专业英语八级模拟试卷182(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷182 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. Poland has its polkas. Hungary has its czardas. Brazil is famous for the bossa nova, Caribbean countries for the merengue, and Argentina for the tango. Tile U.S. is known for jazz, a completely original type of music that has gained world-wide popularity. Jazz is America’s contribution to popular music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. Brash, uninhibited, exciting, it has a modem sound. In the 1920’s jazz sounded like America. And so it does today. The original of this music are as interesting as the music itself. Jazz was invented by American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, who were brought to the southern states as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours in the cotton and tobacco fields. This work was hard and life was short. When a Negro died his friends and relatives formed a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. A band often accompanied the procession. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn, music suited to the occasion. But on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Everybody was happy. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes presented at the funeral. This music made every one want to dance. It was an early form of jazz. But there were other influences, too. Music has always been important in Negro life. Coming mainly from West Africa, the blacks who were brought to America already possessed a rich musical tradition. This music centered on religious ceremonies in which dancing, singing, clapping, and stamping to the beat of a drum were important forms of musical and rhythmic expression. As these people settled in to their new life in the plantations of the South, music retained its importance. In the fields, they made up work songs. Singing made the hard work go faster. And as the people were converted to Christianity, they composed lovely spirituals which have become a permanent part of American music. Another

musical form which contributed to jazz was the blues. Blues songs always describe something sad--an unhappy love affair, a money problem, bad luck. To this day, the expression “feeling blue” means being sad or depressed. In fact, there was hardly any activity or social event that could not be set to music. Weddings, birth, christenings, funerals, picnics, parades--all had their musical accompaniment. After the American Civil War, the Negroes had gained their freedom and were ready for a new type of music, one that would preserve their musical traditions but be fast and happy to express their new-found free- dom. They wanted something they could play as professional musicians for both black and white audiences. Jazz was the answer. It combined themes from Negro work songs, spirituals and blues, set to a fast beat, with the musicians improvising as they went along, like the funeral marching bands. To be good, a musician had not only to remember his part but also to be able to invent new variation on the spur of the moment. Jazz belongs to the people, but popular taste is changeable. Jazz had to keep up to date. Over the last half century it has changed many times in form, style, and tempo. Each change added something new.Now, you have two minutes to check through your notes. Please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE in 10 minutes.

Just as【1】______ is famous for the tango, so American 【1】______is well-known for jazz, a typical American invention. Unliketraditional music, which is

restricted to European traditions,jazz music is【2】______ and flee-formed. 【2】______ Jazz is interesting, so is its【3】______. The music was【3】______invented by Negroes, who were taken away from West Africaand sold as slaves to the plantation owners in the South of thecountry. Their work was hard and their life was short. When onedied, the friends and relatives would attend the【4】______【4】______On the occasion, a music band often accompanied a march tothe cemetery. On the way to the cemetery, slow, solemn musicwas played, but on the way back home【5】______ music 【5】______was preferred. The music made everyone want to dance.was the early form of jazz. There were also other musical【6】______ that influenced the【6】______formation of jazz. One was the musical【7】______ in West 【7】______Africa, from where these Negroes were taken away to America.The other was the【8】______ music, which always【8】______describes something sad--an unhappy love affair, a moneyproblem, bad luck. Still the third was the liberated blacks【9】______ to create a new music form that was fast, 【9】______happy and set a【10】______ rhythm to express their 【10】______new-found freedom after the American Civil War.

1． 【1】

正确答案：Argentina

2． 【2】

正确答案：natural spontaneous/unintdbited/unrestricted

3． 【3】

正确答案：origin

4． 【4】

正确答案：funeral

5． 【5】

正确答案：happy/fast/exciting

6． 【6】

正确答案：factors/forms

7． 【7】

正确答案：traditions

8． 【8】

正确答案：blues

9． 【9】

正确答案：desire/want/necessity/need

10． 【10】

正确答案：fast/quick

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：Man: I’m talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating for several well-known national and multinational companies. Hello, Janet.Woman: Hello.Man: Now Janet, you’ve experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So, before we come on to the differences, could I ask you to

comment first of all on what such encounters have in common?Woman: OK, well, I’m just going to focus on the situations where people speak English in international business situations.Msn: I see. Now not everyone speaks English to the same degree of proficiency. So maybe that affects the situation?Woman: Yes, perhaps. But that’s not always so significant. Well, because, I mean, negotiators between business partners from different countries normally mean that we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions.Man: Oh, I see.Woman: Well, every individual has a different way of perforating various tasks in everyday life.Man: Yes, but, but isn’t it the case that in a business negotiation they must come together and work together, to a certain extent? I mean, doesn’t that level out the style of... the style of differences somewhat?Woman: Oh, I’m not so sure. I mean, there are people in the so-called Western World who say that in the course of the past 30 or 40 years that a lot of things have changed a great deal globally. And that as a consequence national differences have diminished or have got fewer, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style.Man: Yeah, I’ve heard that. Now some people say that this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns.Woman: Maybe it has, maybe it hasn’t. Because, on the one hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified, even uniform style of doing business, with certain basic principles and preferences -- you know, like ‘time is money’, that sort of thing. But at the same time it’s very important to re member that we all retain aspects of our national characteristics -- but it is actually behavior that we’re talking about here. We shouldn’t be too quick to generalize that to national characteristics and stereotypes. It doesn’t help much.Man: Yeah, you mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about the American style of business bargaining or negotiating?Woman: Well, I’ve noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct self-explanatory way.Man: I see.Woman: While the Br. Brazilians make their points in a more indirect way.Man: How?Woman: Let me give you an example. Brazilian importers look the people they’re talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what for some people seems to be background information. They seem to be more indirect.Man: Then, what about the American negotiators?Woman: An American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of pointmaking: first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, this isn’t the only way in which one can negotiate. And there’s absolutely no reason why this should be considered the best way to negotiate.Man: Right. Americans seem to have a different style, say, even from file British, don’t they?Woman: Exactly. Which just shows how careful you must be about generalizing. I mean, how else can you explain how American negotiators are seen as informal and sometimes much too open? For in British eyes Americans are direct- even blunt.Man: Is that so?Woman: Yeah, and at the same time, for the British too, German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in negotiations. And yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together it’s often the Americans who are being too blunt for the German negotiators.Man: Fascinating. So people from different European countries use a different style, don’t they?.Woman: N... That’s right.Man: OK... so... what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from

Americans and Europeans?Woman: Oh well, yes, of course. Many Europeans note the extreme politeness of their Japanese counter parts. The way they avoid giving the slightest offence, you know. They’re also very reserved to wards people they don’t know well. At the first meetings, American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then, when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear. But it is perhaps tree to say that your average Japanese business person does choose his, or, mom rarely, her words very carefully.Man: So can we say whatever nationalities you’ re dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways.Woman: Well, it’s perhaps more helpful to bear in mind that different people behave and negotiate in different ways -- and you shouldn’t assume that everyone will behave in the same way that you do.Man: Right. This is definitely a very useful tip for our businessmen who often negotiate with their over seas paring. OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking with us.Woman: Pleasure.

11． According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is ______. A．English language proficiency B．different cultural practices C．different negotiation tasks

D．the international Americanized style

正确答案：B

12． Janet’s attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is ______.

A．supportive B．negative C．ambiguous D．cautious

正确答案：D 13． Which of the following CANNOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?

A．Americans prepare more points before negotiations. B．Americans are more straightforward dung negotiations. C．Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations. D．Brazilians seek more background information.

正确答案：A

14． Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward? A．The British.

B．Germans. C．Americans.

D．Not mentioned.

正确答案：C

15． Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators? A．Reserved. B．Prejudiced. C．Polite. D．Prudent.

正确答案：B

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： Lebanon’s staunchly pro-Syrian president said he intends to remain in office, rejecting opposition demands for him to step down in the wake of the slaying of an anti-Syrian journalist. The anti-Syrian opposition stepped up calls for President Emile Lahoud’s resignation after journalist Samir Kassir was killed last week by a bomb that destroyed his car. The opposition blamed Damascus, along with the president and pro-Syrian elements in the Lebanese security services, for Kassir’s death. The opposition had planned a march Monday but postponed the demonstration Sunday until parliamentary elections are over. Lebanon is in the midst of parliamentary elections that the anti-Syrian opposition hopes will end Damascus’ control of the legislature. Beirut voted on May 29 and southern Lebanon on Sunday. The process runs for another two Sundays. Lahoud, who has condemned the killing of Kassir, lashed out at the accusations against him Sunday, saying the attacks were “political campaigning par excellence, part of electioneering whose perpetrators know no limits.” “I have pledged to the Lebanese...Lebanon’s unity, sovereignty, its independence and the safety of its land,” he said. “I affirm this pledge until the last minute of my constitutional term, exactly as I pledge to re spect public freedoms, first and foremost the freedom of expression and belief.” Demands for the long-serving president to resign intensified after Syria pulled its troops out of Lebanon in April, ending three decades of political and military control. The withdrawal followed mass protests and heavy international pressure on Damascus after the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.

16． From the report, we can infer that the parliamentary election lasts at least ______.

A．one day

B．two days C．one week D．two weeks

正确答案：D 17． The assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri resulted in ______. A．mass anti-Syrian protests

B．Lebanese parliamentary elections C．President Lahoud’s resignation D．the killing of a famous journalist

正确答案：A

听力原文： Former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright criticized Bush administration family planning policies at a women’s health conference Monday. President Bush has threatened to veto bills that lift restrictions on U.S. family planning aid to health cen ters abroad that promote or perform abortions. Republican administrations have also barred U.S. money from international groups that support abortion, even with their own money. Albright said giving women the power to make their own choices means healthier women, children and societies. The former Clinton administration official said pregnancy related complications are the leading cause of death of women of child-bearing age, killing 600,000 a year worldwide. “We need political leaders committed to giving women the power to choose,’ Albright said. Albright, the chairwoman of the Ministerial Initiative of the Council of Women World Leaders, spoke at a women’s health conference sponsored by Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, the Council of Women World Leaders and Realizing Rights, a group founded by former Irish President Mary Robinson. The three-day conference is being held at the Wye-Aspen Conference Center. Women’s health advocates also need to make leaders aware of the benefits health initiatives can have on ensuring stability. “Health is viewed as a soft issue, what has to be done is it has to be viewed as a tough, hard security issue,” Albright said. Robinson and Children’s Defense Fired founder Marian Wright Edelman also spoke at the conference. Edelman said the lives of women and children are “inextricably interrelated” and the United States is failing its children, ranking 25th in infant mortality and last among 16 industrialized nations in child poverty. Robinson said the United States could be a model for the rest of the world by building successful pro grams and then linking the an to international programs. Edelman, however, said change will not come without a struggle, urging advocacy groups to build alliances and agitate for change with “votes, voices and demonstrations.

18． From the news item, we can infer that Bush administration holds a/an ______ towards family planning.

A．positive B．negative C．optimistic D．pessimistic

正确答案：B

19． According to the former U.S. Secretary of State, ______ child-bearing aged women died of pregnancy related diseases each year in the world.

A．16,000 B．25,000 C．60,000 D．600,000

正确答案：D

20． ______ did NOT attend the women’s health conference. A．Madeleine Albright B．Marian Wright Edelman C．Wye-Aspen

D．Mary Robinson

正确答案：C

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

In May 1995, Andrew Lloyd Webber, creator of a string of international hit musicals and a very wealthy man, spent US $ 29.2 million on Picasso’ s “Portrait of Angel Fernanders de Soto. ‘ It was the highest price paid at auction for a painting since the art market crashed in 1990. Lloyd Webber has a theory that Picasso’ s Blue Period paintings were influenced by Burne-Jones, the British Pre-Raphaelite master whose international reputation stood high at the turn of the century. The theory is not shared by many art historians, but that doesn’ t matter to the composer. He had been looking for a Blue Period Picasso for some time. It is now extremely hard to come by Blue Period Picassos—figurative works that are drenched in melancholy, expressed by a dominant use of blue. Blue Period subjects par excellence are mothers and children or harlequins; Lloyd Webber’ s purchase is not the most attractive of them. He paid roughly double what the picture was worth. He seems to have got carried away when the bidding started to climb. The Picasso was one of the two highest prices of the 1994-95 auction season, and help illustrate what has been

happening in this curious market. The very rich have got their confidence back, which has meant that buyers can be found for works of really outstanding quality and, very occasionally, bidding battles have driven prices back to their 19-1990 levels. The 1980s boom collapsed in 1990. After several false dawns there are now signs that serious recovery has begun. More than an expansion of the market, however, it reflects the relative weakness of the American dollar, the currency in which most art deals are transacted. Collectors from countries with stronger currencies have been finding dollar prices cheap. The middle market is still fairly weak. It is not unusual for up to half the lots on offer at a Christie’s or Sotheby’s sale to be left unsold. Dealers, as opposed to auctioneers, are still finding it hard to make a living and seldom buy for stock. The auctioneers have tried to replace them by encouraging private people to buy directly at auction—and more of them are doing this. But private buying is unpredictable and cannot underpin the market in the way dealer buying used to. Private individuals buy what they want; they don’t bid on everything that is going cheap. Overall, the nature of the market is changing. In the 1980s art was bought as a speculation: buy in April, sell for double the price in September. This mentality vanished with the 1990 collapse, but the very rich and their financial advisors still take the view that it is sensible to keep a percentage of your investment portfolio in art. It is this kind of money that creates the fancy prices at the top end of the market. Geographically, the present recovery has been led by North America. Normally a major recession, such as was experienced in the United States, results in a shift of taste. But the Americans liked Impressionist and classic modern pictures best before the market collapse and that is what they have been coming back to. It is currently the strongest sector of the picture market. Contemporary and Old Master markets are still struggling and there are few buyers for Victorian pictures, apart from Lloyd Webber. Besides Europe and America, however, there is now a growing market in the East. Indeed, the East has become the great hope of hard-pressed dealers over the last three years—they have been aiming to find new buyers in Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. There are more rich connoisseurs in Japan than anywhere else but they have not been in a buying mood. Japanese speculators lost huge amounts of money in the 1990s crash and there are few collectors who dare to buy any works of art today. The market in Chinese ceramics, works of art, jade jewelry and old and modern brush paintings is now dominated worldwide by wealthy collectors from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. The huge volume of excavated art that. is smuggled out of China has dramatically weakened the archaeological, end of this market but rarities, especially the late imperial porcelains, are selling well. There have even been two or three successful auctions inside China since 1994. The local millionaires are beginning to put their money into art.

21． Which of the following does NOT account for the current boom in the art market?

A．The American dollar has become weaker against some major currencies. B．The very rich wish to put part of their investment in art.

C．The very rich have regained their confidence. D．Dealers buying is growing strong.

正确答案：D

22． What does the author say about the North American market? A．The American buyers of pictures have not changed their taste. B．The middle market remains strong. C．The Americans buy art as a speculation. D．It is experiencing a major recession.

正确答案：A

23． Collectors from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore would most likely buy ______.

A．impressionistic paintings

B．Ming Dynasty imperial tea sets C．excavated works of art D．Blue Period Picassos

正确答案：B

But the implications of not using technology in an increasingly technology-laden world may be even more unsatisfactory. Computers and access to the Internet are now common features in most American schools, but they have taken a long and winding road to get there, so quick and widely shared improvements in math and science test scores may be unrealistic. Also, the use of computers in classrooms does not necessarily mean that science and math curricula have been adjusted to take full advantage of them. And a widely perceived lack of teacher training prevents many teachers from effectively implementing both the technology and new approaches to teaching. “Technology access is important,” says Roberts. “But technology alone never makes the difference in student performance. It’s equally important [ to have] teachers who are comfortable and competent with technology, and who have the right kind of training and support.” Federal funding for public school technology, which goes directly to the states, is $ 425 million this year. About one-third of that amount is earmarked for professional development. In some cases, technology can help move both teachers and students toward their goals. One of Roberts’ favorite Web sites is Ask Dr. Math, which can help teachers and students struggling with difficult material. Ask Dr. Math is a question and answer service for K-12 math students and their teachers; it has received a number of Internet awards, including the Best Education Site Award. You can search an archive of questions and answers by level and topic, and students and teachers can e-mail their specific questions as well. E-mail answers come courtesy of 225 volunteer math “doctors” from all over the world. But teachers need some formal technology training too.

That’ s the objective of the W. M. Keck Summer Technology Institute, which takes place at the Thacher School, a 110-year-old boarding school in Ojai, California. With a $ 280,000 grant from the Keck Foundation, the school accepts Southern California teachers for intensive training in using computers, the Internet, and a gaggle of high-tech equipment. The one-week summer sessions began in 1997, continued in 1998, and will repeat in 1999. Roughly 60 percent of the attendees are math and science teachers.

24． Ask Dr. Math could be described as the following EXCEPT ______. A．a question and answer service B．a technology training program

C．with a database of questions and answers D．supported by volunteer math teachers

正确答案：B

25． According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT?

A．American schools have already seen marked improvements in math and science test scores.

B．American schools have yet to adapt their curricula to make the most of computers and the Internet.

C．Teachers need to be formally and adequately trained to cope with the new technology.

D．There is still skepticism about the new technology.

正确答案：A

I remember Max very well. He had a Ph. D. from Princeton. He was a Chaucerian. He was brilliant, eloquent, and professorial. He possessed everything respectable in a human being—a good mind, a sound professional ethic, a sense of learning’s place in the universe. Max was truly an educator. But there is one thing I haven’ t told you about Max. I hated his guts. Max was my freshman-English teacher. And while he was, in a sense, everything I desired to be (that is, a gentleman and a scholar), he was also a man who force-fed me for 15 weeks on literature and grammar (and what a foul stew it was! ) Today, I am a college teacher myself, and have discovered that very few students are encountering their own version of Max. This is not to say that younger, up-and-coming professors are less erudite or well trained than Max was. On the contrary, the scarcity of academic-job opportunities has virtually assured that colleges can choose from among the best-trained young scholars in the world. Neither am I suggesting that it is impossible for a student to find a genuinely loathsome professor. (I have enough personal evidence that the potential for real animosity between teacher and student does exist. We all have encountered the

student who fantasized the most heinous retribution for that despicable faculty member who dared give him a C. ) What made Max unique was neither his mental prowess nor his propensity to be disliked. Rather, it was his aloofness. Max didn’t “care” about his students. He wasn’t worried about whether they were passing his course. He didn’t really seem concerned that most of them never expressed a passion for the subjects of his lectures. And, most of all, Max didn’t give a damn how his students felt about him. Chances are, most students are thankful that “Maxish” professors are an endangered species. Further, I’ll wager that many professors are proud and pleased they are not Maxes (or Maxines). The reason is that, today, college teachers, individually and collectively, “care” about their students. The explanation for the decline in Maxism is not really relevant to my point, but one might nonetheless speculate that a general decline in college enrollment, and consequently in available teaching positions, has led some young professors ~to believe that they have to be popular. The college classroom has become, for some of these “hungry” young men and women, a battleground in their war against job insecurity. Their weapons are a strong response demonstrated by their students (in terms of attendance) coupled with ostensibly strong acceptance (in terms of student evaluations -- which actually measure little more than the congeniality of the professor). The knowledge that academics are more sympathetic to their students than Max was would be heartening, indeed, except for one very curious fact: Max was the best teacher I ever had. That’s right. The very best teacher I ever had was the one who didn’t give a damn about me or anyone else, the one who never tried to make me feel “comfortable,” who didn’t even know my name.

26． Max could be best described as______. A．lenient and permissive B．eager to please his students C．disgusting and loathsome D．strict and demanding

正确答案：D

27． In order to win “their war against ]ob security”, today’s college professors do all the following EXCEPT ______.

A．seeing that students show strong response in class

B．making sure that they get favorable evaluations from the students C．being congenial and sympathetic to their students D．being conscientious in imparting knowledge

正确答案：D

28． From the passage, we get the impression that ______. A．the author thinks highly of today’s professors

B．the author hates Max type of teachers

C．the author likes aloof and uncaring professors

D．the author regrets that Max type of teachers are becoming scarce

正确答案：D

The social sciences are less likely than other intellectual enterprises to get credit for their accomplishments. Arguably, this is so because the theories and conceptual constructs of the social sciences are especially accessible: human intelligence apprehends truths about human affairs with particular facility. And the discoveries of the social sciences, once isolated and labeled, are quickly absorbed into conventional wisdom, whereupon they lose their distinctiveness as scientific advances. This under appreciation of the social sciences contrasts oddly with what many see as their overutilization. Game theory is pressed into service in studies of shifting international alliances. Evaluation research is called upon to demonstrate successes or failures of social programs. Models from economics and demography become the definitive tools for examining the financial base of social security. Yet this rush into practical applications is itself quite understandable: public policy should continually be made, and policymakers rightly feel that even tentative findings and untested theories are better guides to decision-making than no findings and no theories at all.

29． The author would probably agree that ______.

A．discoveries of the social sciences also represent scientific advances B．social sciences lack the rigor that characterizes natural sciences C．discoveries of the social sciences are being abused

D．there should be a strict separation between pure and applied social sciences

正确答案：A

30． As is indicated in the passage, game theory ______. A．is a tentative finding B．is not appropriately used

C．can be applied in service industries

D．is not originally meant for studies of shifting international alliances

正确答案：D

WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and nongovernmental organizations, is focusing on major crippling forms of malnutrition: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia. In some regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, stagnation of nutritional improvement combined with a rapid rise in population has resulted in an actual increase in the total number of

malnourished children. Currently, over two-thirds of the world’ s malnourished children live in Asia, followed by Africa and Latin America. Various types of micronutrient malnutrition are important causes of disability in themselves and often underlie other types of morbidity. Their prevalence is even more widespread than that of protein-energy malnutrition. In sheer numbers, iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency, with nearly 1990 million people being anemic and 3600 million iron-deficient. Iron deficiency is present when body iron stores are depleted. Mainly women of reproductive age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency, with prevalences hovering around 50% in developing countries. Among various regions of the world, it is south Asia which is hit hardest with prevalences reaching 80 % in some countries. In infants and young children even mild anaemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development. In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased absenteeism and accidents at work. During pregnancy, maternal anaemia aggravates the effects of hemorrhage at childbirth and is a major contributing factor to maternal mortality. While there is no single remedy, a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best. Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron- and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals. Iron fortification of foods, particularly of staple cereals, is practiced in a growing number of countries. Iron supplementation is the most common approach, particularly for pregnant women. Another major problem is iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Iodine deficiency remains the single greatest cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation worldwide. WHO estimated in 1990 that 1570 million people, or about 30 % of the world’s population, were at risk of IDD. Insufficient intakes of iodine in pregnancy and early childhood result in impaired mental development of young children. Even marginal deficiency may reduce a child’s mental development by as much as 10 IQ points. The third major micronutrient deficiency is vitamin A deficiency which is officially recognized in 76 countries as a major public health problem. The number of children under five affected clinically is estimated at 2.8 million, with 258 million being diagnosed as having a biochemical deficiency. The highest prevalence and numbers are in Southeast Asia. Depletion occurs when the diet contains too little vitamin A to replace the amount used by tissues. The consequences include night blindness and the destruction of the cornea. Vitamin A deficiency is the most common cause of blindness in young children. Where clinical vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, young child mortality rates are raised by 20 % to 30 %. There are several tried and tested ways of preventing and treating vitamin A deficiency, including improved production and consumption of foods rich in vitamin A or carotene, especially dark-green leafy vegetables and fruits, and liver, eggs and milk products if available. Fortification of fats has been successfully introduced in industrialized countries while the same technique using sugar proved to be equally successful in Central America. Another useful strategy is supplementation with large doses of vitamin A every 4 to 6 months for children of pre-school age and lactating women.

31． In the passage the author elaborates on the following forms of malnutrition EXCEPT______.

A．protein-energy malnutrition B．iodine deficiency disorders C．vitamin A deficiency D．iron deficiency anaemia

正确答案：A

32． Which of the following is NOT true of malnourished children?

A．Over half of the deaths of children under-five are associated with malnutrition.

B．In south Asia, the number of malnourished children is on the rise.

C．More and more countries have reliable data on young children underweight. D．Most of the malnourished children live in Africa.

正确答案：D

33． This article is mainly about ______. A．WHO’s mission and achievements

B．micronutrient malnutrition and its negative effects on children’s health C．the inadequate health care system in the world D．the rising infant mortality and its causes

正确答案：B

The school system of reaching for As underlies this country’s culture, which emphasises the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves. Such a culture is hard to change. So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success, encouraging Singaporeans to realise alternative careers in the arts, sports, research or as entrepreneurs, I had my doubts about its success in this area, if not coupled with help from parents themselves. It is good that the government wants to do something about the country’s preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee’s success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence. This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit--the family. Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life. If ever I become a parent, I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about

lying on a sleeping bag over grass. In fact, it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance, they give directions to the lost traveller, I will say. And who knows, my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky. That’s my point. Parents should teach their children that there’s more to life than studies. Better still if the nation’s leaders echo that idea as well. This way, when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo, they won’t feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe.

34． In the author’s opinion, the success of the Remaking Singapore Committee depends on, more than anything else, ______.

A．young people not caring about their scores B．change of the entire culture

C．support from the nation’s leaders

D．parents changing their attitude toward wealth and status

正确答案：D

35． Which is NOT among the author’s viewpoints? A．There is more to life than studies.

B．Material success should not be the sole purpose of life. C．The nation’s leaders are responsible for everything.

D．The present culture has resulted from 37 years of independence.

正确答案：C

The Treaty on European Union also set out the economic criteria Member States must meet to complete Europe’s economic and monetary union (EMU), the ultimate goal of economic partnership envisaged by the architects of the Treaty of Rome. EMU means a single monetary policy operating within a single economic market and is therefore the logical completement to the Single Market in Europe today. The EMU will be run by a European Central Bank independent of both national governments and European union institutions. A major aspect of EMU is the single currency, to be known as the cure. The cure will enter into circulation in January 1999 in those Member States which meet the criteria for entry to the EMU, and by mid-2002 the changeover from national currencies to the cure in those countries will be complete. The introduction of the cure will be the most visible measure of integration to date in the daily lives of citizens of the European Union. The rights of European citizens were further extended by the Maastricht Treaty, m that today citizens of the Member States may travel, reside, work and carry out transactions in any country of the EU without hindrance and with full protection of the law. The European Union’s fields of responsibility were extended to include areas such as

consumer protection, public health policy, environmental protection, education and culture and the creation Of major transport, communications and energy. Since the signing of the Treaty of Rome in 1957, Europe has been witness to a remarkable growth in its vitality, homogeneity and strength as a democracy. The first union of six Member States has been enlarged to its present number of fifteen. Added to the original six are Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Sweden and Finland, the last three countries being admitted to the European Union in 1995. The next century will see the inclusion in the Union of a number of countries, mostly from central and Eastern Europe. Today the European Union is one of the world’s greatest single trading powers. Its present population of 370 million has many freedoms and choices, both as citizens and as consumers. Its companies have entered new markets and formed new partnerships to exploit economic opportunities at home and abroad. As the century draws to a close, the vision of a united Europe; made manifest by the Treaty of Rome, is closer to realization than even before.

36． How many Member States are there now in the European Union? A．18. B．12. C．6. D．15.

正确答案：D

Eight percent of the Earth’s crust is aluminum, and there are hundreds of aluminum-bearing minerals and vast quantities of the rocks that contain them. The best aluminum ore is bauxite, defined as aggregates of aluminous minerals, more or less impure, in which aluminum is present as hydrated oxides. Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminous rocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields alumina, the intermediate product required for the production of aluminum. Alumina also occurs naturally as the mineral corundum, but corundum is not found in large deposits of high purity, and therefore it is an impractical source for making aluminum. Most of the many abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals are silicates, and like all silicate minerals, they are refractory, resistant to analysis, and extremely difficult to process. The aluminum silicates are therefore generally unsuitable alternatives to bauxite because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them.

37． The intermediate product needed for the production of aluminum is______. A．hydrated oxides B．bauxite C．alumina D．silicates

正确答案：C

Nicholar Copernicus, a Polish scholar, was the first great astronomer of the Renaissance who challenged the long-held geocentric view of the universe. He revolutionized science and the conception of the universe with his heliocentric theory of planetary movement. He held that the earth was not the center of the universe, around which moved the sun, moon, and stars. The earth is one of several heavenly bodies which all revolve about the sun. He gave a detailed account of his theory in his book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. He knew only too well that the result of his long and lonely researches would arouse a storm of opposition, since it contradicted many statements held by the Church. So he delayed the publication of his discoveries until he lay paralyzed on his deathbed. Often credited with founding modern astronomy, Copernicus influenced later European scientists, such as Kepler, Galileo and Newton. Giordano Bruno, an Italian priest and philosopher, was so imbued with the scientific thought of his time that he became the first great philosopher to expound the Copernican system. Filled with many doubts, dissatisfied with the old astronomical theory of the universe, he discarded his priest’s robe and began a life of a wanderer. In his works he stated that the universe is infinite and that the earth is only a small body. Because of his endorsement for the Copernican theory, he was burned to death at the stake in 1600. Galileo, one of the chief founders of modern science: His principal scientific contributions were to astronomy and mechanics, notably his observations with the newly invented telescope and his investigation of the laws of motion. In astronomy, Galileo popularized the Copernican theory. In 1609, he heard of a new Dutch invention, the telescope. He built one of his own and turned it on the heavens. The new instrument enabled him to make several important discoveries, including the craters and mountains of the moon, and the four brightest moons of Jupiter. One of his most important discoveries was that Venus passes through phases from full to crescent, thus confirming that Venus is a planet. Galileo’s work and especially his support for the Copernican theory brought him into disfavor with the Roman Catholic Church. He was interrogated by the papal court and forced to disown his findings. Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer and mathematician, was a strong supporter of the heliocentric theory of Copernicus. By using the astronomical observations recorded by Tycho Brahe, he formulated three famous laws of planetary motion. He made an intensive study of the orbits of the planets and proved that the orbit of a planet is an ellipse instead of a perfect circle as was the ancient belief. He made other important discoveries that became a milestone in man’ s knowledge of the universe. The new view of the universe was completed in the 17th century when Issac Newton discovered the force of gravity which kept planets orbiting the sun and prevented people from being thrown off the moving earth.

38． According to the passage, which is TRUE of Galileo?

A．He was the first to claim that the earth was not the center of the universe.

B．He discovered the craters and mountains of the moon. C．He confirmed that Jupiter is a planet. D．He invented the telescope.

正确答案：B

39． The new view of the universe was completed by the discovery made by ______.

A．Issac Newton B．Johannes Kepler C．Galileo

D．Nicholar Copernicus

正确答案：A

While urban settlements have existed for thousands of years, rapid urban growth is very recent. Until modem times, urban settlements attracted only a small percentage of the total population and rarely reached a population of more than a few thousand inhabitants. In the past two centuries, the world has experienced rapid urbanization. Relatively developed countries have been transformed from predominantly rural to predominantly urban societies. The process of urbanization involves two changes in the distribution of population in a country: an increase in the number of people living in urban settlements and an increase in the percentage of people living in urban settlements. These two types of increases occur for different reasons. The increase in the number of urban residents is a function of the total population increase in the society. As the population of the country grows, some of those additional people inevitably will live in urban settlements. Rome, the largest urban settlement of the ancient world, probably was no larger in population than the modern Des Moines, Iowa. Most urban historians estimate that the first settlement to exceed 1 million inhabitants was London in approximately 1810. Today, more than 100 cities exceed 2 million. At the same time, urbanization means an increase in the percentage of urban dwellers and a corresponding decrease in the percentage of rural residents. The increase in the percentage of urban residents is a function of the society’s changing economic structure. A high percentage of urban residents reflects the fact that most of the jobs are in factories, offices, and services rather than on farms. In 1800, only 3 percent of the world’s population lived in urban settlements, compared with more than 40 percent today. If current trends continue, by the end of the twentieth century, the population of urban settlements may exceed that of rural settlements for the first time in human history.

40． The increase in the percentage of urban residents is related to ______. A．total population increase in society

B．the society’s changing economic structure

C．the extent of social development D．the extent of urbanization

正确答案：B

Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe. To its west is France, to the north is Germany, to the east lies Austria and to the south, Italy. All of these countries have had an influence on Switzerland’ s history, culture and language. Switzerland covers an area of 41,288 square km. Its magnificent mountains and lakes draw many visitors each year, and it is famous around the world for its clock- and watch-making industries, its chocolate, its cheese and its banking system. Some 70 percent of the land area of Switzerland is mountainous. This has made the country difficult to invade and is one of the reasons why it has avoided the angry territorial wars that have plagued other countries in Europe. It has not been involved in a foreign war since the year 1515 and has maintained an armed neutrality since 1815. Individuals have traditionally offered their services to the armies of other countries. Swiss mercenaries have gained a reputation for discipline and have been well paid for their services. The snow-capped Alps is the highest mountain region in Europe and is popular with climbers and hill walkers, who come to the area in summer. The Alps dominates the central and southern part of the country and is home to Europe’ s highest mountain, Mont Blanc. The less dramatic Jura Mountains lie to the northwest. In between these two mountainous areas lies the central Swiss plateau, which is about 50 km wide and runs from southwest to northeast. The major urban centers are situated here, on the shores of Switzerland’ s major lakes. They include the capital city of Bern, the largest city, Zurich, and the major cultural, financial and manufacturing center of Geneva. The cities of Basel and Lausanne are also important manufacturing centers. Most people in Switzerland live in small towns, despite the importance of the cities. People who live in the countryside and in the alpine valleys work mainly on small family farms, rearing sheep, goats, pigs, cows and chickens and growing such crops as wheat, potatoes, apples and pears. The land is generally poor, however, and the climate is not favorable to agriculture on a large scale. Switzerland must import most of its food. The Swiss have made good use of their country’s scant natural resources. Many rivers and mountain waterfalls have been harnessed to provide cheap hydroelectric power, although there are also several nuclear power stations. Switzerland’s heavily forested hills and mountain slopes provide timber and furniture industries, and also for paper pulp. Much of its milk output is turned into Swiss “mousetrap” cheese, famous for its holes and its distinctive flavor.

41． Zurich is______in Switzerland. A．the largest city B．the financial center C．a manufacturing center D．famous for its cheese

正确答案：A

42． Most people in Switzerland live in ______. A．cities B．towns

C．the suburbs

D．the countryside

正确答案：B

There are three basic sections which make up a receiver: the tuner or radio signal receiving section, the preamplifier control section, and the power amplifier section. In very elaborate hi fi systems these three sections actually may be purchased as separate units, for increased flexibility and control or as a means of assembling the system in stages using the “building block” approach. The Tuner Section The tuner section may be equipped to receive only FM signals or both AM and FM signals. Since it is possible to broadcast stereo (two channel) sound via FM, most hi fi receivers have circuitry for decoding the complex composite received signal into separate “left and right” channel signals. The front end of the tuner section selects the particular signal desired from the hundreds of radio signals present in the atmosphere. As you tune the dial, resonant or tuned circuits are changed so as to be responsive to a single frequency. In the case of FM signals, tuning is adjustable from 88 MHz (millions of alternations/second of the radio wave) to 108 MHz. Since each FM station occupies a space of 0.2 MHz, that means a theoretical maximum of 100 stations is possible in one geographical area. Actually fewer stations are assigned in any one area, so that one station’ s signal will not cause audible interference with an adjacent station. In the case of AM, stations broadcast at frequencies ranging from 540 kHz to 1605 kHz (1 kHz = 1000 alternations per second) and selection of desired stations is similar to the technique used in FM. The signal is amplified by the front end and mixed with a locally generated signal in the receiver to produce a different frequency known as the IF signal (Intermediate Frequency). In the case of AM, the IF frequency is generally 455 kHz. In the case of FM radio, the IF frequency is 10.7 MHz. The process is known as super heterodyne and since the local signal and received signal are always a fixed amount apart, the succeeding IF amplifiers need not be variably tuned but can be designed simply to amplify 455 kHz (for AM) or 10.7 MHz (for FM). Difference Between FM and AM In AM radio the amplitude of the radio wave is varied in accordance with the audio information to be broadcast. Hence the name Amplitude Modulation. In FM it is the radio frequency that is varied based on audio signals. It is this feature that makes FM relatively noise free since noise or static is an amplitude phenomenon. If noise accompanies the FM signals the noise can be sliced off by circuits called limiters without impairing the frequency-changing nature of the FM signal. While the circuits themselves differ, the amplified IF signals are then applied to a detector circuit which strips off the

original audio information. In FM, the detector is called a radio detector. The output of either the AM detector or the FM detector is an audio signal suitable for application to and further processing by the “preamplifier control” section o{ the receiver. In the case o{ stereo FM the recovered audio signal must be further processed or “unscrambled” to recover the separate “left” and “right” audio channels. This is accomplished by the multiplex decoder circuits.

43． In an FM radio, the Intermediate Frequency is usually ______. A．10.7 MHz B．455 kHz C．540 kHz D．1605 kHz

正确答案：A

44． Which feature makes FM radio relatively noise free? A．Its radio frequency is varied. B．It is static free.

C．It has “preamplifier control” section. D．It has a detector circuit.

正确答案：A

Most of the elephants you see are Indian elephants. But sometimes you see an African elephant. You can easily tell the two apart by looking at their ears. African elephants have ears at least twice as big as those of an Indian elephant. But there are also many other differences between the Indian elephant and its African cousin. The Indian elephant has a bulging forehead and a back that is convex, or bowed out. The African elephant has a sloping forehead, and its back usually has a dip in it behind the shoulders. The trunk of the Indian elephant tends to be smoother than that of its African cousin. Indian elephants have five toenails on their front feet and four on their hind feet. African elephants may have one nail fewer on each foot. Indian elephants roam the forests of India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. African elephants range over most of Africa south of the Sahara. Some scientists divide African elephants into two species -- the larger bush elephant and the smaller forest elephant. The forest elephant lives in the Congo River basin. It has smaller rounder ears, and it grows only about 2.5 meters tall. Adult bush elephants are somewhat larger even than Indian elephants. Big males may be 3.5 meters high at the shoulder and weigh more than 6 metric tons. Both Indian and African elephants have all the toes on each foot enclosed in a common covering of skin. Only the toenails show. Both, as adults, have tough, leathery hides that may be an inch thick. Both have very little hair. But their eyes are fringed with lashes that sometimes measure more than 12 centimeters long. And their tails are tipped with clusters of

thick, wiry hair. Both Indian and African elephants live in herds, and their ways of life are very much the same.

45． Which of the following is NOT true of the African elephants? A．They live to the south of the Sahara. B．They can be divided into two species. C．They are all larger than Indian elephants.

D．They have bigger ears than the Indian elephants.

正确答案：C

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

46． Which of the following is NOT an English noble title? A．Duke B．Baron C．Earl D．Count

正确答案：D

47． The Virgin Islands are located ______. A．in the Gulf of Mexico B．in the Pacific Ocean C．in the North Sea

D．in the Caribbean Sea

正确答案：D

48． Canadian children are encouraged to learn both ______ and ______ at school.

A．English and Spanish B．French and Spanish C．English and French D．Portuguese and French

正确答案：C

49． ______ is the most important of all American crops. A．Wheat B．Corn C．Cotton

D．Rice

正确答案：B

50． ______ is not one of William Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies. A．Hamlet B．Macbeth

C．The Twelveth Night D．Othello

正确答案：C

51． Rip Von Winkle is a story adapted by ______ from German legend. A．James F. Cooper B．Washington Irving C．Nathaniel Hawthorne D．Edgar Ellan Poe

正确答案：B

52． Sons and Lovers is an autobiographical novel of ______. A．D.H. Lawrence B．Thomas Hardy C．Henry James D．Arnold Bennett

正确答案：A

53． Which of the following is not a design feature of language? A．Duality.

B．Displacement. C．Translatability. D．Productivity.

正确答案：C

54． Language can refer to things that are not present in the immediate situation of the speaker. For example, if someone says I was afraid, it is not necessary that the speaker is still afraid. Which of the following terms describes this property of language?

A．Arbitrariness. B．Motivation;

C．Interchangeability. D．Displacement.

正确答案：D

55． In our daily life we often hear such expressions as Wonderful weather we Pre having or Good morning. Which function of language do those expressions manifest?

A．Informative. B．Phatic.

C．Interrogative, D．Expressive.

正确答案：B

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t

Is drinking alcohol during pregnancy dangerous? Yes, drinking alcohol during pregnancy can be dangerous toyou and baby. Babies born to mothers who drink alcohol during 【1】______pregnancy have fetal alcohol syndrome. 【2】______ What is fetal alcohol syndrome? Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of problems on children 【3】______born to mothers who drank alcohol during their pregnancy.These babies are usually small and underweight. They oftenhave birth defects and, as they grow old, they may have 【4】______behavior problems. The most serious problem is mentalretardation. How common is fetal alcohol syndrome? In the United States, about 1,200 children are born eachYear with fetal alcohol syndrome. It is the lead cause of mental【5】______retardation in this country. How much alcohol can I drink and not hurt my baby? Even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful. Because noamounts of alcohol can be considered safe, it is recommended 【6】______that pregnant women avoid all alcohol during the entirepregnancy. Drinks with alcohol in it include beer, wine, hard 【7】______liquor and wine coolers. Can my baby get fetal alcohol syndrome even if I don’t drinkalcohol every day? Yes. In fact, most women don’t drink alcohol every day.Instead, they drink only on the special occasions, such as 【8】______weekends, holidays or parties. When they do drink, somewomen have five or more drinks at time. This is called “binge 【9】______drinking.” This pattern of drinking is very dangerous for yourbaby, because it quickly makes the level of alcohol in your bloodvery high. So, if you don’t drink every day, you may put your 【10】______baby at risk for fetal alcohol syndrome.

56． 【M1】

正确答案：and ∧ baby—your

57． 【M2】

正确答案：pregnancy ∧ have—may

58． 【M3】

正确答案：on—in

59． 【M4】

正确答案：old—older

60． 【M5】

正确答案：lead—leading

61． 【M6】

正确答案：amounts—amount

62． 【M7】

正确答案：it—them

63． 【M8】

正确答案：the—the

． 【M9】

正确答案：at ∧ time—a

65． 【M10】

正确答案：So, ∧ if—even

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following

text into English.

66． 外来移民难道真的是欧洲社会难以摆脱的失业和高犯罪率的罪魁祸首吗? 今天的欧洲或许算是一方乐土，吸引着非洲；亚洲、南美洲的许多年轻人背井离乡到这里来谋生求发展。更重要的是，西欧今天已经离不开移民。移民的到来对欧洲的经济社会发展，甚至改善欧洲人口年龄结构，起着不可忽视的作用。 今日，西欧国家均面临着一个严峻的挑战，即随着欧盟经济的恢复，人口老龄化的加快，欧洲的劳动力日益短缺，弥补的办法只有一个——引进移民。2000年3月联合国人口机构发表的一份报告对欧洲颇具震撼力，报告称：由于出生率的降低和平均寿命的延长，25年后，欧洲将近一半的人口将是退休者。欧洲将成为名副其实的旧。谁来填补这个人口赤字?谁来为欧洲工作? 答案是显而易见的。德国议会调查委员会称：移民的贡献使欧洲人口年轻化和更加充满活力。

正确答案： Are immigrants really the major culprit of unemployment and high crime rate that have been haunting the European societies? ... Today, Western Europe cannot develop without immigrants, for they are making innegligible contributions to Europe’s economy and even to the improvement of the age composition of its population. Because of a low birth rate and a greater average life span, retired people will account for half of the European population in 25 years, and Europe will become the old continent in tree sense of the word. Who will fill up this population deficit? Who will work for Europe? The answer is only too obvious. The Investigation Committee of the German Parliament claimed that the immigrants make the European population younger and more vigorous.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.

67． What is globalization? The short answer is that globalization is the integration of everything with everything else. A more complete definition is that globalization is the integration of markets, finance, and technology in a way that shrinks the world from a size medium to a size small. Globalization enables each of us, wherever we live, to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before and at the same time allows the world to reach into each of us farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before. I believe this process is almost entirely driven by technology. There’s a concept in strategic theory, stating that capabilities create intentions. In other words, if you give people B-52s, they will find ways to use them. This concept is quite useful when thinking about globalization, too. If I have a cell phone that can call around the world at zero marginal cost to 180 different countries, I will indeed call around the world to 180 different countries. If I have Internet access and can do business online, a business in which my suppliers, customers, and competitors are all global, then I will be global, too. And I will be global whether there is a World Trade Organization agreement or not.

正确答案：什么叫全球化?简而答之，全球化就是所有事物的融合。更为完整的定义是这样的：全球化就是市场、金融和技术的融合，它使得世界从中等规模缩至小规模。无论我们住在哪里，全球化使得我们每一个人能比以前更深入、更快捷、更便宜地接触到世界的每一处，同时也让世界比以前更深人；更快捷、更便宜地触及我们的生活。 我相信这个过程完全是由技术推动的。在战略理论中有这样一个概念，说能力产生意图。换言之，如果你给人们B-52型轰炸机，他们就会找到B—52型轰炸机的用途。这个概念在考虑全球化时也是非常有用的。如果我有一部手机，能接通世界上180个不同的国家，而且价格相同，那么我就确实会向180个不同的国家打电话。如果我能接上因特网，能在网上做生意，而我的供应商、顾客和竞争对手都是全球性的，那么我也将是全球性的，而且无论是否有世贸总协定，我都会是全球性的。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.

68． It is only a few months now before you graduate and have to find a job. What kind of job do you expect to find? Will you accept a job that satisfies your interest or one that brings a good income? Write an essay of about 300 words entitled1. My Ideal Job In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

正确答案： Welcome, Cloning Mao Yan The cloning of Dolly in 1997 shocked the whole world because it meant the possibility for scientists to be able to apply cloning to humans in the near future. To some people it is difficult to accept, for the moral and ethical world of the human race would run the risk of being destroyed. So they propose that cloning he prohibited. In my opinion, however, this is not necessary, for we can embrace the technology cautiously. One reason is that we can benefit a lot from cloning. We will not see our loved one dying for lack of donated organs. We will not regret that famous scientists cannot live long enough to make more contributions to the world. We can realize “immortality” our ancestors had dreamt of since the early days of mankind. Perhaps some people will refute that cloning will make for a monotonous world since a lot of people are “immortal.” They forget that genes can only partly decide what one is and postnatal circumstances can influence a person so much that Einstein Jr. probably would be unexpectedly slow. Another reason is that cloning has already been a part of life. It has been successfully applied to many fields from cancer immunology to transplant medicine, from crop to animal husbandry. Although the U.S. has announced that it will pass new laws to control the development of cloning and perhaps turn off the money Tap to those university researches, it is hard for other nations to follow suit, for it is really an amazing blessing, although a mixed one. Thus, many private companies can be set up

to done sheep, monkeys, family dogs, and probably, even humans, if they choose to. There is no way to regulate research on a worldwide basis.Still another reason is that we have had much experience in dealing with all kinds of mixed blessings. We cannot call automobile an evil just because its emitted fumes kill thousands of people annually, and we cannot block the information highway just because it enables downloading of pornographic garbage for the young. And we cannot keep high technology at bay just because we fear that someday our native culture will be destroyed. We have no choice but to face the challenge from high technology. Now it is time for us to consider how to utilize cloning instead of banning it.