1、常考前缀
aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane—aeroplane
space—aerospace
anti-：against；opposite of nuclear—antinuclear
matter—antimatter war—antiwar
auto-：of or by oneself biography—autobiography
criticism—autocriticism
be-：to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend
little—belittle
bi-：two；twice；double lingual—bilingual cycle—bicycle
bio-：concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere
by-，bye-：less important produce—by-produce way—byway
centi-：hundredth part grade—centigrade meter—centimeter co-：together，with author—coauthor exist—coexist
col-：( used before l ) together，with location—collocation
com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion—compassion con-：together，with centric—concentric
federation—confederation contra-：opposite
diction—contradiction natural—contranatural
cor-：( used before r ) together，with relate—correlate respond—correspond counter-：opposite act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country—crosscountry breed—crossbreed
de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code—decode value—devalue
dis-：not；the opposite of advantage—disadvantage agree—disagree
honest—dishonest
em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body—embody power—empower
en-：to cause to become；to make danger—endanger large—enlarge
ex-：former ( and still living ) minister—ex-minister wife—ex-wife
extra-：outside；beyond curricular—extracurricular ordinary—extraordinary
fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm—forearm warn—forewarn il-：( used before l ) not legal—illegal literate—illiterate
im-：( used before b，m，p ) not moral—immoral possible—impossible in-：not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
infra-：below in a range；beyond red—infrared
structure——infrastructure inter-：between；among change——interchange national——international intra-：inside，within；into city——intracity
department——intra-department ir-：（used before r）not regular——irregular
responsible——irresponsible kilo-：thousand
gram——kilogram meter——kilometer
macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than
particular parts of
economics——macroeconomics structure——macrostructure mal-：bad or badly
function——malfunction treat——maltreat
micro-：extremely small
computer——microcomputer
electronics——microelectronics mid-：middle day——midday night——midnight mini-：small；short bus——minibus skirt——miniskirt
mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune——misfortune
understand——misunderstand mono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotone
multi-：more than one；many purpose——multipurpose national——multinational non-：not
resident——non(-)resident sense——nonsense out-：outside；beyond live——outlive door——outdoor
over-：too much；above；additional head——overhead time——overtime poly-：many
centric——polycentric syllabic——polysyllabic post-：later than；after graduate——postgraduate war——postwar
pre-：before；in advance pay——prepay war——prewar
pro-：in favor of，supporting America——pro-America abortion——pro-abortion
re-：again；back to the former state unite——reunite use——reuse
self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in
oneself or itself
employed——self-employed taught——self-taught semi-：half；partly circle——semicircle final——semifinal
step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother——stepmother
children——stepchildren
sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger
whole
divide——subdivide section——subsection
super-：more，larger，greater than usual market——supermarket natural——supernatural
tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication——telecommunication screen——telescreen therm(o)-：concerning heat
chemistry——thermochemistry meter——thermometer
trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between Atlantic—transatlantic plant—transplant tri-: three; three times angular—triangular cycle—tricycle
ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern—ultramodern sound—ultrasound un-: not
certain—uncertain fortunate—unfortunate under-: too little; below develop—underdevelop sea—undersea uni-: one, singer form—uniform
directional—unidirectional vice-: next in the rank; below chairman—vice-chairman president—vice-president 2.常考后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability，-ibility able—ability
flexible—flexibility -age
post—postage short—shortage -al
arrive—arrival refuse—refusal -an，-ian，-arian library—librarian music—musician
-ance，-ence
appear—appearance refer—reference -ancy，-ency
emerge—emergency expect—expectancy -ant，-ent
apply—applicant
correspond—correspondent -cy
accurate—accuratcy private—privacy -dom
king—kingdom free—freedom -ee
employ—employee interview—interviewee -er，-or，-ar paint—painter beg—beggar -ery
brave—bravery slave—slavery -ese
China—Chinaese Japan—Japanese -ess
actor—actress waiter—waitress -ful
hand—handful spoon—spoonful -hood
child—childhood man—manhood -ics
electron—electronics linguist—linguistics -ion，-ition，-ation collect—collection observe—observation -ism
Marx—Marxism socialist—socialism -ist
psychiatry—psychiatrist violin—violinist -ity，-ty
cruel—cruelty pure—purity -ment
move—movement retire——retirement -ness
dark——darkness happy——happiness -ology
climate——climatology future——futurology -ship
friend——friendship scholar——scholarship -sion，-ssion
decide——decision expand——expansion -th
grow——growth wide——width -ure
close——closure expose——exposure (2)动词前缀 -en
deep——deepen fast——fasten -ify
class——classify simple——simplify -ize，-ise
modern——modernize / modernize popular——popularize / popularize (3)形容词后缀 -able，-ible
suit——suitable
question——questionable nature——natural structure——structural -an，-arian，-ian suburb——suburban Canada——Canadian -ant，-ent
differ——different please——pleasant -ary，-ory
advise——advisory custom——customary -ate
consider——considerate fortune——fortunate -en
gold——golden wood——wooden -ese
China——Chinese Japan——Japanese -free
care——carefree duty——duty-free -ful
care——careful pain——painful -ic，-ical
atom——atomic
psychology——psychological -ish
girl——girlish child——childish -ive
create——creative support——supportive -less
hope——hopeless pain——painless -like
child——childlike lady——ladylike -ly
man——manly month——monthly -ous，-ious
danger——dangerous poison——poisonous -some
tire——tiresome
trouble——troublesome -ward
down——downward up——upward -y
guilt-guilty noise-noisy (4)副词后缀 -ly
easy-easily heavy-heavily -ward，-wards
east-eastward(s) north-northward(s) -wise
clock-clockwise
