词汇记忆之词缀法

2009-03-28 09:08:14| 分类： 英语词汇 | 标签： |字号大中小 订阅 英语的词汇构成和汉语有异曲同工之妙，一般说来，一个较长的单词是由 ////前缀+词根+后缀 ////构成的，词根一般是比较简单的单词，因此要快速的扩充词汇就要记住英语中重要前缀的含义，在此基础上可以使自己的词汇量快速扩展，并且对于阅读理解中猜测单词的含义非常重要，下面列出了英语中的常用前缀，以及由他们构成的单词举例，在我的单词课上我认为他们非常有用，现在和大家分享。

1、常考前缀

aero-：concerning the air of aircraft

plane—aeroplane space—aerospace anti-：against；opposite of

nuclear—antinuclear matter—antimatter war—antiwar auto-：of or by oneself biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticism be-：to treat as the stated thing

friend—befriend little—belittle

bi-：two；twice；double

lingual—bilingual cycle—bicycle

bio-：concerning living things

chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere by-，bye-：less important produce—by-produce

way—byway centi-：hundredth part grade—centigrade meter—centimeter co-：together，with author—coauthor exist—coexist

col-：( used before l ) together，with

location—collocation

com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with

passion—compassion con-：together，with centric—concentric federation—confederation

contra-：opposite diction—contradiction natural—contranatural

cor-：( used before r ) together，with

relate—correlate respond—correspond counter-：opposite act—counteract attack—counterattack

cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them

country—crosscountry breed—crossbreed

de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce

code—decode value—devalue dis-：not；the opposite of advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree honest—dishonest

em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become

body—embody power—empower

en-：to cause to become；to make

danger—endanger large—enlarge

ex-：former ( and still living )

minister—ex-minister wife—ex-wife extra-：outside；beyond curricular—extracurricular ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front

arm—forearm warn—forewarn il-：( used before l ) not

legal—illegal literate—illiterate

im-：( used before b，m，p ) not

moral—immoral possible—impossible

in-：not direct—indirect sensitive—insensitive

infra-：below in a range；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure inter-：between；among change——interchange national——international

intra-：inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department ir-：（used before r）not

regular——irregular responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：thousand gram——kilogram meter——kilometer

macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than

particular parts of

economics——macroeconomics structure——macrostructure mal-：bad or badly function——malfunction

treat——maltreat micro-：extremely small computer——microcomputer electronics——microelectronics

mid-：middle day——midday night——midnight mini-：small；short bus——minibus skirt——miniskirt

mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly

fortune——misfortune understand——misunderstand mono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotone multi-：more than one；many

purpose——multipurpose national——multinational

non-：not

resident——non(-)resident sense——nonsense out-：outside；beyond

live——outlive door——outdoor

over-：too much；above；additional

head——overhead time——overtime poly-：many

centric——polycentric syllabic——polysyllabic post-：later than；after graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar

pre-：before；in advance

pay——prepay war——prewar

pro-：in favor of，supporting America——pro-America abortion——pro-abortion re-：again；back to the former state

unite——reunite use——reuse

self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in

oneself or itself

employed——self-employed taught——self-taught semi-：half；partly circle——semicircle final——semifinal

step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried

mother——stepmother children——stepchildren

sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger

whole

divide——subdivide section——subsection

super-：more，larger，greater than usual

market——supermarket natural——supernatural

tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television

communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between

Atlantic—transatlantic plant—transplant tri-: three; three times angular—triangular cycle—tricycle

ultra-: beyond; very, extremely

modern—ultramodern sound—ultrasound un-: not

certain—uncertain fortunate—unfortunate under-: too little; below develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea uni-: one, singer form—uniform

directional—unidirectional vice-: next in the rank; below

chairman—vice-chairman president—vice-president

2.常考后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability，-ibility able—ability flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival refuse—refusal -an，-ian，-arian library—librarian music—musician -ance，-ence appear—appearance refer—reference -ancy，-ency emerge—emergency expect—expectancy -ant，-ent apply—applicant

correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuratcy private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee interview—interviewee -er，-or，-ar paint—painter beg—beggar -ery

brave—bravery slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful spoon—spoonful

-hood

child—childhood man—manhood

-ics

electron—electronics linguist—linguistics -ion，-ition，-ation collect—collection observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism socialist—socialism

-ist

psychiatry—psychiatrist

violin—violinist -ity，-ty cruel—cruelty pure—purity -ment

move—movement retire——retirement

-ness

dark——darkness happy——happiness

-ology

climate——climatology future——futurology

-ship

friend——friendship scholar——scholarship -sion，-ssion decide——decision expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth wide——width

-ure

close——closure expose——exposure (2)动词前缀

-en

deep——deepen fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify simple——simplify

-ize，-ise

modern——modernize / modernize popular——popularize / popularize

(3)形容词后缀 -able，-ible suit——suitable question——questionable

nature——natural structure——structural -an，-arian，-ian suburb——suburban Canada——Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ——different please——pleasant -ary，-ory

advise——advisory custom——customary

-ate

consider——considerate fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful pain——painful -ic，-ical atom——atomic

psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish child——childish

-ive

create——creative support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless pain——painless

-like

child——childlike lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly

month——monthly -ous，-ious

danger——dangerous poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downward up——upward

-y

guilt-guilty noise-noisy

(4)副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily heavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward(s) north-northward(s)

-wise

clock-clockwise