowed wearers to express emotion or solidarity with other people for millennia. Modern Westerners have a wide choice available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect their personality or likes. When people who have cultural status start to wear new or different clothes a fashion trend may start; people who like or respect them may start to wear clothes of a similar style.

People have different attitudes to fashion. Some are indifferent, what they wear, for example men and old people. Women are very choosy and particular. They like to spend a lot of money on clothes, but some women sometimes buy clothes, which a ren?t particularly expensive. Young people like to wear leisure clothes or they imitate their favorite pop star. Some men are choosy too. They like to spend a lot of money on expensive clothes in elegant shops, but there are some women who buy clothes for their husbands. Some people want to be different asunder some people. They wear strange clothes. People wear clothes according to their taste, moods or their character.

Fashions may vary significantly within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation and geography as well as over time. The styles of clothes are influenced by commercials or advertisements. Very many women choose clothes in fashion show. Fashion concerns clothes, but also hair style, make-up and accessories, shoes, handbags, gloves or glasses.

Style, cuts, designs and the length of clothes are changing too. Miniskirts are favorite in at one time. Soon they are replaced by loose dress or maxi-style. Fashion often reverts to older styles and traditional, natural materials such as cotton, wool, linen or silk. Favorite material is denim, the design of which can be plain or patterned.

In summer youngsters wear light summer dresses, loose blouses, skirts, shorts and T-shirts. On their feet they pull on sandals. In winter they need to wear something warm—jeans, cardigans, sweaters, anoraks and boots.

On special occasions young people like to be dressed properly too. When they go to a concert or to the theatre they are always dressed up. They wear an evening dress, such as shirt, trousers, tie and dress. For sports they put on sports wear, such as jeans, shorts, T-shirts. At home they like to feel comfortable, and so they prefer leisure clothes, such as trousers, T-shirts. To school they wear

something practical, such as trousers, jeans, T-shirt, sweat-suit and trainers.

Special kinds of clothes are uniforms and costumes. Uniforms are worn particularly by professionals such as the police, the armed forces or health workers.

Some people do not choose their dress with regard to the latest fashion. The most important thing is to wear dresses that are neat and clean. Most youngsters like wearing leisure wear, such as jeans, trousers, maxi or mini skirts, T-shirt or shirt. They like wearing different clothes and they wear clothes according to moods so that they can feel comfortable.