主谓：就近, 就远原则
一．就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇：as well as; together/alongwith; Rather than; except; besides; but; including; in addition to; apart from 例子：He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
一、 当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,
besides, including等名词或代词连用时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致; 1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
2. A library along with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift. offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3. E-mail, as well as telephone, ___ an important part in daily communication.
playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 4. Nobody but Jane ___the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known known 5. All but one ___ here just now. been
二. 就近一致原则,谓语与靠近的名词、代词有时不一定是主语在“人称、人数”上一致;
一、在正式文体中：
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；or; either...or; nor; neither...nor; whether...or; not...but; not only...but also”等; (1)
What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈与我无关;
2 Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错; 3 Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你,而是你的父亲该受责备; 4Not only you but also he is wrong.
不仅你错了,他也错了;
6. Either you or the headmaster ___the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____tired of having one examination after another.
B. are
2. 在倒装句中,谓语可与后面第一个主语一致;
1 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处,能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声; (2)
There is are a pen and some books on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔和几本书; 非正式文体中：
有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上,“no one”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”;“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则; 总结：英语就近原则短语
1. There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2. Neither...nor...
Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right. 3. either...or...
Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. =Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4. not only...but also...
Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. =Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
三、 当“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式,当“one of+复数名词+定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式;
8. He is the only one of the students who ___a winner of scholarship for three years. B. are C. have been D. has been 9. She is one of the few girls who ___in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well
四、 当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
10. Every possible means ___to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
五、当分数百分数+ of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数; 11. _____of the land in that distrcit_____covered with trees and glass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
六、the number of......的数目短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；当a number of...许多...短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
12. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; was D. were; were 七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式; 13. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
练习题:
1、In our school library, there _____a number of books on science and the number of them _____become larger and larger.
A、have; is B、is ；have C、are；is D、is；are 2、Either you or Tom _____a boss.
A、is B、are C、have D、has
3、There ______any new words in Lesson Two, it’s too easy. A、is B、are C、aren’t D、isn’t
4、Tom,there ____a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. ----Ok, mom. I will do it right away.
A、is B、are C、has D、isn’t
5、____Lucy ____Lily is going with you, because one of them must stay at home. A、not only；but also B、neither；nor C、either；or D、both；and
6 Neither my father nor my mother _____rock music. They think that it’s too_____. A、like; noise B、likes; noisy C、likes; noise D、like; noisy 7. The head teacher with his students ______ Nature Park if it ____tomorrow. A、is going to；will rain B、are going to; doesn’t rain C、is going to; doesn’t rain D、are going to; won’t rain 8、---How does your mother like your presents for Mother’s Day
---Well, ____this sweater ___that one is fit for her. They are too big. A、both；and B、either；or C、neither；nor D、not only；but also
