Unit One Growing Up
Words and Expressions 1. off and on: from time to time 2. possibility possible impossible 3. take hold: become established Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold. 4. be bored by/with 5. associate „with„ association NBA national basketball association 6. agony of/in agony Many people lay there screaming in agony after the bomb explosion. 7. turn out:
1) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. 2) prove to be; be in the end 3) shut off; extinguish 4) produce; make
5) empty ( a drawer, one’s pockets, a room, etc.) Match the above definitions with the sentences below. * A large group of protesters have turned out. (= 1) * The school has turned out some great scholars. (= 4) * Turn out the light before you go to bed (= 3) * The plan turned out a failure. (= 2)
* We are to turn out 100,000 586 computers next year to meet the market requirements. (= 4) * The experiment turned out to be a success. (= 2) 8. anticipate vt.
1) expect (usu. followed by noun, gerund or that-clause)
*I anticipate seeing you soon.
* They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2002. anticipation n. in anticipation ( of ) 预料到，预先
We brought an extra supply of coal in anticipation of a cold winter. CF: anticipate, expect &hope
anticipate: 以高兴或恐惧的心情期待所希望或预料的事发生，强调事先有所准备； We anticipate that we shall hear from you again.
expect: 希望或期望的是很有可能发生，强调有一定根据，对所预期的事情发生较有把握；口语中往往相
当于“想”后接“to do”;
He expects to take a vacation in June.
hope: 常与for连用，很少指对所希望或所期望的事的发生有把握，常含有充满信心的意思。 He dared not hope that he would succeed in his venture.
9. assign (v.) to give as a share or duty; to fix or set aside for a purpose; decide on; to give (property,
rights, etc) by a legal process.
assign sth. to sb. 分配某事给某人做 assign sb. to sth. 选派某人做某事 I’ve assigned the job to him.
We assigned a day for our meeting.
10. bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interest n. person or thing that bores
Collocation：bore sb. with sth. /by doing get bored bore sb. to death / tears
boredom n. boring adj. an ~ evening be bored with She’s bored with her job. bore sb. to death/tears 令某人极度厌烦
I was bored to death/tears by their trivial conversation. 11 severe: adj.
CF: severe, stern & strict
severe 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人，（severe father严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look严
厉的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students.教师对学生很严厉。）， stern与severe相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如a stern father和a severe father
都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father 指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。 strict相当于汉语的“严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：
The teacher is strict with his students.
There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.
12. due: adj.
1) due (to) : to be paid
* When is the rent due?
* The wage due to him will be paid tomorrow. 2) (attrib. Only) suitable, right, proper
* after due consideration
* in due course: at the right and proper time
3) (to be) expected; appointed or agreed (for a certain time or date)
* The train is due (in) 1:30. 4) due to:
* The accident was due to careless driving.
13. face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty) * They’ll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it. Collocation：face to face (with) 面对面地
In the face of 在„面前；尽管，不顾 be faced with 面临，面对
14. sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc.
* A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.） * The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence. CF: sequence & series
sequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以时
逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如： * I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events.
我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。
* Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first.
你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点衔接不上。
series是指“系列”，“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一
个完整的单位。例如：
* Professor Wang will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue.
王教授将就中东问题作一系列的讲座。
* The post-office has issued a series of stamps commemorating Olympic Games.
邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。 Collocation：
in sequence 顺次，挨次
in rapid sequence 紧接着，一个接着一个 in regular sequence 按次序，有条不紊 the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序
15．recall: v. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun/ gerund, or that-clause) * I don’t recall ever meeting her. CF: recall, remind, remember
recall: “回忆，记起（某人或某事）”，是有意识的活动 remind: 表示有联系或相类似的东西唤起一个人的记忆
~ sb. of sth./ to do sth ~ sb. that …
remember: “记住”， 是无意识的活动，指事物在记忆中自然出现，不含努力和意志 16. CF: respectable, respectful, respective
respectable: 可尊敬的；可尊重的； 体面[大方]的
* Wherever he goes, he is a respectable teacher. respectful:. 尊重人的；表示敬意的
* The boys were well-mannered and respectful toward the grown-ups. respective: 各自的，分别的
All men have their respective duties.
17. compose: vt. write or create ( music, poetry, etc.)
* The president's speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?
*John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son. CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。
compose常见于被动语态，构成be composed of的结构，表示“由…构成”；在用于主动语态时，一般
包含着“融合为一”的意思而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如： *Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。
* England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。
consist of意为“由…构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：
* New York City consists of five boroughs.纽约市由五个行政区组成。 comprise可表示“由…构成”；也可表示“构成”。例如：
* The committee comprises men of widely different views. 这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。 * Fifty states comprise the United States. 美国由50个州组成。
constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组
织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如： * Seven days constitutes a week. 七天构成一个星期。 18. command:
1) n. order * The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated. 2) v. give an order (to) 船长命令船员立刻离船。
The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.
* If you command wisely, you'll be obeyed cheerfully. [谚语]指挥有方，人人乐从。
* He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. [谚语]不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。 像suggest, demand等动词一样, 跟在command后面的that从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋原
形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。 He commanded that all gate(s) (should) be shut. Collocation: get command of
have at one's command 能充分掌握 take command of 开始担任...指挥
under (the) command of 由...指挥； 在...指挥之下
19. hold back:
1) hesitate, show willingness
* Buyers are holding back, making few or no offers. * When danger came, no one held back. 2) restrain, control, hinder the progress of
* The police held back the crowd.
* His poor education is holding him back. 3) keep secret
hold back information
20.avoid: vt. keep or get away from (usu. followed by noun l gerund)
* The little boy who had broken a neighbor's window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished. 我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。
* I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如：avoid，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，mind，miss，postpone，suggest， feel like，give up，put off等，我们在使用中要特别注意。 21. associate v. to connect in thought, memory, or imagination associate with
He associates with criminals. I associate summer with holidays. 22. What’s more: in addition, more importantly
How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what's more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months! 1. Useful Expressions
1) 断断续续 off and on 对…感到腻味 be bored by… 2) 觉得…枯燥难懂 find … dull and difficult 3) 以…而出名 have a reputation for… 4) 据说某人… sb. be said to be …
5) 拘谨刻板, 落后于时代 formal, rigid and out-of-date 6) 随笔小品文 informal essay 躺在沙发上 lie on a sofa 7) 不得不面对… face up to … 8) 围坐在晚餐桌旁 be seated around the supper table 9) …重现在我脑海中 … reawake in my mind 10) 自得其乐 for my own joy 违反规定 violate the rules 11) 不及格分 a failing grade
12) 别无选择，只好做… There is no choice but to do… 13) 更不可思议的是 what’s more 专心听讲 listen attentively 14) 乐乎乎地开怀大笑 laugh with open-hearted enjoyment 15) 心花怒放 pure delight 最后的时刻 at the eleventh hour
