第30卷 2014年10月 武夷科学 V01.30 WU1n S( IENCE JOURNAL 0ct.2014 An annotated catalogue of the whiiteflies(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae)from West Azarl: aijan province,northwestern Iran Hassan GHAHARI 。Shaaban ABD.RABOU ,Svedana N.MYARTSEVA , Enfique RUIZ—CANCINO (1.Department ofPlant Protection,Shahre ReyBranch,IslamicAzad University,Tehran,Iran; 2.Plant Protection Research Institute,Ministry ofAgriculture,Dokki—Giza,Egypt; 3.Divisi6n de Estudios de Postgradoe Investigaci6n,Facultad e lngeniderfay Ciencias, Universidad Aut6noma de Tamaulipas,8 149,Ciudad Victoria,Tamaulipas,Mdxico) Abstract:The fauna of whiteflies(Hemiptera:Stemorrllyneha:Aleyrodidae)from West Azarbaijan province,north- western Iran is studied in this paper.In total 27 species[rom 1 8 genera,including Acaudaleyrodes Takahashi,Aleuro— canthus Quaintanee&Baker,Aleurochiton Tullgren,Aieurolobus Qumntanee&Baker,Aleurothrixus Quaintance& Baker,A ̄urotrachelm Qumntncae&Baker,Aleurotuba Tremblay&Iaccarino,Aleuroviggianus Iaccarino,Ale ̄odes Latreille,Asterobemisia Trehan,Bemisia Quaintance Baker,Bu 蒯 r0如Co ̄eu,Dialeurolobus Danzig, Parabemisia Takahashi,Pealius Quaintance&Baker,Siphoninus Silvestri,Tetraleurodes Cockerell and Trialeurodes Cockerell,were collected and identified.Host plants,economic status,ecological notes and distribution of species are given. Key words:Hemiptera;Aleyrodidae;whitefly;fauna;host plnta;West Az ̄bmjan province;Irn a伊朗西北部West Aza rbaijan省粉虱种类名录 (半翅目:胸喙亚目:粉虱科) Hassan GHAHARI ,Shaaban ABD RABOU ,Svetlana N.MYARTSEVA , Enrique RI IIZ—CANCINO (1.Department fPloant Protection,Shahre Rey Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran; 2.Plant Protection Research Istnitute, 14inistry ofAgriculture,Dokki—Giza,Egypt; 3.Divisi6n de Estudios de Postgradoe Inw rstigaci6n,Facultad de lngenier ̄ay Ciencias, UniversidadAut6noma e Tamauldipas,87149,Ciudad Victoria,Tamaulipas,Mdxico) 摘要:本文调查鉴定了伊朗西北部West Azarbaijan省的粉虱18个属(Acaudaleyrodes Takahashi,Aleurocanthus Qumntance&Baker,Aleurochiton Tullgren,Aleurolobus Quaintance&Baker,Aleurothrixus Quaintance&Baker, Aleurotrachelus Quaintance&Baker,Aleurotuba TrernbL ̄Y&laecarino,Aleuroviggianus laceafino,Aleyrodes Latreil— le,Asterobemisia Trehan,Bemisia Quaintance&Baker, !lulgarialeurodes Corbett,Dialeurolobus Danzig,Parabemisia Takahashi,Pealius Qumntance&Baker,Siphoninus Sil estri,Tetrleuurodes Cockerell nd Traialeurodes Cockerel1)27 种,并记述了它们的寄主植物、经济地位、生态与分布情况。 关键词:半翅目;粉虱科;区系;寄主植物;West Az.trbaijan省;伊朗 中图分类号:Q969.35 1 Introduction 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001—4276一(2014)01—0092—15 The family Aleyrodidae(Hemiptera)include.j 1560 described species in 161 genera in the world Received:2014—05—14 Author:Hassan Ghahari,email:hg}lahari@yahoo.corn Ghahari et a1.:An annotated catalogue of the whiteflies(Hemiptera:Stemorrhyncha: 第30卷 Aleyrndidae)from West Azarbaijn praovince,northwestern Iran ・93. (Martin,2005;Martin and Lau,201 1).These insects are agricultural and ornamental pests which feed on plant saps,produce honeydew and transmit several plnta viruses(Mound and Halsey,1 978; Byme and BeHows,1991).Whiteflies may affect the biochemistry,physiology,anatomy,and deve1. opment of infested plntas.They may deplete plant reserves,reduce primary production,and cause direct phytotoxic effects.They also cause secondary damage through honeydew excretion that enables sooty mold development,blocks sunlight,and reduces photosynthesis(Chen et a1.,2004;Gerling, 1990;Henneberry et a1.,2000;Yee et a1.,1996).A few species,most notably B.tabaci,transmit plant—damaging viral diseases(Brown and Czosnek,2002;Colvin et a1.,2006).The basic physiolog- ieal process in the plant may be modiied by whitfeflies.For example,B.tabaci causes increased stomatal resistance(impaired gas exchange),reduced transpiration nd aphotosynthesis rates,and re・ duced chlorophyll content in tomato leaves(Buntin et a1.,1993;Inbar and Gerling,2008). The West Azarbaijan province is located in the northwestern part of Iran,bordering wiht Tur- key,Iraq and Armenia,and the provinces of East Azerbaijn,Zanjaan and Kurdistan.It covers an area of 43,660 km ,and its climate is largely influenced by the rainy winds of the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean.According to existing meteorological data,local temperatures vary within the province.The highest temperature reaches 34。C in July,and the lowest temperature is一16。C in January.The aim of hits paper is a faunistic study on the huna of whiteflies and their main host plntas in this region. 2 Materials and Methods he puparia of whitTeflies were collected on the leaves of their host plants from different regions of he Westt Azarbaijan province.The sampled regions in this research were 15 localities including Bookan,Hassanloo,Khoy,Mahabad,Makoo,Myandoab,Naqadeh,Oshnaviyeh,Ourmieh,Piran— shahr,Salmas,Shahin—Dezh,Seroo,Siah—Cheshmeh and Takab.The specimens weFe studied using he ttechnical and slide making procedure of Martin(1985).The identiifcation,classiifcation,no— menclature,host plants and distirbutional data are mainly according to Bink—Moenen(1983),Zahr- adnik(1991),Martin et a1.(2000),Evans(2007)and Martin and Mound(2007). 3 Results and species account In the species account 27 whitefly species from 1 8 genera are treated.All species belong to the subfamily Aleyrodinae Westwood. Genus Acaudaleyrodes Takahashi,1951 Acaudaleyrodes rachipora(Singh,1931) Material examined:Hassanloo(1 288 m),3 specimens,on Ricinus communis(Euphorbiace— ae)。July 2008. Distribution:Cameroon,Canary Islands,Chad,Cyprus,Egypt,India,Iran,Iraq,Israel, Jordan,Kenya,Liberia,Madagascar,Niger,Nigeria,Saudi Arabia,Sierra Leon,South Africa, Sudan,Algeria,Mauritania,Tunesi ̄(Panis et a1.,2009),Lebanon(Kfoury et a1.,2003). ・94・ 武夷科学 第30卷 Note:During the summer in Spain the nunlber of specimens declines and at the end of the sea- son it again increases(Llorens—Climent and Garndo—Vivas,1992).A key to the species of the genus Acaudaleyrodes is provided by Manzari and Alemansoor(2005).Litlte is known about the life history of he specites.According to Gerling et a1.(201L 1)A.rachipora has two or more generations a year. The species has been mentioned as a minor and occasional pest species and is increasing its range.It has been recorded attacking clusterbean,Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,in India(Patel et a1., 201 1)and considered it as a potential pest for Spanish citricuhure f Llorens—Climent and Garrid0. Vivas,1 992).The species is widely distributed but occurring in small numbers in Pakistan f Khan et a1.,1991).In the Canary Islands,A.rachipo ̄r0 populations observed on Citrus have always been low,but very large numbers have been recorded on ornamental Euphorbia shrubseven causing se- ,vere chlorosis and premature leaf-drop(Hernrndez.Su6rez et a1.,20 1 2). Genus Aleurocanthus Quaintance&Baker.1914 A ̄urocanthus rugosa Singh,1931 Material examined:Naqadeh(1 327 m),1 specimen,on Myrtus communis(Myrtaceae),July 2O07 Distribution:India,Iran,Malaya,Malay.,.iaSulawesi. ,Note:The species is of no economic sigrdficanceA key to the sDecies in relation to other . members of the genus is given by Dubey and Ko(2012)for Taiwan and Dubey and Sundararai (2004)for India.Singh(1931)reported parthenogenesis:virgin females laid eggs 0n a young Euge— nia plant and these eggs develop into males.Pupae parasitized by a chalcidoid grow yellowish in striking contrast to the scarlet and crimson coloaration of the heahhy ones. Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby,1915 Material examined:Ourmieh(1 373 m), specimens,on Morus sp.(Moraeeae),July 2006. Distribution:Virtually worldwide.USA,MexicoGuatemala,Cuba,Honduras,Nicaragua,E1 ,Salvador,Panama,Costa Rica,Venezuela,Colombia,Brazil,Argentina,Paraguay,Peru Uru— ,uay,Jamaigca,Puerto Rico,Virgin Islands,Bahamas,Bermuda,EgyptEngland,France,Iran, Israel,Italy,Spain,USSR,Uganda,KenyaSouth Africa,Tanzania,Andaman Island,China,In. ,dia,Philippines,Malaysia,Nicobar IslandsVietnam,Thailand,Australia,Indonesia.New Zea1一 ,and,Hawaii. Note:Worldwide a species of concern。T/,te species is a constant menace t0 citrus and other crops and has been introduced in the southern L S and CaribbeanA lot of inf0mation about its biol— . ogy and ecology is available since its introducti[,n in Central AmericaSix generations per vear are . produced in south Florida and the life cycle from egg to adult ranges from 45 to 133 days dependlng on the temperature(Dietz and Zetek,1 920;Ngu)ren and Hamon,1 993).The species is extreme1y po- lyphagous and known from numerous plants:in Mexico75 species from 38 families are affected in .which A.woglumi can complete its life cycle(SI]aw,1950) Ghahari et a1.:An annotated catalogue of the whitelfies(Hemiptera:Stemorrhyncha: 第30卷 Aleyrodidae)from West Azarbaij/in province,northwestern Iran Genus Aleurochiton Tullgren,1907 ・95・ Aleurochiton aceris(Modeer,1778) Material examined:Khoy(1 153 m),2 specimens,on Acer sp.(Aceraceae),August 2008. Distribution:Austira,Czech Republic,Denmark,England,Finland,France,Germany,Hun— gary,Irn,Iataly,Netherlnds,Polaand,Russia,Sweden,USSR,former Yugoslavia. Note:This species is apparently wihoutt any economic importance.Muller(1962)noted two generations with diferent looking puparia in Germany.Aleurochiton aceris is only known from three species of the genus Acer(Evans,2007).Nothing is known about its biology in Iran. Genus Aleurolobus Quaintance&Baker.1914 Aleurolobus marlatti(Quaintance,1903) Material examined:Bookan(1 384 m),2 specimens,on Amaranthus retrolcxof ̄(Amaranthace— ae),June 2008.Makoo(1 633 m),1 specimen,on Amaranthus sp.,September 2008. Distribution:Chad,China,Egypt,India,Iran,Israel,Japan,Java,Jordan,Malaysia,Phil— ippines,Saudi Arabia. Note:The species is predominantly a minor pest.Gerling et a1.(201 1)reported 3—4 genera— tions a year,the egg stage lasts 6—8 days,one month for the nymphal stages,at least 45 days for he pupalt stage en 14 days for the adult stage.Evans(2007)reported A.marlatti from at least 60 species from 38 plant families. Aleurolobus vitis Danzig,1966 Material examined:Ourmieh(1 372 m),3 specimens,Oll Vitis vinifera(Vitaceae),July 2006. Distribution:Iran,Korea,Maritime Territory(USSR),Malaya,Malaysia. Note:Aleurolobus vitis is only reported from Vitis coignetiae(Suh and Hodges,2005)and amurensis(Danzig,1966)and is not yet reported as a species of economic importance. Aleurolobus wunni(Ryberg,1938) Material examined:Mahabad(1 359 m),1 specimen,on Clematis sp.(Ranunculaceae),June 20o7. Distribution:Czech Republic,Finland,France,Germany,Hungary,Iran,Italy,Poland, Sweden,USSR,former Yugoslavia. Note:Alhough tfairly polyphagous and known from eleven plant species from six plant families (Evans,2007)no damage is ever reported.Little is known about its ecology and phenology:Hdlden (1 986)giving an overview of he tspecies in Finland and making a comparison between species which hibernate in the puparial and adult stage,the first stage larva settle down on young leaves which have not yet reached full size.The young leaves have the longest remaining lifetime,which is impor- rnta for those whiteflies with a long development time from egg to puparium,lasting 3—4 months. The species is reported from at least eleven plant species from seven plant families(Evans,2007). ・96・ 武夷科学 第30卷 Genus Aleurothrixus Quaintance&Baker.1914 AleurothrixusfIOCCOSUS(MaskeH,1895) Material examined:Oshnaviyeh(1 465 m),1 specimen,on Diospyros khaki(Ebenaceae), September 2007. Distribution:The species is native to the Neotropieal Region.It is an introduced species in: Angola,Canary Islands,China,Congo,France,Gabon,Guam,Guinea,India,lran,Italy,Ja— pan,Liberia,Madeira,Morocco,Nigeria,Porlugal,Reunion,Sicily,Spain,Thailand. Note:Sporadic pest on Citrus and other fuirt hosts in Central America and Colombia(Caballe一 1"O,1992).The species is very polyphagous and reported from 69 plant species rfom 33 plant families Evans(2007).The species excrete large amotmts of honeydew with the resulting growth of sooty mold which interferes with the photosynthesis ot leaves.The species is regularly found in greenhou— ses in the temperate zone(Jansen,201 1). Passos Carvalho(1 994)described the nymphal stages and reported six generations in Madeira. Generally 100——150 eggs are laid on the underside in the stomata of leaves whereas crawlers from eggs laid on the upper side or on young fruits dent survive.The eggs are normally laid in circles but in less favourable circumstances occur randomly scattered or in irregular groups.In Italy A.loccos ̄ fshows 4—5 yeady generations.This species aln:tost develops during the year with declining popula。 ifons during the winter and populations raise again during the summer time(Barbagallo et a1., 1992).The species is repotred from at least 70 species rfom 34 plant families(Evans,2011). Genus Aleurotrachelus Quaintance&Baker.1914 Aleurotrachelus rhamnicola(Goux,1940) Material examined:Ourmieh(1 368 m),1 specimen,on Berberis sp.(Berberidaceae),July 2006. Distribution:The species is widespread in 1he Mediterranean region. Note:The species is of no economic importance but its polyphagy may contribute to become a minor pest.The species is reported from at leas ̄:nine species of nine plant families(Evans,2007)。 Further study may indicate that the species is nj ore polyphagous than is presently known(Mifsud, 1995).Little is known about its biology and pl ̄tenology,Goux(1940)reposed one annual genera— tion. Genus Aleurotuba Tremblay&Iaccarino.1978 Aleurotuba jelinekii(Frauenfeld,1867) Material examined:Myandoab(1 34 1 m),2 specimens,on Myrtus communis(Myrtaceae), June 2007. many,Greece,Iran,Italy,Netherlands,Portu— Distribution:Colombia,England,France Ger,gal,Romania,Spain,Turkey,USA,USSR, fol’mer Yugoslavia. Note:This is a species of lnlno[economic importance ahhough} infestations and large col— Ghahari et a/.:An annotated catalogue of the whiteflies(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha: 第30卷 Aleyrodidae)from West Azarbaijn aprovince,northwestern Iran ‘97- onies may occur(Rapisarda,1982).A key factor analysis and bionomics of Aleurotuba jelinekii on 6umum£ n are studied in Great Britain(Southwood and Reader, 1976;Southwood et a1., 1 989).The population dynamics is studied by Hassell et a1.(1 987)who reported up to thirty eggs lid Per female in wax-covered clusters and these hatch after four weeks.In Great Britain the specie is univoltine.The species was reported from seven species from five plant families(EVans,2007)・ Genus Aleuroviggianus laecarino,1982 Aleuroviggianus adrianae Iaccarino,1982 Materia1 examined:Myandoab(1 33 1 m),1 specimen,on Quercus rotundifolia(Fagaceae), June 2007. Distribution:France,Greece,Iran,Italy,Spain. Note:Aleuroviggianus adrianae is of no economic importance and is known from Q rc mac‘ ,乜n er也(Ghahari e£口1.,2009)and Q.ilex.It has one annual generation in Italy(Evans,2007;Rap— isarda,1990). enus GAleyrodes Latreille,1796 Aleyrodes elevatus Silvestri,1934 Material examined:Oumieh(1 376 m),4 specimens,on Ficus carica(Moraceae),July 2006. Distributi0n:Croatia,France,Georgia,Greece(Rhodes),Iran,Israel,Italy(including Sici_ ly),Spain,Syria,Turkey(Gerling et a1.,201 1;Simala and Masten Milek 2008)- N0te:This 0l 叩hagous species is of no economic importance and lives on at least eight plant species 0f six plant families(e.g.Patti and Rapisarda,1981).Little is known about its life history alth0ugh Gerling et a1.(201 1)recorded at least four generations a year in Israel・ Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker,1852 Material examined:Hassanloo(1 283 m),3 specimens,on Urtica dioica(U ̄icaceae),July 2008. Distribution:Austria,England,Finland,France,Germany,Hungary,Iran,Israel,Itly,a Korea,Poland,Portugal,Russia,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,USSR,former Yugoslavia- Note:The species is a pest of several crops in unheated greenhouses in Europe such as Fraga卜 n vesca.and Ribe spec.(Jansen,201 1).This polyphagous species is recorded from at least 88 species from 30 plant families(Evans,2007;Huld6n,1987;Jansen,201 1;Tryapitsin et a1.,1996)・ w_0aI lo凡icerae overwinters as a female adult on the soil independent from any host(Bahrmann, 1973).There are several 0vedapping generations a year.Puparia are normally found during the summer and fal1. Genus Asterobemisia Trehan,1940 Asterobemisia atraphaxius(Danzig,1969) Material ex砌ined:Piranshahr(1 466 m),2 specimens,on Carpinus betulus(Betulaceae), ・98・ 武夷科学 第30卷 July 2008. Distribution:Europe,Iran,Russia,USSt ̄:. Note:This species has never been reported of any economic importance nor has it been inter- eepted in quarantine.It is recorded from 23 phmt species from 13 families(Evans,2007). Genus Bemisia Quaintance&Baker.1914 Bemisia afer(Priesner&Hosny,1934) Material examined:Naqadeh(1 337 m),l^I specimens,on Malva parvilfora(Malvaceae),July 2oo7. Distribution:It is widely distirbuted in walTrler parts of the world and is found outdoors as far north as the north of England(Malumphy,2003)e.g.Australia,Brazil,Cameroon,Chad,China, Congo,Egypt,Iran,Israel,Italy, Sicily,Spain,Guinea,India,Ivory Coast,Kenya,KoreaMadagascar,Mulawi,New Guinea, Niger,Nigeria,Sierre Leon,South Africa,Sudan,PakistanUganda,Zaire. Note:In most cases it is of no economic iraportance but an outbreak was recorded in Belize in , , 1994 and 1996 were plants of Bocconia frutesce ̄r were f0und to be colonized by very large popula. ifons(Anderson et a1.,2001).The species is】一eported from more than 70 species from at least 50 plant fmialies and recent studies reveal that it ̄represents a species complex(Evans,2007;Heman— dez—Suarez et a1.,2012).Barbagallo et a1.(1992)reposed it as common in ltalian Citrus areas but always in very low densities. Bemisia confil.ga Danzig,1964 Material examined:Khoy(1 150 m),4 specimens,on Psoralea sp.(Fabaceae),August2008. Distribution:Caucassus,Iran,Russia and adjacent countires. Note:Up to know Psoralea is the only hosl:and the species is of no econ0mic importanceNo .peculiarities are reposed about the biology and 1wology. Bemisia mesasiatica Danzig,1969 Material examined:Takab(1 821 m),2 11pecimens,on U/mus campestris(Ulmaeeae),Sep— tember 2006.Oshnaviyeh(1 467 m),1 specim衄,on Ulmus procera.September 2007. Distribution:Iran,Tadzhikistan,Russia and adjacent countires. Note:The species is of no economic imporlance.The species is recorded from 8 plant species from 3 plant families(Evans,2007).Additional notes about the phenology nd aecology are not re. poaed. Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius,1889) Materila examined:Ourmieh(1 373 m),3 specimens,on Calendula ofifcinalis(Composite. ae),July 2006.Ourmieh(1 368 m),5 specimens,on Raphanus raphanistram(Brassicaceae),July 2006.Mahabad(1 359 m),6 specimens,on lanum nigrum(Solanaceae),June 2007.Naqadeh (1 337 m),2 specimens,on Malva parvilora(Malfvaceae),June 2007.3 specimens.Oshnaviyeh Ghahari et a1.:An annotated catalogue of the whiteflies(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha: 第3O卷 Aleyrodidae)from West Azarbaijn aprovince,northwestern Irn a.99. (1 465 m),on U/mus minor(Ulmaceae),September 2007.Hassanloo(1 288 m),5 specimens, on Ricinus communis(Euphorbiaceae),July 2008.Piranshahr(1 466 m),4 specimens,on Polygo— hum convolvulus(Polygonaceae),July 2008.Khoy(1 153 m),7 specimens,on Lycopersicum e3c1¥一 lentum(Solanaceae),August 2008. Distribution:Generally distirbuted in the world. Note:This is a severe pest with a virtually worldwide distribution causing a lot of damage by their sap sucking activities and the ability to transmit ten percent of all known plant pathogenic vim— ses.Last studies reveal hatt Bemisia tabaci s.I.represents a species complex with 34 diferent puta— ifve species(Tay et a1.,2012). Genus Bulgarialeurodes Corbett,1936 Bulgarialeurodes cotesii(Maskell,1895) Material examined:Siah—Cheshmeh(1 813 m),3 specimens,on Rosa sp.(Rosaceae),May 2007.Myandoab(1 342 m),2 specimens,on Rosa canina(Rosaceae),June 2007. Distribution:Afghanistan,Bulgaria,Iran,Pakistan,Rumania,Turkmenistan,Russia,Mace— donia(Russell,1960),Hungary(Kozdr and David,1986)and China(Ko and Luo,1999). Note:The species may be a pest on members of the genus Rosa.In Europe it has extended its range to Budapest,Hungary where the numbers rapidly increased in 1 983(Koz6r and Nagy D6vid, 1986).The species was f0und to be abundant in Xinjin,Chiana as well(Ko and Luo,1999).Also, in Europe the insect hibernates on leaves in the pupal stage and adults emerge in late April or early May(Russell,1960). Dialeurodes kirkaldyi(Kotinsky,1907) Material examined:Ourmieh(1 434 m),2 specimens,on Juglans regia(Jugandaceae),Au— gust 2007. Distribufion:The species is suspected to be native to Asia.Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Australia,Azores,Bahamas,Barbados,Burma,Caroline Islands,China,Cook Islands,Cosm Ri- ca,Cuba,Cyprus,Egypt,Fijj,Ghana,Greece,Guam,Guyana,Hawaii,India,Iran,Israel,Ja— maica,Japan,Lebanon,Malaysia,Malta,Mexico,Pakistn,Phialippines,Portugal,Puerto Rico, Samoa,Sri Lanka,Syria,Tahiti,Thailand,Trinidad,Turkey,UK,USA,Virgin Islands. Note:Ahhough fairly polyphagous living on 42 plant species from 20 plant families Dialeurodes kirkaldyi is considered a minor pest despite it is reported to transmit yellow--ring mosaic viusr in Jus・- minum(Mariappan and Ramanujam,l 975).Litlte is reported about its biology and ecology.D. kirkaldyi has a history of spreading internationally by the trade of plant material and the area of ori— gin of he specites is uncertain(Martin et a1.,2000). Genus Dialeurolobus Danzig,1964 Dialeurolobus rhamni Bink—Moenen,1992 Material examined:Piranshahr(1 466 m),1 specimen,on Ziziphus sp.(Rhamnaceae),July ・l00・ 武疆科学 第3O卷 2008. Distribution:Iran,Israel,Palestine. Note:In Israel it is of no economic import:arce(Gerling,2011).The species is lsao known from Rhamnus lycioides(Gerling,2011),R.palaestina(Evans,2007)and Ziziphus vulgaris(Ghahari et a1..2007b).The species has two annual generations(Gerling,2011). Genus Parabem。isia Takahashi,1952 Parabemisia myricae(Kuwana,1927) Material examined:Mahabad(1 352 m),4 specimens,O1'1 Morus alba(Moraceae),June 2oo7. Distribution:China,Egypt,Hawaii,India,Iran,Israel,Italy,Japan,Morocco,Palestine, Spain,Turkey,USA,Venezuela.(Evans,200’7). Note:In parts of the Mediterranean region it has become a serious pest on C/trus by causing discolourations and deformations of young leave:.: ̄and producing copious production of honeydew and sooty moulds(Llorens Climent and Garrido—Vivas,1 992;Viggini,1a 993;Uygun et a1.,1 990).The species is very polyphagous and f0und on representatives of at least 40 species from 23 plant families (Evans,2007).Parabemisia myricae propagate ̄parthenogenetically and males only seldom occur. Females produce on average 70 eggs.Uygun et t:t1.(1 990)has described its life cycle and reported a life cycle of 24 days from egg to adult with a ternperature of 25—26。C and an average humidity of 60 ±5%from March to October.The species hibernate in the larval stage or in the puparium but dur- ing warln weather adults may emerge during wit,ter months and lay eggs. Genus Pea//us Quaiintanee&Baker.1914 Pealius quercus(Signoret,1868) Material examined:Salmas(1 3 1 1 m),1, ̄pecimen,on Carpinus betulus(Betulaceae),Octo— ber 2o07. Distribution:Czech Republic,Denmark,England,Finland,France,Germany,Iran,Ireland, he Nettherlands,Poland,Scodand,Spain,Sweden,Turkmenistan,USSR. Note:The species is of no economic significance and is reported from eleven plant species of four plant families(Evans,2007). enus GSiphoninus Silvestri,1915 Siphoninus phillyreae(Haliday,1835) Materila examined:Siah—Cheshmeh(I 807 m),6 specimens,on Fraxinus excelsior(Oleace— ae),May 2007. Distribution:S ̄honinus phillyreae is a common species in the Mediterranean Region and Cen— tral Europe and is widely distributed across the Middle East and parts of Russia.It is reported from Cameroon,Eritrea and Sudan and in the Orienta【region from India and Pakistan.The species has been introduced to Australia,and to North Ameri ca and South America((Martin et a1.,2000;Mar- Ghahari et a1.:An annotated catalogue of the whiteflies(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha: ’第30卷 Aleyrodidae)from West Azarbaijna province,northwestern Iran ・101・ tin,1999;Sorensen et a1.,1990). Note:In its native area S.phillyreae is a minor pest from which Gerlin et a1.(201 1)reported four generations a year.Litde is reported about the ecology and phenology.The species has the po— tential to become a serious pest in new environs;however it has several natural enemies that Call control its populations to under economic thresholds(Nguyen and Hamon,1990).Siphoninus phiU— yreae is reported from at least 56 plant species ofmore than 12 plant families with a preference for Oleaceae,Puniacaceae and Rosaceae(Nguyen and Hamon,1990;Malumphy and Mifsud,2012). Genus Tetraleurodes Cockerell,1902 Tetraleurodes hederae Goux,1939 Materila examined:Shahin—Dezh(1 422 m),3 specimens,on Hedera sp.(Araliaceae),Au— gust 2008. Distribution:France,Iran,Italy,Russia,Crete(Bink,1980),Malta(Martin et a1.,2000). Note:Tetraleurodes hederae is a monophagous species of no economic importance:The species propagates parthenogenetic,males have never been observed.In Crete there are three generations. Specimens are generally f0und in sheltered places where the host plant is growing.The populations aye small but when reared may exceed 40—50 puparia per leaf.Adults aye not very active and are generaHy fbund at the undemide of leaves,are living 2—4 weeks and lay 60—100 eggs(Bink, 1980). Genus Trialeurodes Cockerefl,1902 Tr/a/eurodes ricini(1VIisra,1924) Materila examined:Seroo(1 622 m),5 specimens,on Fragaria vesca(Rosaceae),May 2008. Distribution:Andaman and Nicobar Islands,Cambodia,Cameroon,Central Afircan Republic, Chad,Gabon,India,Iran,Israel,Ivory Coast,Madagascar,Malaya,Malaysia,Nigeria,Paki— staB,Saudi Arabia,Sierra Leon,Sri l_anka,Sudan,Thailand,Turkey,Uganda,Zaire,Zimb— bawe. Note:In Israel ricini is a minor pest species which has been found to be moving in interna- tional plant tmde and reported to be a begomovirus vector of tomato yeHow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) (Idriss et a1.,1997).Morphological separation of laun amd ricini puparia is problematical due to their similarity(Malumphy et a1.,2007). Trialeurodes ricini is broadly polyphagous and hte life history of this species was studied by Sh— ishehbor and Brennan(1996a).The temperature is an important factor fafecting the longevity of both females and males and the range of the maximum longevity observed for an individual whitefly was 12 —57 days at a constant temperature of 20。C and 6—26 days at 30。C.The preovipostion period de— creases wiht increasing temperature and the peak egg production occurred at 30。C with a rnage of 97 —351 eggs(Shishehbor and Brennan,1996b). ・102・ 武夷科学 第30卷 Tr/a/eurodes vaporariorum(Westwood,1856) Material examined:Ourmieh(1 37 1 m),8 specimens,on Ipomoea purpurea(Convolvulace— ae),June 2006.Takab(1 821 m),4 specimens,on Lanthana hybrida(Verbenaceae),September 2006.Seroo(1 610 m),3 specimens,on Cuc;ttmis sativus(Cucurbitaceae),May 2008.Makoo(1 633 m),5 specimens,on Verbena oficifnalis(Verbenaceae),September 2008. Distribution:Generally distributed in the world. Note:This is one of the most cosmopolitan whitefly pest speciesdamaging many outdoor crops , in nearly all the tropics and subtropicsas well as in greenhouses in temperate regions and at higher ,latitudes. There exists exhaustive literature regarding;its ecology and phenology both in greenhouses and out of doors in many countires(e.g.van Roernlund and van Lenteren,1992). 4 Discussion Upon the results of this research,27 ale?rodid species were collected from West Azarbaijan province,Iran.Since whiteflies(especially B.tabaci and vaporariorum)are important pests in most agricultural and greenhouse systems of Iran(Ghahari and Hatami,200 1;Ghahari,2004:Ghahari et a1.,2007a,b),faunistic surveys are needed Io enhance the knowledge concerning field character. istics,distribution,economic importanceecology including their host plants and phenology in all I— ,ranian regions. Besides additional,knowledge 0f their natural enemies and predators will c0ntribute to a successful biological contro1.Chemical control is still worldwide a main mechod for the contI-0i 0f whiteflies which is the cause of developing pest:[cide resistanceFaunistic surveys in this way con— .tribute to strengthen the use of integrated pest n anagement(IPM)as an efifcient met}lod f0r success. ful contro1. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to R.Bink—Moenen(Zuider.eng 6,6721 HH Bennekom.The Nethe卜 lands),A.K.Dubey(National Taiwan University,Taiwan),and E.Danzig(Russian Academv of Science,Russia)for their assistance in progress of this research. We are als0 grateful to J. Huang (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China)and M.Jansen(Dutch Plant Protection Service. he NetTherlands)for editing the manuscript.The research was supported by Shahre Rev Islamic Azad University,Iran,Egyptian Ministry of Agricultureand Universidad Aut6noma de Tamau“pas,, M6xico Ghahari et a1.:An annotated catalogue of the whiteflies(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha: 第3O卷 Aleyrodidae)from West Azarbaijn praovince,northwestern Irma References ・103・ Anderson P,Martin JH,Hemandez P,Lagnaoui A.2001.Bemisia咖in the Americas.Florida Entomologist,8:316-317. sen8.Lat,(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)outbreak Barbagallo S,Longo S,Patti I,Rapisarda C.1992.Efifciency of biological contolr against citrus whitelfies in Itlay. Bolhtino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachieohura,24:121-135. Bink FA.1980.Gegevens over de biologic vail twee wite—vhegsoo ̄en op ldimop Hedera helix te weten Siphoninus im- maculatus Heeger en Tetraleurodes hederae Goux(Aleyrodidae).Stencil,l-3. 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