Joint Chinese - German Technical Project
“Technical solutions for the sustainable water supply of Beijing
from the Yongding River Basin\"
官厅水库流域水生态环境问题及总体修复方案
Water Environment Problem and Integrated Restore Strategy
for Guanting Reservoir and Yongding River Basin
北京市水务局 刘培斌教授
1. 流域概况及存在的水生态环境问题
流域概况 Situation of GR basin
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官厅水库坝址以上流域面积43402km2，地跨内蒙、山西、河北及北京，水库总库容41.6亿m3The basin area upstream Guanting dam is 43402km2 and it goes across Provinces of Inner Mon-golia, Shanxi , Hebei and Beijing. The total capacity of Guanting reservoir is 4.16 billion m3.
流域水生态环境问题 The ecological environment problems in GR basin
随着上游地区社会经济的发展，官厅水库流域水生态环境逐年恶化。 (1) 入库水量逐年减少 (2)上游地区污染排放增加 (3) 库岸淘刷，塌岸严重 (4) 底泥淤积，内源污染
1997年因水污染被迫退出饮用水供水系统。
针对北京水资源紧缺形势，提出“稳定密云、挽救官厅，恢复官厅水库饮用水源地功能”的治理目标。北京市水务局为此组织开展了大量的调查和科学研究，经过众多专家和技术人员两年的联合攻关，完成20多项专题研究，提出了官厅水库流域总体治理方案。研究主要成果如下：With the development of the society and economy upstream of Guanting dam, the water ecological environment deteriorates year by year.
The income water quantity decreases year by year;
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The pollution upstream increases
Bank erosion and collapsing situation is severely
The bottom sediment accumulates much and the inner pollution is heavy
In 1997 the Guanting reservoir lost its function of the drinkable water supplying
The severe situation of Guanting causes the high concern of the State Council, and it is de-manded that Guanting reservoir should renew its water supply function a.s.a.p. According to the “Plan” approved by State Council, BWA organized the investigation, research and experiment, and finally brought out the general renew plan.
Through many experts two years studying, we completed more than 20 special research topics and get the following results:
水生态环境研究结果 Water ecological environment investigation result
(1) 查清了官厅水库污染来源、污染物分布和贡献率
The pollution sources, distribution and contribution investigate
水库主要污染物质是氨氮、COD和总磷。
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①官厅
②年入库污水总量为9328万m。其中永定河入库8600万m ，妫水河入库540万m ，库区周边188万m 。
③山峡区年污水排放506万m。
④官厅水库污染物贡献率分布点源65-70%、面源20-30%、内源（底泥）5-10%。
9 The main pollutant in GR is NH3-N, COD and TP
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9 The sewage water quantity into the GR is 93.28 million m, among which Yongdinghe is 86
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million m, Guishuihe is 5.4 million m and nearby GR is 1.88 million m.
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9 The sewage water in the Yongding valley downstream of GR is about 5.06 million m.
9 The point pollution is 65-70%, non-point pollution is 20-30% and the inner pollution (bottom sediment) is 5-10%.
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(2) 开展了污染控制技术措施研究The pollution control technologies and measurements study 开展人工湿地、生态护岸、底泥污染释放、微污染水源深度净化、自然能曝气充氧等多项技术研究。获取了超百万组数据，取得多个单项和综合技术成果。
We made experiment of constructed wetland, biological way to protect the bank, sediment releas-ing, light polluted water purification, using natural energy to aeration, etc. We have got more than one million sets of data and got several special and comprehensive technologies.
2. 总体修复方案 The integrated renew plan
治理原则 Treatment principle
治理方案依据流域上、中、下游相结合，点、线、面相结合，软硬件相结合和源头控制的原则，借鉴国内外类似工程经验，综合考虑物理、化学和生物生态等方法。
According to the principle of the following: combined together of upstream, middle stream and downstream of the catchment, software and hardware combined together and source control, refer to the foreign experience, and combine the physical, chemical and biological methods we bring out the general plan.
方案分区 Different area of the plan
方案分两大区域：官厅入库口上游永定河流域、库区周边及下游北京区域。
The plan can be separated into two big areas: upstream of GR, around and downstream of GR
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（1）官厅入库口上游永定河流域 General renew plan upstream of GR重点针对洋河，采取污
水处理厂、生态湿地、渗滤净化系统、灌区节水等措施。
We focus on Yang River, take measures of WWTP, wetland filtration and water saving in irrigation area,etc
（2）库区周边及下游北京区域General renew plan around and downstream of GR
对库区及下游永定河（即北京市辖区）：分官厅库区、河道、三家店库区三个关键环节，综合
采取多种措施，开展水体修复工程建设。主要生态和工程措施有：
第一环节：官厅水库库区
①生态湿地：建设黑土洼、八号桥及野鸭湖3处湿地。削减入库污染。
②库滨带生态防护：水库塌岸生态治理190km ，479m高程以下禁农，防止水土流失，减轻面源污染。
③污水处理：建设库区周边污水处理厂8处；企业污废水达标排放。
④妫水河流域生态环境建设：建设二级保护区水源涵养林190km2；水库周边退耕还林；治理水土流失300km2。⑤水库底泥污染控制：可考虑采用底泥污染阻断及环保清淤等综合技术，控制水库底泥污染释放。
⑥白河堡灌区节水灌溉工程：实现年节水1270万方。第一环节工程实施目标：实现污水达标排放，增加入库水量；妫水河库区水质可达II类，永定河库区水质可达IV类，出库水质为IV类。
第二环节 永定河山峡区河道
①渗滤系统：利用河道落差建设渗滤净化系统。 ②天然曝气段：强化天然曝气，提高河道水体净化能力
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③生态修复：生态修复山峡河道，建设绿色走廊。
④小型污水深度处理设施：建设7处污水深度处理工程，控制入河污染。 ⑤水土保持：山峡区建设130km2水土保持工程。 第二环节工程实施目标：控制入河污染，提高河道自净能力 第三环节 三家店库区
①水库生态清淤：三家店库区清淤60万方，增加库容，消除底泥污染释放。 ②入库区生态修复：保留自然湿地，种植挺水植物，生态修复入库水体。
③渗滤净化系统：利用回灌渗滤技术，进一步提高水质，为自来水厂供水。 上述三个环节的综合措施实施后，三家店出库区水质可控制在III类标准。
For around and downstream of GR, There are altogether three treatment steps: Around GR, in the Yongding Valley and around Sanjiadian reservoir. We take comprehensive technologies. The main ecological and engineer measures are as following:
The first treatment step: around GR
①Wetland: Heituwa, Bridge 8 and Yeyahu three places. To reduce the income pollution.
②Eco-zone protection:Treat the 190km bank collapse, below elevation of 479m farming forbid-den, treat the soil erosion and reduce the non-point pollution.
③Sewage water treatment. There will be 8 WWTPs. The effluent from the enterprise nearby should meet the standard demand.
④The ecological environment construction in Guishuihe basin: construct water keeping forestry 190km2 in the secondary protection area; around the GR the farmland should be planted as forestry; the total soil erosion treatment area is 300km2.
⑤Contaminated bottom sediment control: we can choose sediment inactive method and sediment environment dredging method to control the pollution of bottom sediment
⑥The irrigation project in Baihebu irrigation area, to save water 12.7 million m3 per year.
The aim of the first treatment step:
①The discharge sewage water can meet the standard and can increase the reservoir water quan-tity.
②The water quality in Guishuihe part can reach class II, the Yongdinghe part can reach class IV, and the reservoir effluent water quality can reach class IV.
The second treatment step: in Yongding valley
①Filtration system: use the riverbed elevation difference to build filtration system.；
②Natural aeration section: enhance the natural aeration and improve the river self-purification capacity.
③Renew in an ecological way: renew the riverbed in the Valley and construct the green corridor. ④Small scale advanced WWTP: There will be 7 small scale advanced WWTPs to control the pol-lution into the river.
⑤Soil erosion conservation: construct 130km2 soil erosion conservation area.
The aim of the second treatment step: Control the pollution into the river and increase the riverbed self purification capacity.
The third treatment step: around Sanjiadian reservoir
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①Bottom sediment ecological dredging: dredge 0.6 million m3 bottom sediment to increase the reservoir capacity and reduce the releasing of contaminated sediment
②Ecological renew in the reservoir inlet mouth: Keep the natural wetland and plant emerging plant to renew the water with ecological method
③Soil filtration system: using the natural soil after the Sanjiadian barrage to further treating the water quality and supply water for the water supply plant.
After the operation of the above three treatment steps, the water quality in the Sanjiadian reser-voir can meet the demand of class III.
3. 总体修复方案的实施情况 The executive situation of the general renew plan
（1）水库上游河北、山西两省完成部分污水处理厂建设及部分节水灌溉。 （2）北京已完成黑土洼湿地系统建设。
（3）完成三家店水库清淤及永定河生态治理工程。 （4）完成延庆县、官厅水库管理处等污水处理厂建设。
（5）开展延庆和门头沟水土保持工程，完成了白河堡灌区节水改造15万亩。 （6）正实施山峡区污水处理及官厅水库塌岸生态治理。
自2004年3月至今，三家店水库水体基本维持在3类水体，初步实现《规划》的阶段目标。 （1）In Shanxi, Hebei the upstream of GR, there are several WWTPs and some water saving ir-rigation projects have been built.
（2）Heituwa wetland construction has been finished.
（3）Bottom sediment dredging of Sanjiadian Reservoir and the project of ecological treatment to Yongdinghe have been finished.
（4）The WWTPs in Yanqing and Guanting Administrative Office have been constructed.
（5）The soil conservation projects in Yanqing and Mentougou have been finished. The 150000 mu Baihebu irrigation area for water saving has been finished.
（6）Now the WWTPs in Yongding valley and the bank protection around GR are being built.
Since March 2004, the Sanjiadian water quality has been kept in class 3, and the aim of the “Plan” has been fulfilled.
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