四级段落翻译

Translation

Practice 1

在中国，小孩儿的满月酒（One-Month-Old-Feast）和抓周（One-Year-Old-Catch）仪式独具特色。小孩儿出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩儿满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何的引导或暗示，人孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么，后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将来从事的职业以及前途。

Practice 1

参考译文：

In China, One-Month-Old-Feast and One-Year-Old-Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old-Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.

难点注释：

1. 第一句中的“独具特色”，用be of + sth , 表示“有……”。

2. 第二句较长。“小孩儿……的那天”为时间状语，“孩子的家人”为主语，“招呼，邀请”为并列的谓语。因为“招呼”和“邀请”都可以用invite 就可以了。邀请某人做某事用invite sb to do sth。

3. “按照中国的传统”，“按照”可以用according to, “中国的传统”可以译为Chinese traditional custom。

Practice 2

剪纸是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明清时期特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征着健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

Practice 2

参考译文：

Paper cutting is one of China’ most popular folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a long history of more than 1500 years. It was widespread particularly during Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous

atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

难点注释：

1. 第一句中“民间艺术”可以译为folk arts，“之一”可以用one of + 名词的复数形式。

2. 第二句中“明清时期”可以译为Ming and Qing Dynasties。

3. 第四句中“以增加喜庆的气氛”可以译为to enhance the joyous atmosphere。

4. 第五句中“象征着健康和兴旺”可以译为symbolizes health and prosperity。

Practice 3

京剧经常作为中国传统戏剧的代表介绍到国外。它是中国影响力最大的戏曲剧种，形成与大约200年前的北京。京剧主要基于徽剧（安徽省）和汉剧（湖北省）发展而成，当然也吸收了一些地方剧的特点。19世纪后半世纪和20世纪初是京剧发展的重要时期。京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。

Practice 3

参考译文：

Peking Opera has often been introduced abroad as a representative type of China’s traditional operas. It is China’s most influential operas and it was formed in Beijing about 200 years ago mainly on the basis of Hui (of Anhui Province) and Han (of Hubei Province) operas, but also absorbing some points from other local operas. The latter half of the 19th century and the early of 20th century were an important period in the development of Peking Opera. Peking Opera is spread nationwide with a great influence and is called “National Opera”.

难点注释：

Practice 4

筷子是一种由中国汉族发明的非常具有民族特色的进食工具。我们筷子的优点之一，是可以随意夹喜欢吃的菜。用刀叉就没有那么方便。我听说，西方国家的朋友在国内不赞成在餐桌上把手伸得老长去夹菜。但是，在中国的餐桌上，这没有什么。朋友们别客气。随便吃。

Practice 4

参考译文：

Chopsticks is a tool for eating invented by Chinese Han with distinct Chinese characteristics. One good thing about our chopsticks is that we reach for what we’d like to eat at tables; it wouldn’t be so convenient with knife and fork. I

understand your friends from Western countries do not approve of reaching over the table for things when you have dinner parties in your own country. But in China we don’t mind. Make yourselves at home, please. Help yourselves!

难点注释：

Practice 5

信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

Practice 5

参考译文：

With full speed development of the information technology, Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. Some schools even take the information technology as a required course. For this phenomenon, different people have different opinion. Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. While some others hold the opposite view, they believe that China should keep pace with the times. No matter how, it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.

难点注释：

Practice 6

中国结(the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

Practice 6

参考译文：

The Chinese knot is originally invented by the craftsman. After several hundred years’ innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly functioning as decoration. In Chinese, \"Knot\" means love, marriage and reunion. The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits. The handicraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in China and the world.

难点注释：

1. 第二句中，“不断的改进”可以理解为improvement，“优雅多彩”可以译为elegant

and colorful。

2. 第四句中，“祈求好运和辟邪”，可以译为a talisman to ward off evil spirits或者bring good luck as well as ward off evil spirits。|

3. 最后一句中“这种形式的手工艺”，可以直接译为The handicraft。

Practice 7

“你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的题目，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasty)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

Practice 7

参考译文：

“Would you like Tea or coffee?”, diners are frequently asked this question. Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea. It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country. Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century. Up to now, tea has become

one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.

难点注释：

1. 第一句中“你要查还是要咖啡？”是餐厅常用语，可以译为Would you like Tea or coffee?或Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?

2. 第二句中可以用while连接两个分句，具有转折的意思。

3. 第四句较长，可以适当处理成两个句子。句中“直到……才”需要使用not…until句型。

4. 最后一句中“民族饮品”可以译为national drink 或者national beverage。

Practice 8

许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。

Practice 8

参考译文：

Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between grains, meat and vegetables, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.

难点注释：

1. 第一句中，“中餐”可以译为Chinese food或Chinese cuisine。

2. 第三句中，要注意符合形容词的选用，“精心准备的”可以译为carefully-prepared或well-prepared。

3. 第四句中，“配料”可以译为ingredients,“差别”可以译为vary。

世界上拥有书法（calligraphy）艺术的民族屈指可数。其中，唯有中国书法具有最悠久的历史，传播的最为广泛，同民族文化保持着密切的关系。中国书法看似十分简单，仿佛凡是能在宣纸（Xuan paper）上书写汉字的人似乎就成了书法家，其实不然。施法作为一种艺术形式，是玄妙而精深的，因此能够真正走进树干艺术境界（artistic realm）的书法家并不多。

Few nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In particular, Chinese calligraphy has the longest history, which is the most popular

among its people, and has maintained a close relationship with national culture development. Chinese calligraphy looks simple. It seems as if anyone that can write Chinese characters on Xuan paper with a writing brush can become a calligrapher, but it’s not. Calligraphy is a form of art that involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills, so there are not many calligraphers that have reached the realm of calligraphy.

1. 第一句中“屈指可数”意为“数目很少”可以译为few。

2. 第二句中“同民族文化保持着密切的关系”可以译为maintain a close relationship with national culture。

3. 第四句中“玄妙”可以译为involves a great deal of theory，“精深”意为“需要很多技术”，可以译为requires many skills。

刺绣（embroidery）是中国艺术的一颗璀璨明珠，在秦汉时期就已达到较高的水平。它是一门传统工艺，有各种样式，广泛分布与中国的各个地区。有些精致的（elaborate）刺绣品需要花费几位熟练技工数月甚至数年的时间才能完成。在服饰文化中，刺绣工艺占有重要地位。他不仅是中国传统艺术和手工艺的瑰宝，也是中华文化的重要组成部分。它代表了中国人民的智慧。

Embroidery which had already reached a high level in the Qin and Han dynasties is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. Embroidery is a traditional craft found in many styles in different parts of China. Some elaborate pieces require

months or even years to be finished and call on the skills of several experienced craftspeople. In the costume, it occupies an important position in the treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, and is also an important part of Chinese culture. It represents the wisdom of Chinese people.

1. 第一句中“璀璨明珠”可以译为a brilliant pearl, 而“在秦汉时期”可以译为Qin and Han dynasties。

2. 第二句由三个短句组成，可以以第一个短句作为主句，另外两个短句译为过去分词短语做修饰语，“传统工艺”可以译为traditional craft。

3. 第四句中“瑰宝”可以译为treasure。