个性化教学辅导教案 高考英语语法专题：介词与介词短语 (含答案)

学生姓名 上课时间 课 题 年 级 年 月 日 介词与介词短语 1. 掌握介词及介词短语的固定搭配点； 学 科 英语 教师姓名 教学目标 2.掌握介词在语法填空与短文改错中的考。 教学过程 教师活动 学生活动

【词汇串烧】 A Horrible Earthquake Dirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. But no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tracks became useless bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out smelly steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere. The next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victim’s extreme suffering. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”. So they not only expressed their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The frightened survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimized. 可怕的地震 地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是却没人判断出地震即将来临。霎那间，一切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的砖房和许多水坝遭到破坏；铁路轨道都变成无用的铁条；煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽；到处都有骑车的人被巨大的裂缝陷住。 第二天，所有报纸都纷纷以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你还活着。”来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者被从废墟中挖出来了，栖身处、净水和电力也很快得到提供。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失被减到了最小。 【词汇点拨】 2

earthquake right away well pipe burst n. 地震 立刻；马上 n. 井 n. 管；导管 vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n.爆发 n. 事件；大事 仿佛；好像 结束；终结 n. 民族；国家；国民 n. 运河；水道 n. 蒸汽；水汽 n. 污垢；泥土 n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产 n. 苦难；痛苦 adj. 极度的 vt. 损害；伤害 vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 event as if at an end nation canal steam dirt ruin suffering extreme injure destroy brick dam track n. 砖；砖块 n. 水坝；堰堤 n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹 vt. & vi. （使）震惊；震动n. 休克；打击 n. & vt. 援救；营救 3

shock rescue

trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境 n. 电；电流；电学 n. 灾难；灾祸 vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 n. 标题；头衔；资格 n. 记者 n. 条；棒；条状物 n. & vt. 损失；损害 vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的 adj. 令人恐惧的 n. 祝贺；（复数）贺词 n. 裁判员；法官vt. 断定；判断；判决 adv. 真诚地；真挚地 vt. 表示；表达n. 快车；速递 electricity disaster bury title reporter bar damage frighten frightened frightening congratulation judge sincerely express 【考点精练】 一、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。 brick, electricity, organize, injure, judge, shake, rise, disaster, destroy，ruin, smelly, steam, honour, rescue, bury, dam, canal, burst, shock, prepare 1 He got _________ in the right leg while playing football last week. 2 When an earthquake comes people can feel the house _________. 4

3 If a nuclear war should break out, it would bring a great _________ to man. 4 Most of the buildings _________ in the earthquake. 5 From yesterday on, the temperature began to _________. 6 Never _________ a person only by his clothes. 7 Stones and _________ are used to build a house. 8 The clothes of those who smoke a lot are often __________. 9 Li Siguang is __________ as the father of geology in China. 10 Three Gorges (峡)_______on the Changjiang River is a great project in the world. 11 Reading the letter, she _________ out crying. 12 The students are busy __________ for the New Year’s Day Evening. 13 He was greatly _________ at the news of his uncle’s death. 14 Five soldiers were sent to _________ those skiers trapped in the snow. 15 _________ can be seen rising from the boiling kettle(水壶). 二、把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： right away at an end dig out a number of thousands of give out 1 __________ workers went on the strike(罢工), but I didn’t know the exact number. 2 Just wait for me on the spot; I will come ___________. 3 More than a dozen people ___________ of the avalanche(雪崩) alive. 4 When we arrived at the cinema, the film was nearly __________. 5 __________ people gathered on the square watching the fireworks. 5

Born ______［1］Peking, Yuan Longping graduated ______［2］ Southwest Agricultural College in China ______［3］1953, and ______［4］his graduation he has devoted himself ______［5］agricultural education and research. His pioneering research has helped rid China ______［6］hunger ______［7］three decades. In 1973, ______［8］cooperation with others, he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages ______［9］others and whose output would increase ______［10］20 percent than that of common ones. ______［11］ higher yields than previous varieties, Professor Yuan’s new crop, regarded ______［12］ the fifth invention ______［13］ China’s Four Major Inventions, has quickly improved China’s food supply. ______［14］ any hesitation, he shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists, so farmers in more than ten other countries______［15］ China have thus benefited ______［16］ his work, gaining access______［17］ his technology. ______［18］ return, he was awarded ______［19］ many international awards for his great achievements. In his spare time, Dr. Yuan loves playing the violin and listening to music. Every night, he reads ______［20］ half an hour ______［21］ various topics before he goes to sleep. But he cares for nothing more than his research and he goes to the fields twice a day ______［22］ motorbike, which has left a strong impression ______［23］ us. 1.介词的固定搭配不熟悉 2.表示同一类的介词辨析不到位 介词和介词短语 6

介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。 一、介词的句法功能 介词不能在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1、作定语：The book on the table is mine. 2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）； They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因） They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法） 3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag. 4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office. 二、主要介词区别 1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock 常用短语有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等 in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等 on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等 2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如： I hope to do morning exercises from today. We have not seen each other since 1995. 3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after7

短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如： We’ll be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. What shall we do after graduation? 注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如： After two months he returned. 4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如： Changchun is in the northeast of China. Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China. 5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in the newspaper. He dug a hole in the wall. 6、表示“穿过……”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe. The old man walked across the street. 7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如： The lamp stands in the corner of the room. I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table. 8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时8

间。不可单独使用。如： In the end they reached a place of safety. At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. 9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如： He came to tell me about something important. He wrote a book on science. 10、between, among：between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmates. 注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如： The little valley lies between high mountains.。 在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如： They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley. 11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了……还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。 12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如： He is writing a letter with a pen. He wrote the letter in pencil. We measured it in pounds. 9

13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如： Who is in charge of the project? The project is in the charge of an engineer.。 14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象……一样”解。如： Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。 15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在……前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思（在某物内）。如： There is a desk in front of the blackboard. The boy sat in the front of the car.。 16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如： I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。 一．在横线上填入正确的介词。 1. This is a common mistake students. 2. My father began to work a bus driver when he was twenty years old. 3. He will return three o'clock. 4. The teacher is busy teaching. 5. My father was disappointed the news. 6. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck the beauty of nature that he stayed another night. 10

7. I followed the man a while， and saw him enter into the bank. 8. The only reason a man would sell sale a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. 9. The new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds 10. The young man went home a happy heart． 二．介词单句改错。 （1） We must serve for the people heart and soul. （2） I followed the man for a while， and saw him enter into the bank. （3） Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim. （4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains. （5） In English class， we often talk each other in English. （6） Don‘t talk. What the man says is well worth listening. （7） The chair looks hard， but it is comfortable to sit. （8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us. （9） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday. （10） Are you glad to be going to back to school？ 1.介词在短文改错中的常见错误 1）词组中的介词误用 2）介词意思理解偏差 11

3）介词的多用或少用 ① There are too many people among my family. （among 改为in my family 为固定搭配） ② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ） 2.介词在语法填空中的考点 1)考查的重点主要是简单介词的基本用法，如after表示“在……之后”，behind表示“在……的背后”，as表示“作为……” 2)考查固定搭配中的介词，如reward sb for sth , at table, on sale 等 ①I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. ②But I didn’t care. A few hours before , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. 一．单句改错 （1） On his way to home， he met one of his old friends Jack. （2） Please close the door at next time you come in. （3） Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year. （4） We can finish the work either this week or in next week. （5） We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator. （6） We could not have heard them because the noise from the river. （7） Don‘t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy. （8） I‘ve read a lot books about animals. （9） He invited us to dinner， which was very kind for him. 12

（10） I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him. 二、语篇填空 Father’s Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day 1 ____children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman 2 _____the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3 ___the idea for Father’s Day while listening to a Mother’s Day sermon 4 _____1909.Having been raised 5 ____her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6 ___ her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was, 7 ___the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonora’s father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration 8 __ Spokane, Washington 9 ____the 19th of June, 1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10 ____ Father’s Day. Roses are the flowers for Father’s Day. 一．短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 13

Yesterday, I saw the old lady fall down when I was hurrying to school. I was about to help her up while suddenly a passer-by stop me, saying that I might be accused of knocking her down. Heard his words, I began to hesitate and slowed down my steps. At the same time, another student, that saw everything, went up to help. The old lady said nothing but lots of thank to the good boy. I felt ashamed. As is know to all, helping others is forever a good virtue. Even though some old people are becoming immorally, we can’t let it to disappear. I have made my mind to reach out my hand without hesitation next time. 二． 语法填空 Long long ago, there was a large mountainside, where 1 (rest)an eagle's nest with four large eagle eggs. One day 2 earthquake rocked the mountain, causing one of the eggs to roll down the mountain to a chicken farm 3 (locate) in the valley below. The chickens were kind enough 4 （care） for the eagle's egg, and an old hen volunteered to nurture (哺育) and raise the large egg. One day, the egg hatched and a beautiful eagle was born. Sadly, however, the eagle was raised to be a chicken. Soon, the eagle believed he was nothing more than a chicken. The eagle loved his present family, but his spirit cried out for more. While playing 5 the farm one day, the eagle happened to notice a group of mighty eagles soaring in the skies. \"Oh,\" the eagle cried, \"I wish I could soar like those birds.\" The chickens roared with laughter, “You cannot soar with those birds. You are a chicken and chickens do not soar.\" The eagle continued staring at his real family up above, 6 (dream) that he could be with them. Each time the eagle would let his dreams known, he 7 (tell) it couldn't be done. That is 8 the eagle learned to believe. The eagle, after time, stopped dreaming and continued to live like a chicken. 9 (Final), after a long life as a chicken, the eagle passed away. You become what you believe you are. So, if you ever dream of becoming an eagle, follow 10 dreams... not the words of a chicken. 14

介词与介词短语 参 一、1. injured 2.shaking 3.disaster 4.were ruined 5.rise 6.judge 7.bricks 8.smelly 9.honoured 10.dam 11.burst 12.preparing 13.shocked 14.rescue 15.steam 二、1.a number of 2. right away 3.were dug out 4.at an end 5.thousands of 1. in 地点介词，在某个城市、国家等范围较大的地点前用in，小地点，如station/airport/ corner等前面常用at。 2. 从某所学校毕业用graduated from。 3. in 在用于年、月前用in。 4. since“自……以后，从……以来”，表示某情况自过去某时间点或某个事件以来一直持续到现在，谓语动词通常使用完成时。 5. 介词to与动词devote构成词组 devote oneself to表示“某人致力于某事”。 6. 词组 rid sb. of表示“使某人摆脱”。 7. 介词within后面接一段时间，表示“不超过，在……的范围内”。 8. 固定搭配in cooperation with, 表示“与…合作”。 9. 固定搭配have advantages over，表示“比…有优势”。 10. by后接数量词，表示增加或减少的幅度。 11. with 表示“有”。 12. as表示 “作为”。 13. after 表示“在……之后”。 15

14. 词组without any hesitation表示“毫不犹豫地”。 15. besides表示 “除了……外，还”。 16. 词组benefit from表示“从……中受益”。 17. access后常接介词to 构成词组access to表示“可获得/利用某物或到达某地”。 18. 词组in return, 表示“反过来，作为报答”。 19. be awarded with表示“被授予”。 20. for表示某事持续了一段时间。 21. about关于；在……方面。 22. by乘(交通工具)。 23. leave a strong impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象。 一、 1..among 2.as 3.after 4.with 5.at 6.by for 7. for 8.for 9.for 10.with 二．（1） 去掉 for，serve 表示“为……服务”，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。 （2） 去掉 into，enter 表示“进入”时，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。 （3） 去掉 with，marry 表示“与……结婚”时，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。 （4） 去掉 of，a great many后可直接跟名词，无需用介词。但若其后的名词有the， these， my 等表特指的限定词，则要用介词 of，如 a great many of my friends. （5） talk 后加 to，因 talk 为不及物动词。 16

（6） listening 后加 to，因what the man says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语。 （7） sit 后加 on或 in，因为从逻辑上说就是 sit on/in the chair. （8） insisted 后加 on，insist 后可接从句作宾语，但不接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，遇此情况应用 insist on. （9） 去掉 to，因 ask 是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。 （10） 去掉 back 前的 to，因 back 是副词，其前不用介词。 一、1.for 2 .with 3.of 4.in 5.by 6.to 7.in 8.in 9.on 10.as 二、（11） 去掉 home 前的 to，因 home 是副词，其前不用介词。 （12） 去掉 at，因 next time 在此用作连词，意为“下次”。 （13） 去掉 in，every year 可直接用作状语，其前无需用介词。 （14） 去掉 in，next week 可直接用作状语，其前无需用介词。 （15） instead 后加 of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而没有”。 （16） because 后加 of，因其后接的是名词，而不是句子。 （17） to 改为 with，要表示“对某人生气”，用 be angry with sb.，不用 be angry to sb. （18） a lot 后加 of，a lot of 意为“许多”。 （19） for 改为 of，为 it is very kind of sb．的变体。 （20） 去掉 on，the moment 在此用作连词，意为“一……就”。 一、小题1:the改成 an 小题2:while 改成when 小题3:stop改成stopped 小题4:Heard改成 Hearing 17

小题5:that 改成who 小题6:thank改成thanks 小题7:help改成 helping 小题8:immorally改成 immoral 小题9:去掉to 小题10:made后面加up 二、1.rested 2 an 3 located 4 however 5 than 6.for 7 laughter 8 dreaming 9.what 10.your 18

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