您好,欢迎来到华佗小知识。
搜索
您的当前位置:首页清华大学硕士研究生英语课堂资料整理

清华大学硕士研究生英语课堂资料整理

来源:华佗小知识
Ⅰ.单词和短语:

1. mania n. 癖好, 狂热 2. Oops! 感叹词:惊讶 3. prime time “黄金时段”

4. shock jock 惊人杂谈节目主持人 5. snail mail 传统的邮递

6. epidemic adj. 流行的,传染的 n. 时疫,疾病流行,流行病

7. HIV: Abbr. human immunodeficiency virus 人体免疫缺损病毒,艾滋病病毒

8. AIDS: abbr. Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病,获得性免疫功能丧失综合症 9. alarming adj. 使人惊动的,令人担忧的 10. intravenous adj. 静脉内的 11. complacent adj. 自满的,得意的

12. vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的,易受…的攻击 13. condom n. 避孕套 14. initiative n. 主动权,主动 15. a philosophy of life 人生观

16. * Mr. Sally is always spouting his philosophy of life. 17. Confucius 孔子

18. * Confucian doctrine exerted a profound influence on later ages, so Confucius is addressed

respectfully as a saint. 19. celebrity 名人,明星

20. Lots of celebrities were at the film premiere. 21. autograph(名人的)亲笔签名

22. I have got lots of famous footballers’ autographs. 23. charity event / concert 为慈善事业筹款的活动 / 音乐会

24. * These homeless children received some money and clothes from some charities.

25. Fed up 受够了 26. Globalization 全球化

27. give it a go=give it a try 试一试,试一把 28. be quick on the uptake 理解很快

29. You will have to be patient with our grandpa. He’s not very quick on the uptake. 30. abolish vt. 取消;废除;废止;革除

31. transform vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形vi.改变, 转化, 变换 32. instantly adv. 立刻地,即刻地 33. imitate vt. 模仿,仿效 v. 模仿 34. violence n. 暴力,暴虐,暴行 35. entertaining adj. 愉快的,有趣的 36. solution n. 解决办法,解决方案 37. Infrastructure 基础设施

38. brick-and-mortar:实实在在存在的,实体的;具体的;(公司等)有厂房和店铺的 39. Crack up (使)捧腹大笑

40. Everyone in the class just cracked up. 41. Prank 玩笑,恶作剧

42. Weirdo (行为、衣着等)怪异的人 43. polo shirts开领短袖衬衫 44. khaki pants 土黄色,卡其黄 45. ghostbuster驱鬼者

46. High Five,是美国文化手势的一种,并没有正式的中文名称,一般代表了“庆祝成功的

击掌”有时也写成“Give me five”。这个手势用于两人之间,动作是两人各高举一只手,并向对方的手拍击。

47. Cop ,cop car 警车,cop shop 警局 48. absence n. = 缺席、不在

49. tough adj. = 棘手的 50. employee n. = 雇员、员工

51. take its toll = 使…遭受损害、使…丧失 52. public sector = 资助(或控制)的企事业 53. organisational change = 组织变动 54. job security = 工作安全感、职业保障;

55. redundancy [n.] = (因劳动力过剩而造成的) 裁员, 解雇 56. strategy [n.] = 策略、对策 57. counseling [n.] = 咨询服务 58. to blame = 应受责备

59. civil servant = ()文职人员;公务员 60.

Ⅱ.必背句子:

1. Rome Wasn't Built in a Day,罗马不是一天建成的。

2. *Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—,I took the one less traveled by,And that has

made all the difference. ——选自A Poem (The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost)。 3. I like your sense of humor. 我喜欢你的幽默感。

4. He is used to eating out all the time. 他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。

5. *Finding the very best employees, however, often reminds you of the old “needle in a

haystack” saying.

6. *Life is all about listening to your heart and chasing your dreams.

7. *For the first nine years of their marriage, she declined almost all media interviews. 8. be a household name---be very well known 家喻户晓,十分出名 9. *Coca Cola is a household name around the world. 10. from scratch 从零开始,从头开始,白手起家

11. *It's completely ruined, so we’ll have to start from scratch. 12. They are living on welfare now.

13. France's president, Nicolas Sarkozy, is facing an unprecedented crisis as a poll showed

that fewer than 28% of voters had confidence in his leadership, and deputies in his own UMP party launched a revolt against his tax policies, a pillar of his administration. 14. We live in an age of transparency and public figures are fast getting used to it.

15. Is energy our friend or our enemy? In their personal lives, most people regard energy as

an essential friend. It powers our computers, warms our homes in the winter, fuels our cars and planes, and provides a necessary input to produce virtually everything we use. Modern life would be inconceivable without the friendly side of energy. 16. Mergers and acquisitions in the car business have a terrible record.

17. Rowling has led a \"rags to riches\" life story, in which she progressed from living on

welfare to multi-millionaire status within five years. from rags to riches从赤贫到暴富 18. The Superjet is meant to restore at least some of the prestige声誉that Russian

engineering had lost after the Soviet collapse.

19. In 2010, he was arrested twice, once on a charge of driving while intoxicated喝醉的,

and later on a charge of driving under the influence of prescription medication药物. 20. They had been in a custody battle over their four children, who range in age from 11 to

17.

21. There’s rarely any middle ground中间立场on the topic of life in space.

22. In the past ten years, the Internet has become the most powerful communications

medium ever invented, surpassing radio, television and the telephone in its potential for mass communication.

23. Donna tooted吹喇叭(或号角等);发出嘟嘟声the horn at a parked car blocking her path. 24. Perhaps not surprisingly, most experts say the charismatic leader's death represents a

symbolic blow to all extremists who looked up to him — and presents surviving al-Qaeda officials in the Afghan-Pakistan region with a real challenge regarding how they'll operate in his absence.

25. Both Gateses guard their privacy closely, barring reporters from their plane and their

home in Seattle.

26. With the exception of household names, most people in the creative arts need a day job

to make ends meet.

27.

Ⅲ.日常用语:

1. I’m happy to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 2. I like your sense of humor. 我喜欢你的幽默感。 3. I’ll call you. 我会打电话给你。

4. How was your weekend ? 你周末过得怎么样?

5. He is used to eating out all the time. 他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。 6. How long have you been here? 你在这里多久了? 7. How about going out for dinner? 出去吃晚餐如何? 8. Is it okay to smoke in the office? 在办公室里抽烟可以吗?

9. There is a TV show about AIDS on right now. 电视正在播放一个关于爱滋病的节目。 10. What do you think of this magazine? 你对这本杂志看法如何? 11. How do you like Hong Kong? 你喜欢吗? 12. What is your plan? 你的计划是什么?

13. It’s not as cold / hot as it was yesterday. 今天不想昨天那么冷/热。 14. Would you help me with the report? 你愿意帮我写报告吗? 15. We are all in favor of this plan. 我们都赞同这项计划。

16. How should I tell him the bad news? 我该如何告诉他这个坏消息? 17. How much money did you make? 你赚了多少钱? 18. How much does it cost to go abroad? 出国要多少钱?

19. I’m sorry that you didn’t get the job. 很遗憾,你没有得到那份工作。 20. Would you like to leave a message? 你要留话吗? 21.

Ⅳ.学习方法:

一、关于英语学习的读写听说

打好语言基本功须多阅读和视听,读、听是语言输入,是语言产出(写说)前的必要积累,接触的材料面越宽,语言运用的时候就越轻松自如。 1.读写

阅读除了大量泛读,还要精读、细读,所读材料要有难度,有较复杂的句式结构和深刻的思想内容,不要嫌慢,要耐心。阅读后要适当练笔,可先写读过的文章、故事的概述,以后可写所感所想,也可以写信、记日记、上网用英文聊天等。(可以写读后感,把老师当作第一个读者,有了读者的写作会更加有趣。) 2. 听

听力也有精、泛之分。精听材料要有一定难度,比如能听懂70%左右的东西,可通过听写、记笔记方式弄懂那30%的内容。听三遍后实在不懂的地方可看原文,然后再听,听懂为止。泛听材料应基本能听懂,比如懂80%以上,但量要大收效才会好。 3.说

要能定期定时朗读,比如每周朗读三四次,每次四十分钟。内容以语言流畅易懂为宜,最好使用听力材料,先根据听力标记轻重音、连读、失爆,模仿读,近似以后自己朗读。这有利于口语水平的迅速提高。

此外,背诵一些好的文章段落是必要的,比如新概念二、三册上的短文就不错,也可以是阅读中遇见的能打动你的段落篇章。每周要背两次以上,不在于多,在于勤。也不必担心所背内容日后忘了,因为朗读背诵就是个训练语感、培养能力的过程,是个积累的过程,具体文字内容只是语言能力的外在体现。

阅读内容:

书籍:世界名著、人物传记英文简写本适合泛读,比如《黑郁金香》、《爱国者》、《托

马斯爱迪生》、《居里夫人》等等,两个星期至少要读一本,最好一周一本。此类书在清华图书馆一楼文科类H.语言和文字架上可借到。大致相同位置的二楼是英文原版书,有难有易,需要根据自己的能力和兴趣挑选。 也可以读一些类似《欧洲文化入门》、《英美国家概况》的书,丰富西方文化背景

知识。此类书各大书店有售,本校图书馆也有。 杂志:《英语学习》、《英语世界》。前者内容较为丰富,难易均有,包括散文、电影和

人物介绍;后者所选文较难,一般是英汉对照。

报纸:China Daily Shanghai Star 浏览新闻,寻找感兴趣栏目阅读,注意作笔记,积

累常用语。每周看一份即可。 网络:选择自己感兴的领域,比如科学探索、财经分析、法律法规、体育新闻、社会时事,

或者与自己将来专业相关的前沿研究。 http://www.time.com, http://www.nytimes.com,

听说材料:

杂志:《疯狂英语》等是有声读物,可根据自己水平高低,先听后读或先读后听。 教材:《走遍美国》、《展望未来》

广播:VOA, BBC, 可作泛听,亦可录下精听,校园调频台。(中关村图书大厦有录制好的光

盘,带书面内容) 电视:CNN (书店有录制好的光盘,带书面内容)

电影:英文电影,要英文原声的,带英文字幕。书店有售,可去海淀图书大厦的音像书架

选购。

http://www.ted.com, http://www.wwenglish.com,

在以上学习过程中要做读书、听力笔记,记生词和好的表达方式。若要短期内提高词汇量还需用词汇表强记。笔记和词汇表中的词均须定期复习,开始频率高,比如一周复习四次,以后一周一次,半个月一次,直至记住。每次复习可将未记住的词抄下来集中背诵,如此重复,使词汇表或笔记上的内容越来越少,提高复习效率。当然也可同时采用构词法和词义相关法进行记忆,如 构词法

1) smog = smoke + fog, motel = motor + hotel, brunch = breakfast + lunch 2) decapitate,devalue, defrost, dewater, dehydrate, defame 词义相关

3) Plant: tree, vegetables, flowers; tree: pine, willow, oak; sound: clink,

crack, sizzle, hiss, pop, splash, tick, rustle。

以上提及的不论是听说,还是读写,都需要集中时间精力,强化学习才能收到良好效果,需要耐心。从我的经验看,拖长学习周期,低强度训练(比如一周一两次,每次半小时,学几年),基本收不到多少效果。 我的建议是半年之内,每周学三次,每次两小时,或每天一小时。这样可以登上一个较高水平的台阶,即使以后不学也不会轻易退化。此后,根据自己兴趣和专业需要适当应用就可以了,而把主要时间精力转向专业或其他课程学习。

听力水平提高的规律

1. 要保证长期的每天的一个练习量 2. 听力的提高是平台阶梯式 听力提高的方法分为精听和泛听 精听

精听一个重要的练习方法是听写(Dictation)。 用来练听写的材料应该是一个人的陈述、讲座之类的(Lecture)。听写材料的长度应该是一分钟左右的。千万不能用太长的。听写的步骤: 第一步总听全文。一是明确主题,大概知道这个段落讲了什么事。二是寻找逻辑。第二步细听每句。是sentence by sentence的听写,不是word by word的听写。第三步反复、琢磨。A. 反复一遍后,句子的意思全理解了,这时候就别试图把这句话一字不漏地写下来了。只要用记忆和总结把这句话的核心大意写下来就行了。B.反复了几遍之后发现大多数内容都听明白了,但里面的个别词没听出来。这些个别词可能是生词,也有可能是发音或音变导致我们没听出来。这时需要用你熟悉的音标,汉字或其它标音方式,把你听到的声音记录下来,进行对比。C.听了三五遍,发现整个句子还是不知所云。这种情况的就是多种因素作用的结果了。可能里面有生词,有音变,还有可能是句型结构不熟悉不理解。琢磨没听出来的原因,是因为我不认识这个单词,还是因为觉得发生了音变现象,还是因为我对这个词或短语的声音不熟悉,反应慢。第四步总结全文。再去听一遍原文。再看着听力原文在心里默默地把这篇文章读一遍。采取策略。如果因为是单词不认识,我就多记两遍。如果是因为发音问题,我就多跟读两遍。如果是因为句型句式不熟悉,我就把这个句子单独提出来分析一下,然后用这个句型再造两个句子。

泛听,做到“每天”和“只要有空”。 能充分利用零散时间的人,才是最有可能成功的人。 教材的好坏差异,并没有我们想象的那么大。如果任何一本正规出版社出的正规英语教材,你把它认真研究通研究透,你的水平早就提高了。一、材料的语速最好比你习惯或考试的速度快一些。二、材料的难度最好比你的水平高一些,比考试材料也难一些。三、一定要把音量调到比自己听着舒服的声音还小一点的声音来练英语听力。

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容

Copyright © 2019- huatuo0.cn 版权所有 湘ICP备2023017654号-2

违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 18 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com

本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务