词汇记忆之词缀法

词汇记忆之词缀法

2009-03-28 09:08:14| 分类： 英语词汇 | 标签： |字号大中小 订阅 英语的词汇构成和汉语有异曲同工之妙，一般说来，一个较长的单词是由 ////前缀+词根+后缀 ////构成的，词根一般是比较简单的单词，因此要快速的扩充词汇就要记住英语中重要前缀的含义，在此基础上可以使自己的词汇量快速扩展，并且对于阅读理解中猜测单词的含义非常重要，下面列出了英语中的常用前缀，以及由他们构成的单词举例，在我的单词课上我认为他们非常有用，现在和大家分享。

1、常考前缀

aero-：concerning the air of aircraft

concerning英音：[kən'sɝnɪŋ]美音：[kən'sə:niŋ]

词典解释

concerning

介词 prep. 1. 关于

aircraft英音：['ɛr,kræft]美音：['ɛəkrɑ:ft]

词典解释

aircraft

名词 n.

1. 航空器;飞机,飞艇[M]

plane—aeroplane

plane英音：[plen]美音：[plein]

词典解释

plane1

名词 n.[C] 1. 平面

2. 程度;水平;阶段;级 3. 【口】飞机

aeroplane英音：['ɛrə,plen]美音：['ɛərəplein]

词典解释

aeroplane

名词 n.

1. 【英】飞机[C]

space—aerospace

space英音：[spes]美音：[speis]

词典解释

space

名词 n. 1. 空间[U]

2. 宇宙,太空,外层空间[U][E]

3. 场所,空地;【建】生活空间;房间[C][U]

aerospace英音：['ɛrə,spes]美音：['ɛərə,speis]

词典解释

aerospace

名词 n.

1. 航空与航天空间(指地球大气层及其外面的空间) 2. 航空航天学

anti-：against；opposite of

against英音：[ə'gɛnst]美音：[ə'genst]

词典解释

against

介词 prep. 1. 反对;违反 2. 逆;对着 3. 倚;靠

opposite英音：['ɑpəzɪt]美音：['ɔpəzit]

词典解释

opposite

形容词 a.

1. 相反的,对立的[(+to)] 2. 对面的,相对的[(+to)]

nuclear—antinuclear

nuclear英音：['nju:kliə]美音：['njuklɪɚ]

形容词 a. 1.

核心的,中心的

2.

原子核的;原子能的;原子弹的

They are planning a new nuclear power plant. 他们正在策划一座新的核电厂。 He studies nuclear physics. 他研究原子物理。 3.

细胞核的

antinuclear英音：['ænti'nju:kliə]美音：[,æntɪ'njuklɪɚ]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

形容词 a.

1.

反对核子武器的;反核的;反对使用核能的

matter—antimatter

matter英音：['mætə]美音：['mætɚ]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

名词 n. 1.

事情;问题;事件[C]

It was a matter of life and death for them. 这事对他们来说是生死攸关。 2.

麻烦事,毛病[the S][(+with)]

There's something the matter with this car. 这辆汽车有点毛病。 3. 物质[U]

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas. 物质以三种形态存在,即固态、液态和气态。 4.

(文章等的)素材,内容;主题[the S] 5.

事态;情势[P]

Matters are different from country to country. 情形因国家而异。 6.

重要性[U]

不及物动词 vi.

1.

(常用于否定句和疑问句)有关系,要紧 All these things do not matter now. 所有这一切现在都无关紧要了。 2.

【医】化脓

antimatter英音：[,ænti'mætə]美音：[,æntɪ'mætɚ]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

名词 n. 1.

【物】反物质

以下结果来自互联网网络释义

1. 反物质

英语新词汇与常用词汇的翻译(A4)a _ ... antimatter 反物质

war—antiwar

war英音：[wɔ:]美音：[wɔr]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

war 名词 n. 1.

战争[U][C]

2.

斗争;竞赛;对抗,冲突[C][U]

The mayor is confident the war against crime will be won. 确信对犯罪活动的斗争必定胜利。 3.

军事;战术,兵法[U]

不及物动词 vi. 1.

战争,打仗

The neighboring nations warred upon one another for over a decade. 这几个邻国互相打了十多年仗。 2.

斗争;对抗

antiwar英音：['ænti'wɔ:]美音：[,æntɪ'wɔr]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

形容词 a. 1. 反战的

auto-：of or by oneself biography—autobiography

biography英音：[bai'ɔgrəfi]美音：[baɪ'ɑgrəfɪ]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

名词 n. 1. 传记[C]

I have read a biography of Abraham Lincoln. 我读过一部亚伯拉罕·林肯的传记。 2.

传记文学[U]

3.

(某种生物、建筑、货币等的)发展演变史,兴衰史[C]

autobiography英音：[,ɔ:təbai'ɔgrəfi]美音：[,ɔtəbaɪ'ɑgrəfɪ]

以下结果由

译典通提供词典解释

名词 n. 1. 自传[C]

I enjoy reading Mark Twain's autobiography. 我喜欢读马克·吐温的自传。

2.

自传的写作;自传文学[U]

Autobiography is often less truthful than biography.

criticism—autocriticism be-：to treat as the stated thing

friend—befriend little—belittle

bi-：two；twice；double

lingual—bilingual cycle—bicycle

bio-：concerning living things

chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere by-，bye-：less important produce—by-produce

way—byway centi-：hundredth part grade—centigrade meter—centimeter co-：together，with author—coauthor exist—coexist

col-：( used before l ) together，with

location—collocation

com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with

passion—compassion con-：together，with centric—concentric federation—confederation contra-：opposite diction—contradiction natural—contranatural

cor-：( used before r ) together，with

relate—correlate respond—correspond counter-：opposite act—counteract attack—counterattack

cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them

country—crosscountry breed—crossbreed

de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce

code—decode value—devalue dis-：not；the opposite of advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree honest—dishonest

em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become

body—embody power—empower

en-：to cause to become；to make

danger—endanger large—enlarge

ex-：former ( and still living )

minister—ex-minister wife—ex-wife extra-：outside；beyond curricular—extracurricular ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front

arm—forearm warn—forewarn il-：( used before l ) not

legal—illegal literate—illiterate

im-：( used before b，m，p ) not

moral—immoral possible—impossible

in-：not direct—indirect sensitive—insensitive

infra-：below in a range；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure inter-：between；among change——interchange national——international intra-：inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department ir-：（used before r）not

regular——irregular responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：thousand gram——kilogram meter——kilometer

macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than

particular parts of

economics——macroeconomics structure——macrostructure mal-：bad or badly function——malfunction

treat——maltreat micro-：extremely small

computer——microcomputer electronics——microelectronics

mid-：middle day——midday night——midnight mini-：small；short bus——minibus skirt——miniskirt

mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly

fortune——misfortune understand——misunderstand mono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotone multi-：more than one；many

purpose——multipurpose national——multinational

non-：not

resident——non(-)resident sense——nonsense out-：outside；beyond

live——outlive door——outdoor

over-：too much；above；additional

head——overhead time——overtime poly-：many

centric——polycentric syllabic——polysyllabic post-：later than；after graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar pre-：before；in advance

pay——prepay war——prewar

pro-：in favor of，supporting America——pro-America abortion——pro-abortion re-：again；back to the former state

unite——reunite use——reuse

self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in

oneself or itself

employed——self-employed taught——self-taught semi-：half；partly circle——semicircle final——semifinal

step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried

mother——stepmother children——stepchildren

sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger

whole

divide——subdivide section——subsection

super-：more，larger，greater than usual

market——supermarket natural——supernatural

tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television

communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between

Atlantic—transatlantic plant—transplant tri-: three; three times angular—triangular cycle—tricycle

ultra-: beyond; very, extremely

modern—ultramodern sound—ultrasound un-: not

certain—uncertain fortunate—unfortunate under-: too little; below develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea uni-: one, singer form—uniform

directional—unidirectional vice-: next in the rank; below

chairman—vice-chairman president—vice-president

2.常考后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability，-ibility able—ability flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival refuse—refusal -an，-ian，-arian library—librarian

music—musician -ance，-ence appear—appearance refer—reference -ancy，-ency emerge—emergency expect—expectancy -ant，-ent apply—applicant

correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuratcy private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee interview—interviewee -er，-or，-ar paint—painter beg—beggar -ery

brave—bravery slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful spoon—spoonful

-hood

child—childhood man—manhood

-ics

electron—electronics linguist—linguistics -ion，-ition，-ation collect—collection observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism socialist—socialism

-ist

psychiatry—psychiatrist

violin—violinist

-ity，-ty cruel—cruelty pure—purity -ment

move—movement retire——retirement

-ness

dark——darkness happy——happiness

-ology

climate——climatology future——futurology

-ship

friend——friendship scholar——scholarship -sion，-ssion decide——decision expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth wide——width

-ure

close——closure expose——exposure (2)动词前缀

-en

deep——deepen fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify simple——simplify

-ize，-ise

modern——modernize / modernize popular——popularize / popularize

(3)形容词后缀 -able，-ible suit——suitable question——questionable

nature——natural structure——structural -an，-arian，-ian suburb——suburban Canada——Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ——different please——pleasant -ary，-ory

advise——advisory custom——customary

-ate

consider——considerate fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful pain——painful -ic，-ical atom——atomic

psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish child——childish

-ive

create——creative support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless pain——painless

-like

child——childlike lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly month——monthly -ous，-ious

danger——dangerous poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downward up——upward

-y

guilt-guilty noise-noisy

(4)副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily heavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward(s) north-northward(s)

-wise

clock-clockwise